Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Monograf

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Pengelog data untuk multi-meter digital
(2004-03-01)
Lai, Thiam Hee
A normal multimeter is used to measure the voltage and current of certain circuits and also the resistance across certain lines. As the world of electronics evolves, multimeter evolved from analog to digital. But how to incoporate the data measured from a digital multimeter into a computer? The answer to the above question is the datalogger of the digital multimeter. The datalogger is connected into the digital multimeter so that the data measured can be stored into its memory. Before the era of datalogger, some latest digital multimeters have serial interface ready. By linking the interface to the computer, one can get the recording of oscilloscope for slow signals. On the downside, the computer has to be present at the measurement location, and left running all the time. Besides, the digital multimeter occupies the serial port during the entire measurement. These disadvantages certainly points to wastage of computer resources. The datalogger designed will be free of these disadvantages. It can automatically captures the discrete measurement values supplied by the digital multimeter and puts them into permanent storage. When the need arises, the contents of the datalogger will then be downloaded into computer for data manipulation.
E-commerce within 3d environment
(2005-03-01)
Khaw, Kien Weng
With the advent of cheap and fast computer, the notion of 3D graphics has been very popular lately, from video games to weather simulations to movies that give us a glimpse of virtual reality. The World Wide Web has gained even more popularity. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) was born to solve this problem: how to put compelling 3D onto every PC connected to the Web. One of the effective applications of 3D on the Web is 3D ECommerce. Most of the E-Commerce web sites currently available on the internet are presenting their products to their customers using 2D images. Due to the limitations of text and 2D graphics, the customers can just have a vague picture of the product. They could not really know how the product looks like in reality. With 3D environment or virtual reality, the customer of the E-Commerce web site may rotate a product to have a 360-degree view of that product. Rather than a 2D image, the customer can choose how to look at the model or world, the viewer can navigate the world and the most interesting is the file size can often be much less. 3D E-commerce presents the most realistic and detailed view of products to customers. This project is to investigate the feasibility of E-Commerce within 3D environment. In this project, e-commerce within 3D environment is developed. A case study of a furniture shop is considered in this project. VRML is used to develop the 3D objects and environment in the project. In order to provide text and navigation aids to help the user read about and interact with the VRML world, the web site is developed by integrating the VRML world with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) text. Just like any other typical e-commerce web site, a server side application and database supports is a must. In this project, Java Server Pages (JSP) is used to build the server side program which is responsible to generate the web pages with the combination of static and dynamic contents and to communicate with the database. Tomcat is used as the container for running the JSP web application. MySQL, a DBMS, is used to build and manage the database for the project.
Design of digital to analog converter (dac) for integrated bluetooth applications using 0.18μm cmos technology
(2005-03-01)
Low, Pit Xing
Digital to analog converter (DAC) is one of the important elements in thecommunication circuits. In this project, a digital to analog converter which operates with 1.8V voltage supply is implemented based on 0.18μm Silterra CMOS process technology. The implemented digital to analog converter is an 8-bit parallel inputs R-2R architecture converter. The digital to analog converter operates with a reference voltage and provides a current output. An operational amplifier is connected at the output end of the R-2R network to convert the output current to suitable output voltage. This operational amplifier is a current mirror op-amp with open loop dc voltage gain of 24.64dB. Besides, this op-amp achieves bandwidth of 21.5MHz, with the power consumption of 0.85mW. The mentioned reference voltage is established by another circuit block which known as bandgap reference voltage circuit. This bandgap reference voltage circuit is simply composed of CMOS transistors, op-amp, resistors and diodes. The overall D/A converter circuit has the settling time 8ns, which means the data sampling rate of 125MHz, with power consumption of 31.356mW. The schematic entry and simulation of the whole DAC circuits is done using the software Cadence, Virtuoso and Spectre.
