Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Monograf

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Pengelog data untuk multi-meter digital
(2004-03-01)
Lai, Thiam Hee
A normal multimeter is used to measure the voltage and current of certain circuits and also the resistance across certain lines. As the world of electronics evolves, multimeter evolved from analog to digital. But how to incoporate the data measured from a digital multimeter into a computer? The answer to the above question is the datalogger of the digital multimeter. The datalogger is connected into the digital multimeter so that the data measured can be stored into its memory. Before the era of datalogger, some latest digital multimeters have serial interface ready. By linking the interface to the computer, one can get the recording of oscilloscope for slow signals. On the downside, the computer has to be present at the measurement location, and left running all the time. Besides, the digital multimeter occupies the serial port during the entire measurement. These disadvantages certainly points to wastage of computer resources. The datalogger designed will be free of these disadvantages. It can automatically captures the discrete measurement values supplied by the digital multimeter and puts them into permanent storage. When the need arises, the contents of the datalogger will then be downloaded into computer for data manipulation.
Antena pintar
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Ahmad Khairol Azhani
This project is about a developing an antena. It’s called smart antenna. This antenna has 6 patch element on it. Smart antenna having a wide angular range and high gain value that is 6 dBic. Smart antenna has a pattern that is not fixed, but adapts to the current radion conditions. The technique is a simple switching between predefined beams to optimum beamforming. This technique can decrease power loss because the beam is only be radiated toward the user only, the power radiated in other directions will be exprienced as interference by other users. Smart antenna will directing a beam toward the comunication partner only. Smart antena can increase the capacity, increase the range,prepare a new service, security and reduced multipath propagation. Smart antenna be designed as thin, compact, small and simple because it will be mounted on bullet train, ship and car roof.
Investigate instability behaviour in high power ldmos power amplifier
(2005-03-01)
Ab Rahman, Ida Idyuni
In this thesis the models of LDMOS power amplifier was been investigated using Advanced Design System (ADS) version 2004A software from Agilent Technologies for operation below 1 GHz frequency range. There are two models considered in this project. Both of the models were provided by Motorola. The two models are RD01MUS1 and RD07MVS1 based on a 59 mil LDMOS transistor using type of FR4 PCB Board. Large signal simulations of both models have demonstrated results, which lead to the conclusion that, these models cannot be efficiently utilised for design of input and output matching networks using Unilateral value for Conjugate Matching. However, there are other matching applications; Load Line Matching and Load Pull Analysis that can be used that have not been explored yet by the researcher due to time constraint. Hence, it is important to take into account during new processes of LDMOS as well as to improve the CAD model. The final conclusion regarding LDMOS cannot be made just based on these simulation results, since they are not in accordance with the published ones. The next step should be aimed at improving the model and further investigation of LDMOS to prove their ability to operate with optimum efficiency in above1 GHz frequency range.
Indeks barah payudara menggunakan rangkaian neural hmlp
(2005-03-01)
Syed Radzuan, Syed Firdaus
Breast cancer is one of the major disease that contribute death among women around the globe nowadays. To solve this matter, breast cancer index is introduced. This software calculate the probability of someone being affected by breast cancer. Hybrid multilayered perceptron (HMLP) neural network is used to diagnosed and checked the data got from researchers. Besides that, by combining HMLP together with modified recursive prediction error (MRPE), this network will choose the optimum weight to get precise calculation and near to the real value. HMLP network is used because of its high confidence percentage and high accuracy if compared to other neural network. On top of that, this network is still new and the latest in neural network world. All the algorithms are programmed using Borland C++ Builder software. This software is an interface for the user who wishes to use this breast cancer software.
Double balanced quadrature subharmonic cmos mixer for wcdma direct conversion receiver
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Resali, Mohd Sofwan
This report describes a sub-harmonic mixer for WCDMA applications. The circuit converts a 2GHz RF signal directly to baseband using a 1GHz LO frequency. The mixer operates in the quadrature double-balanced mode and requires octet-phase (0', 45', 90', 135', 180', 225', 270', and 315') local oscillator (LO). However the design of the octetphase LO is not in the scope of this project. In this project, the inputs representing the LO signals are obtained from the generators. For linearity improvement, predistortion compensation and negative feedback scheme are used in the frequency down-conversion circuits. The mixer achieves a conversion gain of 2dB, 3.69-dBm IIP3,0.69dBm P1dB in the WCDMA Rx band (2110-2170 MHz). The performance has been verified using SpectreRF simulation.
