Transformasi Konflik Dan Pembentukan Perdamaian Positif Berterusan Di Aceh
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Date
2015-06
Authors
Zainal, Suadi
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Government of Aceh to build sustainable positive peace in Aceh, especially the efforts that have contributed to structural and cultural transformation. Both these factors can have an impact on the political, economic and social systems in Aceh to ensure that the needs of the Aceh people are fulfilled in a satisfactory and fair manner. The main question raised by this study is whether the efforts made by the Government of Aceh have contributed to this transformation process and eventually to the attainment of sustainable positive peace in Aceh. This research uses the qualitative method. Primary data was collected through observation and interviews with relevant parties in this transformation process. Secondary data was obtained through books, research reports, media information, and documents related to this research. The data was analyzed using an inductive approach with an interactive model. This study found that the situation in Aceh has been transformed with the peace agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland on August 15, 2005. The agreement, known as the Helsinki MOU made an impact immediately with amnesty for GAM fighters and the release of GAM political prisoners, the implementation of demobilization, disarmament and reintegration of GAM members, as well as the withdrawal of non-organic troops and police personnel from Aceh. Furthermore, there was structural transformation which involved constitutional reform with the establishment of the new law for Aceh, known as the Law on Governing Aceh (LoGA), 2006. Changes were also made in the legal field. However, this study found that the transformation performed could not yet lead to a positive peace which is fully sustainable and that Aceh still has many problems such as poverty, unemployment, and violence at the local level. Some causes of these problems include vertical conflict between groups in Aceh, corruption and cronyism among the new leaders of Aceh, as well as the imperfect implementation of the Helsinki MoU. In the mean time, cultural transformation has not happened. All of these give us the conclusion that even if Aceh is now relatively peaceful, the political changes, as well as economic and social developments achieved have yet to bring a comprehensive impact to the fulfillment of needs of the Aceh people. There are still many problems that need to be resolved to attain sustainable positive peace in Aceh .
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Social sciences , Conflict management