Intelligent car park system
(2005-03-01)
Saw, Qher Shynn
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent car park system based on computer and Micro controller. This prototype is build using a model to stimulate the actual car park system. High-level language such as Visual Basic 6 is chosen because it can be used to build a convenient system. By using Visual Basic 6, a user-friendly Graphic User Interface can be created. The basic concept of this project is similar to that of a normal car park, but it has been enhanced with various useful features such as number of cars enters, number of cars illegally parked and number of available lots. All signals will be first processed by the PIC16F877A micro controller and then sent by it to the computer. The main hardware consists of a PIC16F877A micro controller by Microchip Technology Inc, LDR sensors and 7404 Hex Inverter ICs. LDR sensors are placed at entrance and every parking lot to detect cars. The source code of the PIC micro controller is developed using MPLAB Integrated Development Environments while the interface of the car park system is created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6. The main advantages of this project are information is carried out from time to time to give a clear view of empty lots available for drivers. Time consuming can be reduced to the lowest level. Besides that, the cost required to build and manage this intelligent car park system is low so that any company or shopping centre able to possess. Any inconvenience during finding parking lot can be solved easily. This project also designs for capable of guardhouse monitoring activities inside the car park.
Penggambaran informasi kajian kes membantu aktiviti-aktiviti dalam pembangunan perisian
(2005-03-01)
Idris, Faizah
Software engineering is a very complicated process. One of the reason is, software engineering development may require multi version software involving multiple developers. There are many models that we can used to show the phases and the activities in the software development. Waterfall model are being used in this project for the case study because it is straight forward and it is also a linear model. Concerning implementation, VRML will be used to produce the 3D visualization of the phases in the waterfall model. It is hope that the users will get benefit from the 3D representation produce the work described in this thesis.
Frekuensi radio identifikasi
(2005-03-01)
Kamal Adzham, Ahmad Nizar
Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a new technology and building its reputation rapidly. This system is widely use in our daily lives. For an example is ‘Smart Tag’ lane on high ways. The gate automatically opens during the entry of our vehicle. Another example of RFID system is security alarm at shops entrance. The entire product is label with tag and the alarm would be triggered if the product is stolen or brought out passing through the doors. The main objective of this project is to write a program for the microcontroller for the RFID reader so that it could be use for personal purpose, but because it is hard to purchase the tag a 1-bit RFID circuit is designed to give a basic overview on how RFID works. The reader circuit and the tag is said to be resonating at a specific frequency. In industry the frequency that is used is 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. But in this project the frequency used is 1MHz because of the capability of the equipment (audio generator) used in this project. One of the main problems faced during the development of this project is tuning the antenna to resonant at 1MHz. This is solved easily by using Network Analyzer. For the future student who intent to continue this project could improve the memory of the tag and the reading distance of the tag so that the RFID technology could be improve to a whole new level.
Development of a pressure-based typing biometrics system for user authentication
(2005-03-01)
Loy, Chen Change
Password authentication is the most prevalently used identification system in today’s cyber world. In spite of the popularity of this approach there are many inherent flaws. The password plays the role as the key to a lock; anyone who has it can gain successful access. Additionally, passwords can be easily cracked, guessed, stolen or deliberately shared. To minimize the risk of intrusion, keystroke dynamics can be used to complement this popular authentication method. As the name implies, it is an automated biometric method that analyzes the way a person types on a keyboard. There have been a lot of studies on using keystroke timing characteristics to verify the identity of a user. In this project keystroke pressure (the amount of force exerted on each key pressed) was employed, and its performance was compared with that of the conventional keystroke timings-based technique. The project also investigated the use of combined keystroke pressure and latency for the identification process. In order to measure the forces exerted during typing, a pressure-sensitive keyboard system was developed. A user interface that simulates actual login environment was used to collect data from 100 users. All users were requested to enter the same password. Three different classification methods were applied, namely Logistic Regression (LR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) neural networks. The results were very encouraging, with a maximum accuracy rate of 93.9% achieved by using FAM. Keystroke latency gave better results than keystroke pressure, but using both techniques together yielded the best results, with False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of 0.87% and False Rejection Rate (FRR) of 4.4%. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods are promising, and that the keystroke pressure is a viable and practical way to add more security to conventional typing biometrics authentication system.