Rekabentuk penguat hingar rendah (lna) cmos beraruhan merosot bebezaan penuh untuk penerima wcdma
(2005-03-01)
Law, Eng Hui
A 2.1 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA), intended for use in a Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) receiver has been implemented in 0.18μm RF process. The amplifier provides a forward gain (S21) of 11.42dB with a noise figure of only 1.7dB and drawing 12.66mA from a 1.8V supply voltage. The 1dB-compression point of the LNA is -9.82dB. In this thesis, detailed analysis of the LNA architecture will be presented. The LNA employed an inductive source degeneration topology, that is, a degenerative inductor is used to provide 50Ω input impedance matching. An advantage of this method is that unlike other methods, it does not bring with it the thermal noise of an ordinary resistor because a pure reactance is noiseless. This LNA uses differential architecture rather than single-ended architecture to provide better common-mode rejection ratio. The main problem faced in the project was to obtain a 50Ω input and output impedance while maintaining the gain to be in the range of 10dB to 15dB. This gain specification is to ensure that the LNA provide enough gain but not too high as to avoid nonlinearity that can cause distortion. LNA should not consume too much power to have good portability. Finally, the performance of the designed low noise amplifier meets all of the specification.
Sistem pemprosesan imej perubatan
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Rohaida
Breast cancer is one of the main causes to women death nowadays. Medical specialist uses mammogram and ultrasound screening to detect and identifying the breast tumour. Cervical cancer is second causes to women death. Pap test is used to detect the biological changes of cervical cell. However, sometime medical specialist faces difficulties in analyzing the mammogram, ultrasound and Pap smear images. Medical images, which are analyzed by Radiologist and Patalogist are normally affected by unwanted noise and blur such as blood and sometimes the images are too dark or too bright. These factors contribute to error diagnosis or screening. Therefore, project proposes “Medical Images Processing System” using Borland C++ Builder version 6 to increase the problems. This user-friendly system is developed to improve the weaknessess which occur during the medical images processing. Image processing techniques such as filtering are provided in the system, contrast enhancement, boundary segmentation and edge detection. The results show that the proposed succesfully improved the tumour contrast, segmented the tumour, detected the tumour edges and reduce unwanted noise of the medical images.
Sistem paparan kesihatan menggunakan borland c++ builder
(2005-03-01)
Karen Then, Miaw Wah
This project is implemented to develop a user-friendly health indicator system. The system is a graphical user interface (GUI) built using the Borland C++ Builder software. The system is to assist physicians and other medical personnel to monitor a patient’s vital signs namely the patient’s blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen level concentration in blood and heart beat rate by just glimpsing at one screen instead of having to scrutinize four separate equipments in order to get readings. In general, the system is made up of three main modules which includes; a search module, real-time monitoring module and recovery module. The search module encompasses a box to key in the patient’s name or ID and a search button to locate the patient’s file. The real-time monitoring module shows the current measurements of the health parameters on the screen. Each parameter has an alarm that will flicker should any abnormalities occur. In practical, this system should be hooked up to hardwares that interpret signals acquired from the patient and measurements are stored in a source file. Thus, this system is also implemented to retrieve the measurements from the source file and present it on the screen in numerical and graphical form.
Pengenalpastian parasit malaria
(2005-03-01)
Syed Zainal Abidin, Syed Muhamad Hatmi
In the medical field we have the technicians to analyze all the data acquired from test sample. All of this sample will then sorted and analyze for any symptom of diseases. So, for a human eye to do this work for hours and hundreds of sample is very tedious and tiring. Also cases of error in diagnosis will commonly occur. Lab technician need to spend at least half an hour to scan each slide and this is very time consuming. Sensitivity of the human eye is only about forty percent. Even so, technicians can read not more than 20 slides per day because this leads to eye fatigue and incorrect reading. As the solutions, the development of software to analyze each sample of blood is needed to overcome this problem. The software will work to scan the entire sample according to the symptom or criteria of malaria parasites. For this project, the criteria’s and characteristic of the malaria parasite must be considered to identify whether the sample of blood is affected by the malaria parasite. After the parasites have been detected, the amount of the parasite will be count to determine the total amount of malaria parasite in the blood sample. This software will act like any human technicians or analyzer would do. This is done by analyzing the sample using the technique of image processing which will be implementing in a C++ Builder-object oriented programming. With the use of the system, it should reduce any error in diagnosis. Also we can analyze much more sample than any average human eye would do.
