Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Monograf

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Pengelog data untuk multi-meter digital
(2004-03-01)
Lai, Thiam Hee
A normal multimeter is used to measure the voltage and current of certain circuits and also the resistance across certain lines. As the world of electronics evolves, multimeter evolved from analog to digital. But how to incoporate the data measured from a digital multimeter into a computer? The answer to the above question is the datalogger of the digital multimeter. The datalogger is connected into the digital multimeter so that the data measured can be stored into its memory. Before the era of datalogger, some latest digital multimeters have serial interface ready. By linking the interface to the computer, one can get the recording of oscilloscope for slow signals. On the downside, the computer has to be present at the measurement location, and left running all the time. Besides, the digital multimeter occupies the serial port during the entire measurement. These disadvantages certainly points to wastage of computer resources. The datalogger designed will be free of these disadvantages. It can automatically captures the discrete measurement values supplied by the digital multimeter and puts them into permanent storage. When the need arises, the contents of the datalogger will then be downloaded into computer for data manipulation.
Penyingkiran ammonia, cod, ferum dan zink dengan menggunakan kombinasi zeolit dan karbon teraktif
(2005-03-01)
Sudar, Terry Solle
Leachate is the waste water that discharged through the solid waste of the landfill. The leachates have a high composition of pollutants such as ammonium, chloride, sulphate, ferrum, cadmium, zinc, lead and also the high level of BOD and COD. Thus, the effective treatment procedure is being introduced to ensure the minimum effect of water pollution. This research discusses the results of removal of ammonium, COD, iron and zinc by using the combination of zeolite and activated carbon as the removal.The research is important to identify the suitable substances for pollutant removal of leachate. The main objective of this research is to obtain the level of effectiveness and the best combination for zeolite and activated carbon in the leachate treatment process. Meanwhile, this research also use to identify the size and the optimum quantity of both combination of these two substances in order to achieve the high level of effectiveness by referred to the producing adsorption isotherm of Freundlinch and Langmuir. Beside that, the result also showed the percentage of removal for COD, ammonium, ferum and zinc which is the combination of 0.3g zeolite and 0.1g activated carbon are the best combination to remove ammonia, COD and zinc with 60%, 57% and 55% of total percentage respectively. While the combination of 0.1g zeolite and 0.3g activated carbon is the best combination to remove iron with 70% of total percentage. The outcomes of this research are suitable for more commercial way of leachate treatment in the future because of it efficiency and the reduction of costs.
Data acquisition system based on fpga
(2005-03-01)
Mahrus, Nuril Syahira
For undergraduate project, a data acquisition system based on FPGA has been developed. An analog data, which comes from power supply (in voltage signals) is gathered and then be converted to digital signals. This is done by ADC0809. This system is fully controlled by FPGA using the Xilinx Foundation Series 2.1, by Project Manager. The device used is XC4010 PC84 and the language used to develop the coding is VHDL code. Data from the ADC0809 (which is in digital form) will be processing to make sure that it can appear on LCD. To do this, the data first must be converted from the Hex code to the ASCII code. After the data has been converted to ASCII code, then it will be displayed on the LCD. At the same time, the data will be compared to a fix variable, which is 3F in Hex and equal to 1.24V.If the data is beyond the variable then LED will turning ON, and if the data is less than that (the variable), then the LCD will not turning ON. It is designed to show the monitoring system.
Kajian umum mengenai sistem kenderaan elektrik
(2005-03-01)
Jasmali, Siti Salsaliah
The main objective of this project is about explaining the development of electric car by choosing a model of motor DC series as a propeller and a power of lead-acid battery as a power supplier to a motor. The focus will be on calculation of motor horsepower and battery for a car based on car’s parameters. Next, this paper work will explain the operation a motor DC series and determine the sum of battery needed in an electric car. The operation of motor DC series is discussed to show the motor is a suitable choices. However this project is not to renew or repairing the technology but more to basic or introduction of electric component of electric car. Motor and battery are very popular and main propeller for electric car.
Rekabentuk pengelog data untuk solar panel
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Johari, Mohd Ridzuan
This report discusses a data logger design using a microcontroller that had been tested for measurement, storage and data analysis purpose. PIC16C73 microcontroller is combined with other chips to show a typical format for interface. Data input included measurement and recorded voltage, current and solar module power. This report discusses about theory and real application of data logger. Voltage divider concept is used to measure the output of solar module. This report also discusses about basic of data logger and it architecture such as measuring circuit, logger circuit and reader circuit. Data logger operation and its programming are discussed in this report. Indirectly this project contains two main elements hardware and software development.