Development of web-based e-learning on design of experiment technique; case of randomized complete block design (rcbd)
(2005-03-01)
Muhd. Nordin, Nor Ilyana
In research and development, often half of the resources are spent on solving optimization problems. With the rapidly rising costs of making experiments, it is essential that the optimization is done with as few experiments as possible. This is one important reason why Design of Experiments (DOE) is needed. In certain field there are circumstances in which the experimenter would like to screen factors to decide which are the most important. In these situations the engineering model of DOE is useful. These all signify the importance of DOE. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and Latin Square Design are DOE blocking techniques. This project has a vision of educating its viewer through a different environment of learning the subject of RCBD and Latin Square Design. Materials are explored from various resources that can be found in books and in the internet just to ensure the webpage provide sufficient and refer to reliable information. It proved that the materials included in the webpage combines all resources so that the webpage is ensured to cover entire concept behind both topics. With interactive links to relate one slide to the other, viewers are directed clearly from one page to the other until they have covered the whole topics in RCBD and Latin Square Design that stated in the research scope. Besides, there are also sections to test the understanding of the viewer that are named after “Do It Yourself”. In this section, complete solutions are provided for each problem, so that the viewer can check their solution with the solutions provided in the webpage. Other than learning, there are also slides provided for relaxations that are named after “Take 5”. These slides provide refreshment for viewers because its contents can lighten up their mind. Moreover, the overall structure of the webpage is well organized and viewers are ensured not to getting lost while surfing the webpage. The whole webpage design, development and its content are arranged in a way that is hoped to facilitate and add up to viewers’ awareness of the concept behind the application of RCBD and Latin Square Design. Above all, the webpage is expected to give new and clear lessons for those who are not familiar with the subject and also add up to current knowledge of the subject for those who familiar with the subject. It is also hoped that the webpage can be recommended as one of the useful resources for RCBD and Latin Square Design.
Rekabentuk penguat hingar rendah (lna) cmos beraruhan merosot bebezaan penuh untuk penerima wcdma
(2005-03-01)
Law, Eng Hui
A 2.1 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA), intended for use in a Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) receiver has been implemented in 0.18μm RF process. The amplifier provides a forward gain (S21) of 11.42dB with a noise figure of only 1.7dB and drawing 12.66mA from a 1.8V supply voltage. The 1dB-compression point of the LNA is -9.82dB. In this thesis, detailed analysis of the LNA architecture will be presented. The LNA employed an inductive source degeneration topology, that is, a degenerative inductor is used to provide 50Ω input impedance matching. An advantage of this method is that unlike other methods, it does not bring with it the thermal noise of an ordinary resistor because a pure reactance is noiseless. This LNA uses differential architecture rather than single-ended architecture to provide better common-mode rejection ratio. The main problem faced in the project was to obtain a 50Ω input and output impedance while maintaining the gain to be in the range of 10dB to 15dB. This gain specification is to ensure that the LNA provide enough gain but not too high as to avoid nonlinearity that can cause distortion. LNA should not consume too much power to have good portability. Finally, the performance of the designed low noise amplifier meets all of the specification.
Sistem pemprosesan imej perubatan
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Rohaida
Breast cancer is one of the main causes to women death nowadays. Medical specialist uses mammogram and ultrasound screening to detect and identifying the breast tumour. Cervical cancer is second causes to women death. Pap test is used to detect the biological changes of cervical cell. However, sometime medical specialist faces difficulties in analyzing the mammogram, ultrasound and Pap smear images. Medical images, which are analyzed by Radiologist and Patalogist are normally affected by unwanted noise and blur such as blood and sometimes the images are too dark or too bright. These factors contribute to error diagnosis or screening. Therefore, project proposes “Medical Images Processing System” using Borland C++ Builder version 6 to increase the problems. This user-friendly system is developed to improve the weaknessess which occur during the medical images processing. Image processing techniques such as filtering are provided in the system, contrast enhancement, boundary segmentation and edge detection. The results show that the proposed succesfully improved the tumour contrast, segmented the tumour, detected the tumour edges and reduce unwanted noise of the medical images.
