Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
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Date
2015-10
Authors
Zakaria, Norhidaya
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Abstract
Phenol formaldehyde is one of the main wood adhesive used in wood industry. The raw material of this adhesive is derived from petroleum oil. In recent years, the increasing price of petrochemical makes its replacement by natural resources become indispensible. In this study, the possibility of substituting phenol in phenolic adhesive production with lignin which was extracted from oil palm waste was explored. Kraft and soda lignins were characterized in terms of chemical and thermal properties to determine their suitability and potential for partial incorporation into phenol formaldehyde resin. The parameters for preparation of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) formulation resin such as lignin percentage, formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio, catalyst ratio and reaction duration were optimized. The optimum LPF (OLPF) was compared with the commercial LPF (CPF) in terms of chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. From the analyses, kraft lignin showed tremendous potential due to higher phenolic hydroxyl group content compared to soda lignin. The optimum parameters to produce the newly formulated LPF can be achieved by 50% replacement of phenol to lignin, using formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio of 2.0, catalyst ratio of 0.6 and the reaction time of 4 hours. The LPF resins were characterized for their physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. Comparison of these resins shows that OLPF was comparable with CPF. Although the shear strength and wood failure percentage of CPF was slightly higher than OLPF, the OLPF still meets the standard requirement.
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Industrial, Manufacturing