Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral - Tesis

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High-Strength Interstitial Alloys
(1986-08)
Othman, Rusli
During nitriding of Mo powder. surface hardening of the sample due to the formation of b-MoN was observed. The sintered layer of S-MoN reduced the passage of nitrogen to the interior of the sample being completely nitrided and hence prevented it from only a thin layer of Mo powder was therefore completely nitrided to b-MoN in one run and so large scale production of b-MoN by this method is not possible.
A Study Of Corrosion Of Steels In Carbon Dioxide And Sulphide Solutions
(1993-08)
Abualmaali M. Y. Taher
The present investigation has been successful in resolving the controversy about CO2 corrosion of mild steel and 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel in brine solution with and without sulphur content. It has been observed that the corrosion behaviour of mild steel and 13% Cr stainless steel depends on the combination of CO2 pressure and sulphur content. The corrosion rate may increase or decrease depending upon a particular combination.
Kesan Zink Oksida (Zno) Ke Atas Sifat Seramik Hidroksiapatit
(2002-10)
Hasan Zuhudi Bin Abdullah
Dua bahan hidroksiapatit (HA) telah digunakan dalam penyelidikan ini iaitu HA 1 dan HA2, dan ini telah dibekalkan oleh dua pembekal yang berlainan. Kedua-dua bahan HA 1 dan HA2 dicampurkan dengan bahan tambah zink oksida (ZnO) sebanyak 10% berat. Semasa penyediaan spesimen, dua jenis bahan pengikat digunakan iaitu polivinil alkohol (PVA) dan polietilena glikol (PEG).
Multivariate Statistical Modeling On Industrial Dust Emissions From Quarries
(2012-08)
Izhar Abadi Ibrahim Rais
In this research, multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), reliability analysis (RA) and multivariate regression analysis (MRA) were applied for the development of new quarry dust model. These statistical techniques were employed to evaluate the variations and interpretation of large complex air quality data set of dust deposition surrounding quarry area, generated during 10 years (2000-2010) monitoring of 15 variables at 18 different quarry sites in Malaysia (5,610 observations).
Preparation, Characterization And Properties Of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Alumina Hybrid Nanocomposites
(2012-09)
Muhammad Helmi Bin Abdul Kudus
This work focuses on synthesis of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-alumina hybrid compound via methane decomposition process using nickel catalyst and study on the preparation and properties of MWCNT-alumina hybrid epoxy composite.
Growth And Physical Characterization Of Native Oxide Thin Film On N-Type Gallium Nitride Substrate By Ti-Iermal Oxidation In Nitrous Oxide Ambient
(2013-03)
Oon, Hooi Shy
Thermal oxidation of n-type GaN substrate in nitrous oxide (N20) ambient has been systematically investigated. The thermal oxidation process was performed in a horizontal quartz tube furnace under N20 ambient with now rate of 150 mL/min. The effects of oxidation times (30 - 120 min) and oxidation temperatures (700 - 1000C) on the thermal oxide grown on GaN were studied. Physical properties of the samples were then examined. Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to identify the oxide layer formed on top of the GaN. Based on the analysis, Ga203 and GaON compounds were formed when thermally oxidized GaN at 700 to 900°C. However, for GaN thermally oxidized at 1000°C, non-stoichiometry Ga.O, and/or GaxOyNz compounds were formed. Apart from that, field-emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope results revealed some distinct change on surface of all oxidized samples. The surface roughness of the oxide layer was also found to be increased with both the oxidation times and temperatures.
Development Of W03-Tio2 Nanotube Arrays For Water Electrolysis
(2013-03)
Lai Chin Wei
Solar hydrogen generation from water electrolysis is a key target for the development of sustainable hydrogen economy for future energy system. The formation of self-organized Ti02 nanotubes without bundling is essential for high efficiency In photoelectrochemical (PEC) water electrolysis application. Comprehensive investigations on different parameters, such as composition of electrolyte, anodization time, anodization voltage, anodization temperature and heat treatment temperature were conducted in order to control the specific architecture of nanotubes.