Pembangunan aplikasi sistem pencerapan data berasaskan sistem pelantar linux
(2005-03-01)
Mustafa, Anuar
This project is about the development of an application for data acquisition by using Linux as the platform. Linux is used as a platform to develop applications on data logger, data communication and the analyse of data. The development of these processes is by using C programming language as the main programming. Other than that, some other programs in the Linux is used to help in the development of this data acquisition. The objective of this project is to analyse data on a real-time system. In other words, the development of this project is to create an application on data acquisition which can be connected between two computers by using Linux as the main platform. Linux is being used in conjunction with the widely used of Linux operating system in modern industries other than Windows operating system. The project that being developed can read a sequence of data, process the data received and save them in a file. This simple data acquistion system is a real-time system which consists of data collecting from a data generating simulation process, the serial communication between two computers, the data processing and the output storage in the computer.
Development of a pressure-based typing biometrics system for user authentication
(2005-03-01)
Loy, Chen Change
Password authentication is the most prevalently used identification system in today’s cyber world. In spite of the popularity of this approach there are many inherent flaws. The password plays the role as the key to a lock; anyone who has it can gain successful access. Additionally, passwords can be easily cracked, guessed, stolen or deliberately shared. To minimize the risk of intrusion, keystroke dynamics can be used to complement this popular authentication method. As the name implies, it is an automated biometric method that analyzes the way a person types on a keyboard. There have been a lot of studies on using keystroke timing characteristics to verify the identity of a user. In this project keystroke pressure (the amount of force exerted on each key pressed) was employed, and its performance was compared with that of the conventional keystroke timings-based technique. The project also investigated the use of combined keystroke pressure and latency for the identification process. In order to measure the forces exerted during typing, a pressure-sensitive keyboard system was developed. A user interface that simulates actual login environment was used to collect data from 100 users. All users were requested to enter the same password. Three different classification methods were applied, namely Logistic Regression (LR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) neural networks. The results were very encouraging, with a maximum accuracy rate of 93.9% achieved by using FAM. Keystroke latency gave better results than keystroke pressure, but using both techniques together yielded the best results, with False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of 0.87% and False Rejection Rate (FRR) of 4.4%. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods are promising, and that the keystroke pressure is a viable and practical way to add more security to conventional typing biometrics authentication system.
Development of web-based e-learning on design of experiment technique; case of randomized complete block design (rcbd)
(2005-03-01)
Muhd. Nordin, Nor Ilyana
In research and development, often half of the resources are spent on solving optimization problems. With the rapidly rising costs of making experiments, it is essential that the optimization is done with as few experiments as possible. This is one important reason why Design of Experiments (DOE) is needed. In certain field there are circumstances in which the experimenter would like to screen factors to decide which are the most important. In these situations the engineering model of DOE is useful. These all signify the importance of DOE. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and Latin Square Design are DOE blocking techniques. This project has a vision of educating its viewer through a different environment of learning the subject of RCBD and Latin Square Design. Materials are explored from various resources that can be found in books and in the internet just to ensure the webpage provide sufficient and refer to reliable information. It proved that the materials included in the webpage combines all resources so that the webpage is ensured to cover entire concept behind both topics. With interactive links to relate one slide to the other, viewers are directed clearly from one page to the other until they have covered the whole topics in RCBD and Latin Square Design that stated in the research scope. Besides, there are also sections to test the understanding of the viewer that are named after “Do It Yourself”. In this section, complete solutions are provided for each problem, so that the viewer can check their solution with the solutions provided in the webpage. Other than learning, there are also slides provided for relaxations that are named after “Take 5”. These slides provide refreshment for viewers because its contents can lighten up their mind. Moreover, the overall structure of the webpage is well organized and viewers are ensured not to getting lost while surfing the webpage. The whole webpage design, development and its content are arranged in a way that is hoped to facilitate and add up to viewers’ awareness of the concept behind the application of RCBD and Latin Square Design. Above all, the webpage is expected to give new and clear lessons for those who are not familiar with the subject and also add up to current knowledge of the subject for those who familiar with the subject. It is also hoped that the webpage can be recommended as one of the useful resources for RCBD and Latin Square Design.
