Ecological Study Of Odonata In Manik Rambung Rice Fields North Of Sumatra, Indonesia
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Date
2015-06
Authors
SIREGAR, AMEILIA ZULIYANTI
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Abstract
The ecology of Odonata was investigated in three rice growing sites in Manik Rambung, Northern Sumatra. In larval study, 2156 individuals representing 19 species from three families were collected with a core sampler and an aquatic net. Orthetrum sabina was the most common species, followed by Agriocnemis femina, Pantala flavescens and A. pygmaea. There were significant differences of Odonata abundances among the sites, cultivation phases, rice growing seasons and sampling occasions (p<0.05) as well as between wet and dry seasons (Mann-Whitney, z=-2.206).
With the exception of phosphate, ammonia and sedimented ferrum, all environmental parameters recorded were significantly different among sites (p<0.05). The ecological indices showed Odonata species varied at each study sites [Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’=1.84-3.03); Simpson diversity (1-D=0.62-0.84); β-diversity (βW=0.301-0.593), Menhinick richness (R1=2.49-2.84); Margalef richness (R2=1.10-1.16), Pileou evenness (E=0.29-0.42), Jaccard similarity (Jc=1.45-2.25) and Importance Species Index (ISI=0.00-42.96)].
In adult study, three families comprising 23 odonate species were recorded in MRRF. Family Libellulidae was the richest with 13 species, followed by Coenagrionidae (8 species) and Gomphidae (2 species). Agriocnemis femina (Coenagrionidae) was the most abundant, then O. sabina, A. pygmaea and
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P. flavescens. The abundance of Odonata adults varied among the study sites, cultivation phases, rice growing seasons and sampling occasions at p<0.05. Calculated ecological indices (diversity, evenness, richness, similarity) also indicated varied populations of odonate species in each of study sites. Physiochemical variables (such as air temperature and wind velocity) were significantly different among the study sites (p<0.05).
Mark Release Recapture (MRR) technique was used to investigate the population of A. femina adults using Jolly-Seber method. The equal catchability Leslie, Chitty and Chitty Test satisfied the Jolly-Seber assumption of reliable population estimate. A total of 8105 of A. femina adults were marked and as many as 1192 individuals (14.71%) were recaptured which comprised of 63.27% male and 36.73% female. The estimated abundance of A. femina ranged from 90 to 2238 adults in the 2 rice growing seasons in MRRF. The average survival rates (male=0.560±0.023, female=0.523±0,021), daily survival rate (male=0.360±0.1056, female=0.282± 0.778), mean longevity (male=3.35 days, female=2.82-days) and life span (male=24.3 days, female=22.8) of the odonate were recorded. Agriocnemis femina was a weak and a short distance flyer with maximum flight distance estimated in this study approximately 10.77m.
In MRRF, 6 orders, 21 families, 34 taxa including 25 species of aquatic organisms were represented by 48,127 individuals. A stepwise multiple regression model had produced significant relationships A. femina and 14 aquatic organisms (Baetidae, Belostomatidae, Lumbricidae, Ceratopogonidae, A. pygmaeae, O. sabina, Veliidae, P.pruniosum, P.congener, Anopheles sp, T. aurora, Tipuidae, C. servilea and Nepidae) (R2=0.652; df=1439; F=190.598; p=0.000) in the rice field.
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Ecological Study Of Odonata , In Manik Rambung Rice Fields North Of Sumatra, Indonesia