Pembangunan aplikasi sistem pencerapan data berasaskan sistem pelantar linux
(2005-03-01)
Mustafa, Anuar
This project is about the development of an application for data acquisition by using Linux as the platform. Linux is used as a platform to develop applications on data logger, data communication and the analyse of data. The development of these processes is by using C programming language as the main programming. Other than that, some other programs in the Linux is used to help in the development of this data acquisition. The objective of this project is to analyse data on a real-time system. In other words, the development of this project is to create an application on data acquisition which can be connected between two computers by using Linux as the main platform. Linux is being used in conjunction with the widely used of Linux operating system in modern industries other than Windows operating system. The project that being developed can read a sequence of data, process the data received and save them in a file. This simple data acquistion system is a real-time system which consists of data collecting from a data generating simulation process, the serial communication between two computers, the data processing and the output storage in the computer.
Design of power amplifier (pa) front-end transmitter for cdma application at 900mhz using 0.18 micron cmos technology
(2005-03-01)
Zahari, Muhamad Iskandar
Recent efforts in the design of integrated circuits for RF communication transceivers have focused on achieving higher levels of integration by including more and more analog functional blocks onto a single silicon CMOS chip. One of the final blocks that have yet to be successfully integrated is the power amplifier. The power amplifier is the final functional block in the transmit path and its function is to amplify the signal to be transmitted to the required transmit power level. In general, power amplifiers are difficult to integrate in CMOS because of technology limitations that severely limit the efficiency of the power amplifier. This thesis describes theoretical analysis and circuit techniques for the design and implementation of RF Class C power amplifier in CMOS technologies. There are very few methods exist for designing Class C power amplifier in the past, much of the design process has been empirical. The theoretical work in this thesis attempts to describe a method for designing a Class C power amplifier in CMOS without resorting to blind use of a circuit simulator. A 900MHz CMOS power amplifier was designed using Silterra 0.18µm RF MOSFET. This design is simulated using Cadence Design tool. In this simulation, the peak efficiency of the power amplifier was 37.7%. The power amplifier did meet the spectral mask requirements of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular communications system for which it was designed. The power gain that had been achieved is 34.74 dB and meets the power amplifier specification for CDMA application.
Sistem paparan kesihatan menggunakan borland c++ builder
(2005-03-01)
Karen Then, Miaw Wah
This project is implemented to develop a user-friendly health indicator system. The system is a graphical user interface (GUI) built using the Borland C++ Builder software. The system is to assist physicians and other medical personnel to monitor a patient’s vital signs namely the patient’s blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen level concentration in blood and heart beat rate by just glimpsing at one screen instead of having to scrutinize four separate equipments in order to get readings. In general, the system is made up of three main modules which includes; a search module, real-time monitoring module and recovery module. The search module encompasses a box to key in the patient’s name or ID and a search button to locate the patient’s file. The real-time monitoring module shows the current measurements of the health parameters on the screen. Each parameter has an alarm that will flicker should any abnormalities occur. In practical, this system should be hooked up to hardwares that interpret signals acquired from the patient and measurements are stored in a source file. Thus, this system is also implemented to retrieve the measurements from the source file and present it on the screen in numerical and graphical form.