Effect Of Mechanical Activation On The Fluxing Properties Of Gua Musang Feldspar And Granite Quarry Dust
(2013-03)
Nordala, Phoumiphon
In the present study, mechanical activation was performed on samples of Gua Musang feldspar (GMF) and granite quarry dust (GQD). At first, GMF was milled for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, at 200, 300 and 400 rpm milling speeds. The powder obtained was then formed into pellets followed by firing at 1150, 1200 and 1250°C. From the milling and firing processes, 30 minutes was found to be the optimum time for milling. Therefore, in the milling process of GQD, 30 minutes was used at different milling speeds of200, 300 and 400 rpm. It was then fired at 1150, 1200 and 1250°C. At this stage, GQD was confirmed to be a suitable fluxing material as it can form a glassy phase and lower the firing temperature. Secondly, the process was followed by forming mixtures of GMF with ball clay (BC) and silica (SC) with a weight ratio of GMF 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.%. These mixtures were fired at 1100, 1150 and 1200°C. In the final part, a mixture of GQD and BC without silica (SC) were prepared due to the high amount of silica in GQD. A weight ratio of GQD 40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.% were chosen.
Modelling And Simulation Of Air Classifier Cement Manufacturing
(2014)
Ishak, Ku Esyra Hani Binti
The cement finish grinding circuit in cement manufacturing consumed the most electrical power in the cement industry. The total power consumption, however depends on the fineness of the grind, the particle size distribution and also the efficiency of the separation process of the ground particles. Improving the efficiency of the grinding and separation of the particles can give an improvement in the energy saving and cost reduction. The separation of particles is usually done by air classifier in a closed circuit. This thesis presents the development of a mathematical model that can describe the behavior of air classifier in the cement finish grinding circuit. Efficiency curves were used to model the high efficiency air classifier. The modelling work involves the taking of data in the full-scale plant. Industrial surveys were done to obtain data at the air classifier feed, air classifier reject and air classifier product. These data are important information in understanding how the air classifier behaves and helped in the development of the air classifier model. First, a review of mathematical modelling of air classifier is presented. Then, the results of the particle size distribution of from the testing are discussed. The efficiency curve was also developed. The simulator used is mainly based on the Whiten function to model the air classifier and predicts the reject and product output streams particle size distributions. The modelling of air classifier can be modelled in terms of dsoe, bypass, the fish hook and the sharpness of the curve.
Syedsalim, Sharifah Aishah
(2014-01)
January 2014
In this research, the effect of Zirconium ions (Zr4+) and Calcium ions (Ca2+) dopant on NiO was investigated. The electroceramic of Ni(l_;c)ZrxO, Ni(l_x)CaxO and Nio.9SZrO.o2CaO.OI was prepared by using solid state reaction method. Three main raw materials ofNiO, Zr02 and CaO were mixed for 24 hours, then were calcined at 1000°C. Ni(l_x)Zr.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Zno, V2O5 And Mno2 Nanostructures Photocatalysts On Polyetylene Terephthalate (Pet) Fiber For Degradation Of Rhb Dye
(2014-04)
Chan, Yim Leng
Increasing pollution into the water system particularly from textile industries and agriculture has become a source of health concern across the globe. Advanced oxidation process is a rapid developing research field for the application in degradation of organic the semiconductor's surface in the presence of UV or visible light irradiation. In order to utilize sunlight effectively for organic pollutants removal, the photocatalytic activities of wide bandgap semiconductor (ZnO. Eg =3.37 eV) and narrow bandgap semiconductors (MnO2. Eg = 1.00 to I.<30 eV and polymorphs of MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using hydrothermal method by adjusting the ratio of KM11O4 and MnSO4. The photodegradation of RhB solution by these semiconductor nanoparticles followed first order kinetic. Under UV irradiation. ZnO has good photodegradation efficiency (0.034 min'1). On the other hand. V2O.s nanorods and p- MnO2 nanoparticles degraded RhB dye under visible light with rate constant of 0.01 5 min'1 and 0.022 min'1 respectively. A relined photodegradation model of RhB solution by these semiconductor photocatalysts is proposed. Two processes, i.e. N-deethylation and cycloreversion happen simultaneously during the photodegradation of RhB solution.