Design of digital to analog converter (dac) for integrated bluetooth applications using 0.18μm cmos technology
(2005-03-01)
Low, Pit Xing
Digital to analog converter (DAC) is one of the important elements in thecommunication circuits. In this project, a digital to analog converter which operates with 1.8V voltage supply is implemented based on 0.18μm Silterra CMOS process technology. The implemented digital to analog converter is an 8-bit parallel inputs R-2R architecture converter. The digital to analog converter operates with a reference voltage and provides a current output. An operational amplifier is connected at the output end of the R-2R network to convert the output current to suitable output voltage. This operational amplifier is a current mirror op-amp with open loop dc voltage gain of 24.64dB. Besides, this op-amp achieves bandwidth of 21.5MHz, with the power consumption of 0.85mW. The mentioned reference voltage is established by another circuit block which known as bandgap reference voltage circuit. This bandgap reference voltage circuit is simply composed of CMOS transistors, op-amp, resistors and diodes. The overall D/A converter circuit has the settling time 8ns, which means the data sampling rate of 125MHz, with power consumption of 31.356mW. The schematic entry and simulation of the whole DAC circuits is done using the software Cadence, Virtuoso and Spectre.
Intelligent car park system
(2005-03-01)
Saw, Qher Shynn
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent car park system based on computer and Micro controller. This prototype is build using a model to stimulate the actual car park system. High-level language such as Visual Basic 6 is chosen because it can be used to build a convenient system. By using Visual Basic 6, a user-friendly Graphic User Interface can be created. The basic concept of this project is similar to that of a normal car park, but it has been enhanced with various useful features such as number of cars enters, number of cars illegally parked and number of available lots. All signals will be first processed by the PIC16F877A micro controller and then sent by it to the computer. The main hardware consists of a PIC16F877A micro controller by Microchip Technology Inc, LDR sensors and 7404 Hex Inverter ICs. LDR sensors are placed at entrance and every parking lot to detect cars. The source code of the PIC micro controller is developed using MPLAB Integrated Development Environments while the interface of the car park system is created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6. The main advantages of this project are information is carried out from time to time to give a clear view of empty lots available for drivers. Time consuming can be reduced to the lowest level. Besides that, the cost required to build and manage this intelligent car park system is low so that any company or shopping centre able to possess. Any inconvenience during finding parking lot can be solved easily. This project also designs for capable of guardhouse monitoring activities inside the car park.
Penggambaran informasi kajian kes membantu aktiviti-aktiviti dalam pembangunan perisian
(2005-03-01)
Idris, Faizah
Software engineering is a very complicated process. One of the reason is, software engineering development may require multi version software involving multiple developers. There are many models that we can used to show the phases and the activities in the software development. Waterfall model are being used in this project for the case study because it is straight forward and it is also a linear model. Concerning implementation, VRML will be used to produce the 3D visualization of the phases in the waterfall model. It is hope that the users will get benefit from the 3D representation produce the work described in this thesis.
Frekuensi radio identifikasi
(2005-03-01)
Kamal Adzham, Ahmad Nizar
Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a new technology and building its reputation rapidly. This system is widely use in our daily lives. For an example is ‘Smart Tag’ lane on high ways. The gate automatically opens during the entry of our vehicle. Another example of RFID system is security alarm at shops entrance. The entire product is label with tag and the alarm would be triggered if the product is stolen or brought out passing through the doors. The main objective of this project is to write a program for the microcontroller for the RFID reader so that it could be use for personal purpose, but because it is hard to purchase the tag a 1-bit RFID circuit is designed to give a basic overview on how RFID works. The reader circuit and the tag is said to be resonating at a specific frequency. In industry the frequency that is used is 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. But in this project the frequency used is 1MHz because of the capability of the equipment (audio generator) used in this project. One of the main problems faced during the development of this project is tuning the antenna to resonant at 1MHz. This is solved easily by using Network Analyzer. For the future student who intent to continue this project could improve the memory of the tag and the reading distance of the tag so that the RFID technology could be improve to a whole new level.
Pengaruh arus harmonik terhadap pembacaan meter kwh analog
(2005-03-01)
Koay, Boon Kit
This final year project deals with effect of harmonic current on reading of analogue kWh meter. In the project, derivation of complex mathematic equation is not included but analysis is made based on the experimental results. A rectifier (which has adjustable capacitor and adjustable resistor connected in parallel as the load) is connected with kWh meter. The meter is then connected with pure sinusoidal voltage source, 50Hz, 240V. The rectifier represents the non-linear loads we use in daily life. When changing the resistance and the capacitance of the loads, the magnitude of the current and the value of total harmonic distortion will change as well. In the situation where the RMS current is not being changed, the change of active power when total harmonic distortion is increased is being compared. The active power refers to that of theoretical active power and that of sensed by the kWh meter. Besides that, the error percentage of kWh meter reading when total harmonic distortion is increased is studied too. In this project, voltage source is assumed not polluted with harmonic content.
Teaching stethoscope
(2005-03-01)
Palaniappan, Sivakumar
Teaching Stethoscope is one of the latest biomedical gadgets which have been constructed in this project. This project is implemented by constructing hardware and software design. Basically, this project is divided into three categories which are signal amplification, wireless transmission and computer display. The components that involve in constructing hardware are stethoscope, microphone, instrumentation amplifier, buffer, integrator, low pass filter, audio amplifier and speaker. This part is the heart of the project whereby the signal will be captured through microphone and amplified with the instrumentation amplifier. It will be then filtered by an integrator and low-pass circuit below 200 Hz to reduce the noise. There will be two approaches of displaying the signal in the computer which is MATLAB and Microcontroller 89C51. This analog signal will be converted to digital signal by ADC before it is sent to the microcontroller. By using microcontroller 89C51 as data connection heart pulse are shown in LABVIEW software. The second option will be connecting the hardware to computer through microphone jack and display it through MATLAB in a pulse form. Wireless transmission involves the implementation of FM transmitter and FM receiver. Finally, output signal from the FM receiver will be amplified by using audio amplifier to be heard through the speaker.