Pengenalpastian parasit malaria
(2005-03-01)
Syed Zainal Abidin, Syed Muhamad Hatmi
In the medical field we have the technicians to analyze all the data acquired from test sample. All of this sample will then sorted and analyze for any symptom of diseases. So, for a human eye to do this work for hours and hundreds of sample is very tedious and tiring. Also cases of error in diagnosis will commonly occur. Lab technician need to spend at least half an hour to scan each slide and this is very time consuming. Sensitivity of the human eye is only about forty percent. Even so, technicians can read not more than 20 slides per day because this leads to eye fatigue and incorrect reading. As the solutions, the development of software to analyze each sample of blood is needed to overcome this problem. The software will work to scan the entire sample according to the symptom or criteria of malaria parasites. For this project, the criteria’s and characteristic of the malaria parasite must be considered to identify whether the sample of blood is affected by the malaria parasite. After the parasites have been detected, the amount of the parasite will be count to determine the total amount of malaria parasite in the blood sample. This software will act like any human technicians or analyzer would do. This is done by analyzing the sample using the technique of image processing which will be implementing in a C++ Builder-object oriented programming. With the use of the system, it should reduce any error in diagnosis. Also we can analyze much more sample than any average human eye would do.
Sistem pengawal motor tak lelurus
(2005-03-01)
Abd. Razak, Siti Nor Hajar
Generally, a motor operating system needs a good controller to ensure that the resulting rotating velocity output is the same as the expected output and always is a stable condition. PID controllers (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) are the benchmark for this system and are widely used in nowadays’ industries. Nevertheless, the PID controller can not give the desired rotating velocity and it is time-consuming to reach the steady-state condition if there is a load torque disturbance in the system. To overcome this problem, a nonlinear controller is introduced. The main objectives of this project are to design and build a controller with a nonlinear system, to maximize the efficiency of the angle velocity and also to improve the motor performance in term of time to reach the steady- state condition. The result for value rise time, r t is 0.1 second and sampling time, s t 1.4 second. This rise time and sampling time value is better than PID. The method used to design the non-linear controller is the feedback linearization method, from which it is divided into two parts, which are input-state linearization and input-output linearization. The project scopes are including of designing and analyzing the nonlinear controller for dc motor. All the simulation is done with the assistance of MATLAB software.
Pembangunan kawalan suai dalam-talian untuk sistem kawalan kelajuan motor dalam matlab melalui basic stamp
(2005-03-01)
Rifin, Rozi
This project presents a Local Output Local Recurrent Globally Feedforward Neural Network (LOLRGF) for real time control implementation which is DC motor speed control. The on-line indirect adaptive control scheme is developed and neural network is used as compensator in the closed loop system to control nonlinear processes. The LOLRGF neural network was trained using Recursive Prediction Error (RPE) algorithm in order to output process follow the behavior of set point tracking beside to minimize an offset as small as possible. A continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used to develop, modeling and designing neural network compensator in simulation to determine the best output process according to network size, learning parameters and network connection. The DC motor speed control system will be adapted in the model to substitute CSTR process and observation regarding to output system behavior are implemented for real time application. In this investigation, MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used in control schemes development, modeling, analysis and design. This software also acts as controlling medium for DC motor speed control system which use Basic Stamp 2 as microcontroller.
Low bit rate speech coding using tms320c6416
(2005-03-01)
Mahamad Haniffah, Mohamad Habib
The title of the project is Low Bit Rate Speech Coding Using TMS320C6416 DSP Processor. The scope of this project is divided into two main parts. Part one involves the study of the TMS320C6416 DSP processor. My task was to understand the architecture of this board and complete the tutorials in Code Composer Studio (CCS). The second part is concerned with the sampling of speech signal (analog signal) at different sampling frequencies and to study its effects on the quality of the reconstructed speech signal. Initially MATLAB and SIMULINK were used to sample the speech file and to study the effect of variation in sampling frequency on the quality of the speech signal and its waveform. Later, the sampling process is implemented in real time using the TMS320C6416 DSP Processor. Three sampling frequencies were chosen which are 8000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 2000 Hz. The results were divided into two sections; before real-time implementation and after real-time implementation. The comparison of the quality of the sampled audio signal was carried out for the three sampling frequencies as mentioned earlier. Two methods were used to measure the quality of the reconstructed audio signal. First, fifteen students were chosen to rate their score for the quality of the reconstructed signal. The score range was from 1(bad) to 5(excellent). Secondly, scope was used to display the waveform of the original and reconstructed signal. The results showed that the quality of the sound degrades from 8000 Hz to 2000 Hz.