Evaluation And Production Of Dolime And Magnesia From Rimba Mas Dolomite Perlis
(2014-05)
Ariffin, Hamdan
Dolomite deposit of Rimba Mas, Perlis is one of the major, high quality and significant resource in Malaysia with total inferred reserve of 630 million metric tonne, and normally exploited for low-end as grits for agriculture and construction industries. In this research, evaluation for potential of value-added product development of the resource for high-end and advanced product applications in higher economic sector were envisaged and explored especially for calcined and high quality compound of Magnesia (MgO) production. Geologically, petrographically and chemically indicated that Rimba Mas indeed a high grade dolomite rock (>99.0%) and often with marginal impurities (,0.6%). The lime (CaO), Magnesia and LOI (C02) contents are generally 32.78%,20.01% and 46.6% respectively. Generally, dolime (MgO.CaO) of the resource is absolutely acceptable and possessed a good calcination value, attained at optimum temperature of about 1000°C@90 minutes soaking time, a low decrepitating «1.00%) and settling rate. Qualitative and quantitative XRD analyses (using rietveld method) performed on the similar batch of dolime also show the similar trends, where the total amount of MgO and Mg(OH)2 components are significantly high about 46.50% with the lowest CaC03 «6.50%) fraction. Whilst, re-carbonation test have successfully generated high pure MgO compound. Initial test also proved the possibility of Magnesia extraction through the modified Pattinson's process route is feasible with the yield over 99.00%, however additional test works and economic evaluation are necessary.
The Effect Of Natural Weathering Exposure And Hygrothermal Aging On The Properties Of Pultruded Hybrid Glass/Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
(2014-06)
Osman, Muhammad Razak
By using pultrusion technique, three types of pultruded composites at 70 V/V% fibre loading have been produced which are pultruded kenaf fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (PKRC), pultruded glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (PGRC) and pultruded glass/kenaf fibre hybrid reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (PGKRC). The objective of this study is to determine the behavior of PGKRC as compared to PKRC and PORC after being subjected to natural weathering exposure of 200 days and six weeks of hygrothermal aging in distilled water at 65°C. In natural weathering exposure study, PGRC specimens recorded the least absorbed moisture while PKRC specimens showed the highest. PGKRC specimens took place in between these two specimens but closer to the PGRC instead of PKRC. Similar pattern were observed in the hygrothermal aging study. Flexural and compression tests carried out on all the three types of specimen had shown a decrement in mechanical properties after a prolonged exposure. Moisture invasion is the major factor that weakened the fibre-matrix interfaces which led to mechanical properties reduction and it acts differently for different types of pultruded composites due to the nature of the constituent fibres and the arrangement of the pultruded hybrid composites. The effects of different layering pattern in PGKRC were also studied and concluded based on the resulted mechanical properties.
Preparation And Properties Of Mica Filled Virgin And Recycled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (Epdm) Composites
(2014-06)
Ishak, Sarah
The properties of single filler system (mica or talc) and hybrid filler system micaJCB and micaJHNTs filled virgin EPDM and recycled EPDM were investigated. In the first series, EPDM/mica composites show better tensile strength, tensile modulus, swelling resistance and thermal properties as compared to EPDM/taic composites and the optimum value of tensile strength and tensile modulus of EPDM/mica composite was found at 50 phr of fillers. In the second series, the result reveals tensile strength, tensile modulus, swelling resistance and thermal stability properties were better for EPDM/mica composites with silane compared to EPDM/mica composites without silane. The results for third series reported scorch time (t52) decreased with increasing r-EPDM content whereas minimum torque (ML)' maximum torque (MH), cure time (t90), swelling resistance and thermal stability showed the opposite trend. The optimum properties of tensile strength and tensile modulus occurred at EPDM70/r-EPDM30 blends ratio which was proven in SEM micrograph. In the last series, the results indicated t52 and t90 decreased, whereas, ML increased with the addition of CB and HNTs loading in the blends system.
