Design And Implementation Of Self-Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network
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Date
2014-06
Authors
Shaghaji, Samiyeh Esmaeili
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) have been very useful since inception most especially for environmental protection applications due largely to its ever increasing demand for its relevance in harsh and remote environments. These applications found a ready usage in medicine, industry and agriculture, most especially for real-time data monitoring. There are major challenges confronting WSNs designs with respect to the cost of the network, synchronization between sensor nodes, and power consumption optimization for longer life-time among others. To this extent, a new self-reconfigurable algorithm is presented to reduce the power consumption and increase the network speed in conveying the data. In order to extend the life-time of the sensor nodes and prevent idle listening, the design includes the duty cycling mechanism using wake-up scheme protocol in its multi-hop algorithm. This research proposes a novel algorithm design of self-reconfigurable wireless sensor nodes based on the PIC microcontrollers. All the nodes have same responsibility and free to exchange their data in the network. The network consists of three main parts: sensor nodes; sink node and data monitoring center. The tested sensor nodes are equipped with 315 MHz ASK transmitter and receiver as the radio communication unit, a PIC microcontroller as the control and processing unit, a typical temperature sensor as the sensing unit and a 9v battery as the power supply. The total cost of this sensor node is estimated to be RM 51.7 only which makes the design relatively cheaper and affordable compare to other available wireless sensor nodes. Since the nodes are placed in remote areas, they are designed to choose the shortest path to send the data,in order to reduce the power consumption of the entire system. The design supports a reliable point to point transmission using a unique algorithm that is capable to detect the failure and reconfigure the path immediately. Also, it can detect the disconnection and convey the Fail message to inform the user about the problem. The algorithm is capable of being applied to any other embedded wireless modules and sensors in a variety of applications. The result shows high reliability of the proposed design in data transmission at different baud-rates with about 98% probability of packet delivery under only 93.05 mW of power consumption in full mode. Considering the duty-cycling feature, the average power consumption of the sensor nodes reduces to 42.87 mW so as increase the operation time to 3 days and 18 hours when both monitoring and security modes are applied. The self-reconfiguration feature, the use of low-power and inexpensive hardware make the design affordable and easy to maintain or replace.
Description
Keywords
Implementation of self-reconfigurable , wireless sensor network