A stepper motor design optimization using
(2005-03-01)
A stepper motor design optimization using
In this project, the design optimization of a stepper motor is presented. In general, the area of study can be divided into motor principles and construction, design methods, and digital control experiments. Theory is taught in classroom lectures, whereas control methods are learned primarily in laboratory situations. Instruction on motor design, however, is usually limited to the study of motor construction, with practically no laboratory time spent on the actual fabrication of motors. The production process, including material processing and winding, would take up too much time and expense. There is a need to fill this void in the area of small-motor design, and develop a program using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) as an approach to achieve optimization. The aim of optimum design in this project is to minimize the volume, weight and cost of stepper motor while keeping constraint variable at the desired value. In order to achieve the optimum design, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) approach has been applied. GAs approach is selected because it is a powerful and broadly applicable stochastic search and optimization techniques that works for many problems that are very difficult to solve by conventional methods. The design optimization procedure of a stepper motor is described in this project. A C++ program has been successfully developed based on the GAs by using the GAs library. This GAs library is a C++ library that contains tools and built-in components for using GAs to minimize the fitness function. In this project, the program that has been developed is run to get the optimization result with Microsoft Visual C++. In order to obtain better results from the program, some of the parameters have to be changed. These include GA parameter that is number of generation and size of population and penalty factor. From the result, it is shown that the objective function is achieved while keeping other constraint function at desired value. This project and successful results have proved the suitability of GA for design optimization of electrical equipment. It is shown that GA can be used to solve complex problems within a short period.
Rekabentuk sistem perlindungan kilat
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Fadzil, Mohd Fazli
Lightning strike is one of the phenomenons that can cause damage of properties, badly injury, and also the death. Cause of that, all the buildings which have more than 3 floors, must equip with the lightning conductor. For this project, one investigation have made to the area of Sport Centre of University Science Malaysia, Engineering Campus which doesn’t have the lightning protector. From that investigation, football field 1, football field 2 and rugby field have a high risk of lightning strike. In addition, these fields always full with the student everyday and definitely it is so dangerous. In this project, I have designed the lightning protection system which will protect the people who play at the fields of Sport Center. This system is divided by two sections. First section will responsible to protect the goal side. It is designed with 20 m high of iron net along the field wide. The second section will protect the center of the field. It has 20 meter high of two flag-poles at each side of field. Those flag poles and the iron net are equipped with the earth system for the over-current when the lightning strike occurs. From this project, the risk of lightning strike to people is less and safe for people to play at any time and any weather.
Optimum electrical capacitance tomography sensor for oil-height determination
(2005-03-01)
Hamzah, Muhamed Sufian
There are two types of tomography systems, medical tomography and process tomography. ECT is one of the branches of process tomography. ECT or Electrical Capacitance Tomography is one of the techniques to measure the internal spatial distribution of materials. This new and very detailed knowledge allows improved design of process equipment. ECT process is based on the electromagnet properties of components in the volume measurement. In this thesis, MATLAB is used to generate raw ECT dataset with using an ECT simulator. The variable value of an ECT design parameters affect the sensitivity of raw ECT dataset. In this project, the range of pipe thickness, R2 is uses 1.02 to 1.38 units and the range of electrode angle, θ is 5' to 24'. The mean of absolute error with comparison between oil height target and oil height ANN measurement is plot in two graphs, mean absolute error versus parameter R2 and mean absolute error versus parameter θ. The graphs show the changes in oil height estimation that occur when the ECT system parameters are changed.

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