Fabrication And Characterization Of Embedded Gold Nanoparticles In Metal Contacts For Silicon And Silicon Carbide-Based Devices
(2014-06)
Gorji, Mohammad Saleh
Embedding metal nanoparticles (NPs) into metal contacts, at the interface with semiconductor, is an alternative method for modification of Schottky barrier height (SBH) in electrical contacts and offers a tremendous simplification and adaptation in processing steps. Schottky barrier diodes with aluminum (Al) contacts embedded with gold (Au) NPs on n- and p-type silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (4H-SiC) substrates were fabricated and their physical and electrical characteristics were investigated. Based on the studies on Si surface contact angle measurement and the negative zeta-potential values of seeded growth 20 nm Au NPs, an alternative approach was proposed to deposit Au NPs on linker-free n- and p-Si substrates using spin-coating technique. Density of NPs (determined by scanning electron microscope) on n-Si was substantially higher than p-Si which was due to the differences in surface properties of n- and p-Si. Current-voltage analysis of diodes revealed an increase in current density in both bias directions due to NPs local electric field enhancement effect and SBH lowering (0.1 1 eV for n- and 0.05 eV for p-Si). The electrical results were then correlated to the structural properties of Al/Si (determined by transmission electron microscope). Higher density of 5 and 10 nm Au NPs were deposited on SiC surface by using acidification technique with diluted HF. Al/4H-SiC diodes showed great improvement in SBH lowering (0.09 eV for n- and 0.24 eV for p-4H-SiC) and hence forward bias current density elevation while maintaining the rectification properties in reverse bias.
Joining Of Alumina-Based Composite To 6061 Aluminum Alloy By Friction Welding
(2014-06)
Safarzadeh, Marjan
The present research is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of using the friction welding of mullite and Alumina-Mullite composite with 6061 Alalloy, and subsequently determining their microstructural and mechanical properties. During the process, friction force (1000 bar) and friction time (30 Sec) were held constant while the rotational speed was varied. Ceramic rods aluminium rods were machined down to get the require dimension and then polished. Sintering behaviour of ceramic samples were investigated. It was concluded that the mullite rods didn't join to 6061 Al-alloy due to the low fracture toughness of the mullite. Thus, fracture toughness was improved through the composite of Alumina-Mullite. Welding process was carried out under two different rotational speeds (1250 and 1800rpm) and the effect of increasing rotational speed on microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties of Alumina-Mullite composite/6061 Al-alloy joined was evaluated. It was observed that a good microstructure with higher mechanical properties (microhardness and bending strength) were achieved from the joining of Alumina-Mullite composite with 6061 Al-alloy at higher rotational speed (1800 rpm). The mechanisms of failure at the fracture surfaces revealed different feature at different speed. At the higher speed dimple and ductile formed which implies the plastic deformation.
Preparation And Properties Of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Soya Bean Flour Biodegradable Film
(2014-09)
Suki, Fairus Mazlia Mat
In this research, a new polymer blend based on soya bean flour (SBF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was prepared using solution casting method. Initially, the SBF content was varied from 10 to 40 wt %. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVAlSBF blend films were lower, but the tensile modulus was higher than that of unfilled PVA film. This was mainly because of the presence of SBF in the blend. The PVAlSBF blend films showed higher water barrier properties with increasing SBF content. Biodegradability tests revealed that the presence of SBF stimulated the degradation rate and caused the weight loss of the PVAlSBF blend films. Secondly, the effectiveness of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as crosslinker on PVAlSBF blend films was compared to the non crosslinked PVA/SBF blend films. The crosslinked PVAlSBF blend films showed better tensile and water barrier properties. This was attributed to the effectiveness of HMTA in the blend. Natural weathering test revealed that the presence of HMTA did not significantly affect the weatherability of the PVAlSBF blend films. But, in soil burial test the weight loss of non-crosslinked blend films was higher than crosslinked blend films. Thirdly, banana frond flour (BFF) and halloysite nanotubes (I-INT) were added as filler to form ternary blend system. PVAlSBF/HNT blend films show better properties in tensile and water barrier because HNT have higher aspect ratio and provided more interaction sites. Degradability for both blend films were increased with increasing filler content after subjected to degradation test. Lastly, BFF was treated by alkaline treatment. Better tensile and water barrier properties were obtained by the treated PVAlSBF/BFF blend films. This result might due to the better compatibility and interaction of treated BFF and PVAlSBF matrix. Besides that, the higher water barrier properties of treated PVAlSBFIBFF blend films were contributed to reduction of the film degradation.
