Orthosiphon stamineus (benth) leaf extracts: antiinflammatory and analgesic studies
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Date
2006
Authors
Mun Fei, Yam
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic
activities of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves extracts and to determine the active
compounds. The dry powdered leaves of the plant were serially extracted with
petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. Anti-inflammatory study found that
chloroform extract caused the grĀ¢atest inhibition of carrageenan-induced hind paw
oedema in rats. The chloroform! extract was then fractionated into three fractions,
CF1, CF2 and CF3. Fraction CF2 was found to be the most effective in reducing
the hind paw oedema. In analgesic studies, it was found that treatment with
petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of 0. stamineus did not
significantly increased the reaction time in the hot plate and tail flick experiment as
compared to the control group. In the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia
experiment, treatment with the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts
did not significantly increased the pain threshold as compared to the control group.
The acetic acid-induced capillary permeability test demonstrated that treatment
with CF2 significantly decreased the i.v. administrated dye leakage to peritoneal
cavity. In histopathological examination, biopsies of the paws were taken at five
hours after carrageenan administration. The results s hawed that C F2 treatment
reduced the balloon degeneration and vesicle formation in the epidermis. In
carrageenan-induced nitric oxide experiment, treatment with CF2 significantly
reduced the plasma nitrite level in rats as compared to control group. HPLC
analysis suggested that CF2 contained eupatorin, sinensetin and
tetramethoxyflavone. CF2 which is rich of phenolic compound (4%) especially
flavonoids (3.4%) was able to scavenge the NO produced from sodium
nitroprusside (1Cso=0.3 mg/ml) and DPPH (IC50=0.1 mg/ml) in vitro. These findings
suggest that chloroform extract and chloroform fraction 2 (CF2) of Orlhosiphon
stamineus possess potent anti-inflammatory but not analgesic property.
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Keywords
Leaf extracts , Analgesic studies