Wan Zuraida Binti Wan Kamis
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Date
2010-11
Authors
Wan Kamis, Wan Zuraida
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
In this present study, methyl ester (ME) was produced by transesterification of virgin cooking palm oil (VPO) and waste cooking palm oil (WPO) using newly developed calcium oxide catalyst supported on activated carbon (CaO/AC) as a heterogeneous catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the catalytic activity by investigating the effect of CaO loading amount on AC, calcination temperature and calcination time. The optimum conditions for catalyst activity in VPO transesterification was obtained as follows: 13.18 wt% of CaO precursor on AC, 540 ºC calcination temperature and 2 h calcination time which produce the ME content of 77.35%. The study on the optimum conditions for transesterification of VPO and WPO were conducted using RSM. The optimum conditions for VPO transesterification are: 1 h 21 min reaction time, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 190 °C reaction temperature and 5.5 wt% catalyst amount. On the other hand, the optimum conditions for WPO transesterification are: 2 h 22 min reaction time, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 170 °C temperature, 5.5 wt% catalyst amount. The results show the ME content was 80.98 % for VPO and 77.32 % for WPO. Catalyst reusability studies indicated a reduction in catalytic activity with ME content of 79.80%, 57.92% and 41.17% in the first, second and third cycles respectively for VPO transesterification. Similar trend was observed for WPO transesterification with ME content of 76.30%, 43.98% and 31.26% in the first, second and third cycles respectively.
Description
Keywords
Virgin And Waste Cooking Palm Oil , Calcium Oxide