Pembangunan kawalan suai dalam-talian untuk sistem kawalan kelajuan motor dalam matlab melalui basic stamp
(2005-03-01)
Rifin, Rozi
This project presents a Local Output Local Recurrent Globally Feedforward Neural Network (LOLRGF) for real time control implementation which is DC motor speed control. The on-line indirect adaptive control scheme is developed and neural network is used as compensator in the closed loop system to control nonlinear processes. The LOLRGF neural network was trained using Recursive Prediction Error (RPE) algorithm in order to output process follow the behavior of set point tracking beside to minimize an offset as small as possible. A continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used to develop, modeling and designing neural network compensator in simulation to determine the best output process according to network size, learning parameters and network connection. The DC motor speed control system will be adapted in the model to substitute CSTR process and observation regarding to output system behavior are implemented for real time application. In this investigation, MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used in control schemes development, modeling, analysis and design. This software also acts as controlling medium for DC motor speed control system which use Basic Stamp 2 as microcontroller.
Low bit rate speech coding using tms320c6416
(2005-03-01)
Mahamad Haniffah, Mohamad Habib
The title of the project is Low Bit Rate Speech Coding Using TMS320C6416 DSP Processor. The scope of this project is divided into two main parts. Part one involves the study of the TMS320C6416 DSP processor. My task was to understand the architecture of this board and complete the tutorials in Code Composer Studio (CCS). The second part is concerned with the sampling of speech signal (analog signal) at different sampling frequencies and to study its effects on the quality of the reconstructed speech signal. Initially MATLAB and SIMULINK were used to sample the speech file and to study the effect of variation in sampling frequency on the quality of the speech signal and its waveform. Later, the sampling process is implemented in real time using the TMS320C6416 DSP Processor. Three sampling frequencies were chosen which are 8000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 2000 Hz. The results were divided into two sections; before real-time implementation and after real-time implementation. The comparison of the quality of the sampled audio signal was carried out for the three sampling frequencies as mentioned earlier. Two methods were used to measure the quality of the reconstructed audio signal. First, fifteen students were chosen to rate their score for the quality of the reconstructed signal. The score range was from 1(bad) to 5(excellent). Secondly, scope was used to display the waveform of the original and reconstructed signal. The results showed that the quality of the sound degrades from 8000 Hz to 2000 Hz.
Penyingkiran ammonia, cod, ferum dan zink dengan menggunakan kombinasi zeolit dan karbon teraktif
(2005-03-01)
Sudar, Terry Solle
Leachate is the waste water that discharged through the solid waste of the landfill. The leachates have a high composition of pollutants such as ammonium, chloride, sulphate, ferrum, cadmium, zinc, lead and also the high level of BOD and COD. Thus, the effective treatment procedure is being introduced to ensure the minimum effect of water pollution. This research discusses the results of removal of ammonium, COD, iron and zinc by using the combination of zeolite and activated carbon as the removal.The research is important to identify the suitable substances for pollutant removal of leachate. The main objective of this research is to obtain the level of effectiveness and the best combination for zeolite and activated carbon in the leachate treatment process. Meanwhile, this research also use to identify the size and the optimum quantity of both combination of these two substances in order to achieve the high level of effectiveness by referred to the producing adsorption isotherm of Freundlinch and Langmuir. Beside that, the result also showed the percentage of removal for COD, ammonium, ferum and zinc which is the combination of 0.3g zeolite and 0.1g activated carbon are the best combination to remove ammonia, COD and zinc with 60%, 57% and 55% of total percentage respectively. While the combination of 0.1g zeolite and 0.3g activated carbon is the best combination to remove iron with 70% of total percentage. The outcomes of this research are suitable for more commercial way of leachate treatment in the future because of it efficiency and the reduction of costs.
