Preparation and characterization of porous chitosan membrane soaked in ammonium acetate electrolyte for proton batteries
Loading...
Date
2016-01-01
Authors
Siti Salwa Alias
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Porous membrane received much attention for batteries application due to the ability to retain electrolyte inside membrane. The effects of chitosan:SiO2 weight ratio in preparation of porous chitosan-SiO2 membranes were investigated in this study. Porous chitosan membranes were prepared via ultrasonic mix solution-cast and phase inversion method using different SiO2 porogen removal weight ratio from 0.4-4.0. Porous chitosan membrane with chitosan:SiO2 weight ratio 1:2.0 (PC5) produced optimum pores with size of 8.5 ± 0.4 μm, as well as with an amorphous structure, the highest water uptake of (146.4 ± 7.3) %, good chemical interaction, thermal stability and tensile properties. Further soaking this membrane in 5.0 M NH4CH3COO electrolyte solution for 48 hours (PC5-5A48H) produced the highest conductivity ((4.5 ± 1.7) × 10-3), highest electrolyte uptake (308.6 ± 15.4 %), lowest activation energy (0.04 ± 0.002 eV), optimum breakdown voltage (1.8 V), good chemical interaction, morphology, amorphicity, thermal stability and tensile properties. Fabrication of coin cell proton battery using PC5-5A48H displayed an open circuit potential of 1.5 V for 7 days, maximum power density (6.7 mW cm-2), and small current resistance (0.03 Ω). Specific discharge capacities were obtained from discharge profile increment (23.4, 41.0, 44.6, and 47.7 mA h g-1) as the discharge currents increased (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mA). The output voltage of experimental and simulation of the two coin cell proton batteries combined in series connected with green light emitting diode was between 2.0-2.6 V.