Effects Of Selected Additives For Growth Efficiency On In Vitro Grown Vanilla Planifolia Andrews

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Date
2016-03
Authors
Goh, Foong Jing
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia Andrews is the economically important and second most expensive food ingredients in the worldwide. In previous studies, organic additives have shown their potential on promoting plant growth and development, however the detail studies of organic additive on plant growth and development of V. planifolia was limited. Thus, in this research, the effects of different selected organic additives were studied on the plant growth and development of V. planifolia Andrews. Improvement on the protocol for plant growth and proliferation of vanilla were carried out and finally to study the morphological differences between the in vitro and ex vitro plantlets. V. planifolia plant shoots were initially cultured on different strengths of MS, different concentrations of BAP, sucrose and different types of gelling to determine the best growth medium. The V. planifolia plantlets growth were recorded after eight weeks of treatment. Supplemented of ½ strength MS medium and supplementation of 20 g/L were efficient enough to promoted plant growth. Addition of 1.0 mg/L BAP was found to induce an average of 4.11 ± 0.36 shoots per explant. The four gelling agents used were found to have no significant effect on the plant growth of V. planifolia. There were seven types of organic additives were selected to study the effect of each additive towards the plant growth and development of the shoots explant. Inclusion of 10% coconut water into the medium was found to be the most effective for enhancement of V. planifolia plant growth. With an addition of 30% coconut water or tea leaf extract, the multiplication of V. planifolia plantlets was found to produce similar results with 4.26 ± 0.43 (coconut water) and 4.00 ± 0.86 (tea leaf extract) shoots per explant as compared to the basal medium with addition of 1 mg/L BAP. However, with the combinations of 1mg/L of BAP and 10% of coconut water, multiple shoots formation was able to increase about 30%. V. planifolia was able to perform 100% rooting without any plant growth regulator and organic additive. Sphagnum moss was found to be the more suitable potting medium as the survival rate of acclimatization of V. planifolia were able to archived 83.33% of survival rates. Histological studies and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to determine the morphological changes of V. planifolia on both in vitro and ex vitro plant leaves, stems and roots of V. planifolia. According to the histological analyses, there were structure differences in in vitro plantlets and ex vitro plants. Scanning electron micrograph displayed the underdevelop stomata of plantlets and existent of epicuticular wax surrounding the stomata. SEM also displayed the existent of raphides in V. planifolia. This study had shown the potential of organic additive that are not fully discovered as an alternative solution for enhancement of plant growth and development and also the morphological adaptation changes from in vitro condition to ex vitro condition which is vital for plant survival.
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Plant growth
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