Development of integrally skinned polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane
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Date
2005
Authors
Mahanim Sarif, @ Mohd Ali
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Abstract
This thesis focuses on the development of integrally skinned polysulfone
ultrafiltration membranes and the effect of casting parameters on the membrane
performance to produce a consistent and reproducible membrane. Formation of the flat
sheet membrane had been performed by alteration of polymer concentration,
membrane nominal thickness, evaporation time and shear rate, which were identified
as dominant casting parameters in controlling skin thickness and skin integrity. In view
of the fact that membrane properties and reproducibility are sensitive to the fabrication
conditions, the parameters to produce a membrane should be controlled in a more
precise manner which could never be achieved using conventional or manual casting
process.
Thus, to reduce the error of manual casting, the membrane was consistently
fabricated using the lab developed Membrane Auto Casting Machine which combines
the advantageous features of casting technology which enhances the production of
even, smooth, ultrathin, defect-free membrane and high reproducibility. This casting
machine basically consists of four major parts and all these parameters could be
adjusted according to the requirements of final product. Casting solution developed in
this study consisted of polysulfone (PSF) as a polymer and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP) as a solvent. Polyvinylpyyrolidone (PVP) was used as an additive at the
preliminary stage. Effect of PSF concentration was studied as the preliminary work to
find out the best formulation that gives the best performance to the membrane
developed. It was found that the used of PVP with higher molecular weight, will give a
good permeability but poor rejection. Thus, polyethylene glycol (PEG) with lower
molecular weight was chosen to replace PVP as a new additive to increase the membrane rejection. Therefore, the formula of PSF/NMP/PEG was used in the overall
research.
In this study, a systematic work was carried out to investigate the effect of casting
parameters including membrane thickness, evaporation time and shear rate. The
optimum membrane could be fabricated under shear rate of 277.78s-1 for membrane
nominal thickness of 150 m and evaporation time in the range of 10s to 15s. It was
determined that the pure water permeability (PWP), PEG flux and PEG rejection were
40.52 L/m2h, 36.97 L/m2h and 73.14% respectively at those conditions. The
membranes were then characterized by molecular weight cut off (MWCO), pore size
distribution (PSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, in order to fully
realize the potential of ultrafiltration membrane and to predict the membrane
performance, the flux and rejection through the membrane was predicted based on
linear model equation. Both flux and rejection data were well predicted by the model,
which showed only a small difference between the experimental data and calculated
data. As a conclusion, the final performances of the membrane are very much
depending on the casting parameters.
Description
Master
Keywords
Chemical Engineering , Plysulfone ultrafiltration membrane