Penilaian Kesesuaian Tanah Untuk Penempatan Berdasarkan Fizikal Persekitaran, Bencana Dan Implikasi Sosial Di Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Date
2016-08
Authors
Muhammad Rusdi
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Abstract
A study of land suitability evaluation based on physical environment, disaster
and social implications for settlement areas has been conducted in Banda Aceh,
Indonesia. The study aims to identify the basic physical environment for the
settlements. It also identifies and confirms the locations of settlement areas that are
prone to disaster. Furthermore, it also analyzes the awareness level, reasons and
perception of the residents in those high-risk residential areas. Finally, the research
results should be able to recommend the proposed plan to reduce disaster risks. The
concept of land suitability evaluation adopts the system by Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and was done by processing the spatial data using Geographic
Information System (GIS) with spatial analysis. The analysis of physical environment
results showed that the whole area of Banda Aceh is suitable for residential purpose.
However, based on the disaster analysis, it is found that 54% of the total area of Banda
Aceh is not suitable for settlements (risky), and out of them, 29% is a very high-risk
area. The unsuitable areas became the basis for the social implications study and
planning analysis of the integrated land usage. Social sampling analysis was done
randomly with a sample of 414 respondents. The social implications results showed
that the entire society is positively aware of the risks and impacts of living in the
disaster-prone areas. They have strong reasons and justifications for staying in the
areas prone to disaster. The reasons include their tightly knit relationship with current
neighbours, possibility of bearing extra cost if they decided to move, the religious
belief that disaster will happen wherever you are at any time and thus, the current area
poses no problem to them, and the issue of inheritance. The public perception analysis
showed that the people has high perception towards the government’s foundation and
support. The suitability of residential area based on the physical environment and
perception of community becomes the basics for the planning of residential areas in
order to reduce the impact of disaster. The protection strategies include the building of
protective sea wall, greenbelt and terracing that are suited to the local nature condition.
The building of escape buildings and evacuation routes is also recommended in the
residential areas. The escape buildings are recommended to be built in mosques and
schools, taking into account the religious belief that mosque is the best place to seek
shelter when it was previously not damaged in the 2004 tsunami that hit Aceh. In some
areas, the relocation of residential areas to safer places should be made a priority in the
long term for the purpose of reducing the risk of disaster in the future.
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Keywords
To identify the basic physical environment , for the settlements.