An analysis of two dimensionality reduction techniques on the performance of neural network classifiers
(2005-03-01)
Ong, Siok Lan
This project involves an analysis of the effectiveness of two dimensionality reduction techniques, i.e., Principal Component Analysis as the standard approach and Random Projection as a recent technique. The study is based on the performance of two supervised neural network classifiers i.e., Standard Backpropagation and Fuzzy ARTMAP. A set of benchmark and real medical databases are used to evaluate the performance of the neural network models. The performance indicators used are percentage of correct classification, purity, and collective entropy. The Student’s two-tailed paired t-test is used to compare the significance of differences of the results. Based on the estimated 95% confidence intervals, a strong decision which eventually leads to a convincing conclusion on the performance of the dimensionality reduction techniques can be obtained. The perceived experimental results especially from the real medical data sets are encouraging enough to prove that Random Projection exhibits good performance as a dimensionality reduction technique. Surprisingly, Random Projection is effective on low dimensional data, and the outcomes are as good as Principal Component Analysis. A discussion on generalization of the results obtained is included, and a conclusion ensues. Recommendations are also included for further improvements and enhancements in the analysis of dimensionality reduction techniques.
Design of a 200watts, 12volts output voltage buck-boost dc-dc converter for photovaltaic application
(2005-03-01)
Lau, Phooi San
Solar energy becomes a very important source of power energy as the other power sources especially petroleum is decreasing. This brings to development of photovoltaic applications. To widen the usage of photovoltaic application, buckboost converter is an important device to stabilize performance of photovoltaic application that is depends on intensity of the sunshine. A buck-boost converter with 200W and 12V DC output voltage has been designed in this project to help in mentioned problem. This project included design of buck-boost converter, simulation of the circuit and building of hardware. SG 3524 is selected as the SMPS controller for the buck-boost converter. To generate square-wave from SG 3524, simple control circuit had to be designed and connected to the chip. Two types of switch, which are MOSFET and BJT, have been used to decide the most suitable configuration to drive a buck-boost converter. From experiments, PNP BJT is chosen as switch and drives the converter successfully. The output meets expected 12V DC output from varying input between 6V and 20V. Efficiency of this converter is varying between 91% and 47% depends on the varying input voltage. With this buck-boost converter, the input voltage can be stabilized at level 12V by controlled of duty cycle of switching waveform.
Theory and application of magneto-optic techniques in the non contact measurement of current
(2005-03-01)
Munusamy, Narayanan
Although the use of semiconductor magnetic sensors and fiber optical devices for making quantitative industrial controls, navigation systems, medical imaging and land mine detection have been long established. There exists a body of other measurement capabilities for such devices, which have gone generally unnoticed. These involve measurement of current, charge carrier, magnetic flux, voltage and power which may be generally referred to as electrical quantities. The semiconductor magnetic sensors used to detect changes in current as big as 10.0A and on the other hand, the photo detector used to detects changes in light due to the variation of current as small as 1.0mA. Because of the measurement occurs contact less and a high temporal resolution is achievable, this sensor and optical techniques can open up a new perspectives in the field of real-time production metrology, for example controlling DC motor or a chemical process with saves in consuming time, manpower and money.
Mengecam dan membezakan tahap kematangan buah pisang menggunakan antena hon, pemuat dan rangkaian neural
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Jadi, Noorasimah
Antenna, capacitor and neural network can be used to classify and differentiate the maturity level of fruits. In accomplishing this project, there are two pyramidal horn antennas, one acts as a transmitter and the other acts as a receiver. The transmitter is connected to a signal generator while the receiver is connected to a spectrum analyzer as it will measure the microwave propagation towards the material that was tested which is a banana. At the same time the value of the capacitance of the banana is measured by using two parallel plates where the banana acts as dielectric. Then these two plates were connected to a RCL meter which is used to measure the banana capacitance of each maturity level. Lastly both data that were collected are used to train the neural network in classifying and differentiate the maturity level of the banana. Multilayer Perceptron is chosen as the type of neural network that was used in this project. MATLAB is another tool that will be used to train the neural network until the network to differentiate the fruit maturity level.
Design of a teaching kit for speed and position control of dc motor
(2005-03-01)
Gunasekaran, Pramila
Direct-current (DC) motors are the first type of motor built and still being used widely. Although, DC motor is more expensive compare to other motors, it is suitable for certain type of control system compare to other motors. The greatest advantage of DC motors is speed control and position control. Basically, these projects are divided into two parts: hardware implementation and software implementation. The hardware implementation is where signal applied will control speed and position by PID controller and the output will be displayed in the digital oscilloscope. This project also requires software implementations to display output signal in the computer panel which involves two microcontroller program. The microcontroller then programmed as an ADC converter and as serial data transmitter, also including Borland C++ Builder to plot a graph of the output signal taken.

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