Preparation And Properties Of Rubber Seed Shell Flour (Rssf)Filled Polypropylene (Pp) Composites
(2014-09)
Shafiq, Mohamad Danial
In this research, rubber seed shell flour (RSSF) was incorporated in polypropylene (PP) to determine the composites with optimum properties. RSSF loadings were varied from 10 php to 40 php to study the effect of adding RSSF on processing, tensile, morphological, flexural, impact, water absorption and thermal properties of PP/RSSF composites. In the second series, the effect of adding polyethylene copolymerized with acrylic acid (PE-co-AA) was studied, on the properties of PPIRSSF composites. Phthalic anhydride (PA) was added as a compatibilizer separately in PPIRSSF composites in the third series. In the next series, epoxidized vegetable oil (EVO) was added as a compatibilizer in PP/RSSF with fixed amount of 7 php. Preparation of the composites has been conducted in Haake Polydrive internal mixer with the temperature of 180°C using rotor speed of 50 rpm. The addition of RSSF in the composites increased the stabilization torque in PP composites. Furthermore, compatibilization of PPIRSSF composites with PE-co-AA and p A increased the stabilization torque of PPIRSSF. Somehow, the presence of EVO reduced the stabilization torque resulted from flexible and long chain of EVO. The addition of RSSF in PP reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break, somehow, the Young's modulus is improved. This is mainly caused by incompatibility of PP and RSSF resulted to poor interfacial adhesion. Clear observations were presented in SEM micrograph of tensile fracture surface. The incorporation of RSSF in PP has increased the water absorption of the composites xxiv due to the presence of lignocelluloses in RSSF, which possibly creates hydrogen bonding with water.
Evaluation And Processing Of Gold At Pulai Mining, Gua Musang, Kelantan
(2014-11)
Eang, Khy Eam
Gold mining is the important activities that create economic growth and development of the country. Effective method in gold processing is the key part in gold mining. At Pulai Mining Sdn Bhd, gold recovery is poor and it is believed that some percentage of gold lost into the tailing. This study involves characterization of samples from the area and suggests the suitable processing method to recover gold and iron with mining impacts to the environment. In this research, tailing and palong samples are studied and the following methodology is applied: laboratory sampling, mineral characterization and alluvial gold processing and then found the recovery of gold after the results of analysis and processing. Result shows that the tailing sample composed of 0.020 % of AU20 in flaky shape presented in fraction size <2.36 mm. No gold was found in palong sample (taken from middle of palong) due to its good design. Based on XRD result, tailing sample consists of hematite (FC203) 44.20 %, quartz low (Si02) 32.90 %, pyrrhotite high (FeO.lJ8SS) 13 %, pyrite (FeS2) 9 % and magnetite (Alo.IFe2.46Mgo.4204Tio.03) 0.90 %, whereas palong sample consists of quartz low (Si02) 74.60 %, hematite (Fe203) 21. 70 %, magnesium aluminum sulfide (AhMgS4) 3.20 % and pyrite (FeS2) 0.60 %.
Fabrication Of Porous Ceramic Foam As Catalyst Support For Hydrotalcite In The Production Of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (Fame)
(2014-12)
Sharif, Sharmiwati Mohammed
The increasing demand for liquid petrol fuels, as well as their higher price, biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source. The classic ways of producing biodiesel have certain difficulties and disadvantages such as that determined researchers for finding alternative technologies for its production. Thus, upgraded technology of biodiesel production has been proposed. The tubular porcelain catalyst as the catalyst support and hydrotalcite as the heterogeneous catalyst were prepared. Analyses have been done including the methods of preparation of the tubular ceramic support with the replication polymeric sponge method, characterization of mechanical and microstructure properties of tubular ceramic support and the application on the transesterification of commercial palm cooking oil to biodiesel. T

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