Direct conversion receiver
(2005-03-01)
Wan Khairuddin, Wan Nur Hafsha
Direct conversion receiver is a receiver system that is widely used for wireless communication.Direct conversion receiver replaced the architecture of superheterodyne receiver.The objectives of my project is to do analysis of IQ Demodulator IC model LT5516 produced by Linear Technology and also the analysis of direct conversion receiver system using LT5516 to see the performance of this receiver.The test circuit for LT5516 is designed using printed circuit board (PCB). Narrowband balun structure is designed for input of RF signal and LO signal.Air core inductor is used for balun design.The analysis of LT5516 cannot be done because the connection between the LT5516 pads and printed circuit board cannot be done so that the test circuit cannot function without the connection of this LT5516 IC.The LT5516 IC cannot be soldered on printed circuit board because the size of the IC is too small (4mmx4mm). The soldering method used is not effective but I still used this method because there are no other technology in this campus. LT5516 pads are connected to printed circuit board using wire-wrap as the conductor.Wire-wrap is soldered to LT5516 pads and connected to PCB pads but lastly IC LT5516 cannot be soldered on PCB because the IC pads are small and resulted the soldering joint.To solve this problem I decreased the amount of solder but the wire wrap could not stick on IC pads.Other components are soldered on PCB pads but the analysis still cannot be done without this IC LT5516. Aluminium box is designed for this test circuit .The aluminium box isdesigned to avoid radiation that will effect the output signal.The calculation for band pass filter and low pass filter are include in this report even they cannot be applied because the circuit not function and cannot be analyze.The suggestions also include at the end of the report to ensure that the direct conversion receiver can function well and can be analyze to see the performance of direct conversion receiver.
Semi-automatic features extraction of cervical cells
(2005-03-01)
Mohanadas, Veerayen
This project is entitled ‘Semi-automatic Features Extraction of Cervical Cells’. The project is aimed to create a user friendly software which can be able to analyze Pap smear images via image processing. Cytological screening using the Pap smear test is the most effective strategy for the detection of precancerous state and consequent control of cervical cancer. Cytological samples that are taken from Pap smear test will undergo further analysis to detect the degree of abnormality of the cervical cells. The results of the abnormality of the samples can be inaccurate since some types of the medical images are blurring and highly affected by unwanted noise. Those bottlenecks in the medical images are believed that can be reduced via implementations of an adaptive fuzzy c-means (AFCM) and moving k-means (MKM) clustering techniques. These clustering techniques were used to segment the Pap smear images and later the features of the cells were extracted using region growing based feature extraction (RGBFE) technique. The performance of AFCM and MKM were analyzed based on the segmentation results of 6 Pap smear images. In overall, MKM was produced much better images than AFCM. Although the results have revealed that AFCM was suffering from centre redundancy and poor final centres in most of the cases, but it has also shown an advantage over MKM where AFCM was not sensitive to initial centres.
Rekabentuk sistem perlindungan kilat
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Fadzil, Mohd Fazli
Lightning strike is one of the phenomenons that can cause damage of properties, badly injury, and also the death. Cause of that, all the buildings which have more than 3 floors, must equip with the lightning conductor. For this project, one investigation have made to the area of Sport Centre of University Science Malaysia, Engineering Campus which doesn’t have the lightning protector. From that investigation, football field 1, football field 2 and rugby field have a high risk of lightning strike. In addition, these fields always full with the student everyday and definitely it is so dangerous. In this project, I have designed the lightning protection system which will protect the people who play at the fields of Sport Center. This system is divided by two sections. First section will responsible to protect the goal side. It is designed with 20 m high of iron net along the field wide. The second section will protect the center of the field. It has 20 meter high of two flag-poles at each side of field. Those flag poles and the iron net are equipped with the earth system for the over-current when the lightning strike occurs. From this project, the risk of lightning strike to people is less and safe for people to play at any time and any weather.
Pengenalpastian bakteria tibi
(2005-03-01)
Mohammad, Nazrul Hilmi
This project has benefited from a number of individuals who gave generously their time and expertise, and the following persons deserve special mentions. My highest thanks goes to Associate Professor Umi Kalthum Ngah, my project supervisor who has done a lot to facilitate me for the whole duration of the project, right from the day I was assigned the project title, next to the implementation of the project, and further to the completion of this dissertation. I would also like to thank Dr. Suraiya Mohd. Noor from the School of Medicine for facilitating me during the data acquisition activity. Also, I must express my appreciation to Dr. Nor Ashidi Mat Isa who has been assigned as the second examiner for my project, for his willingness to examine this dissertation and attend my presentation alongside my project supervisor. Furthermore, my acknowledgement extends to my dearest counterparts, Tina Zahani Zainuddin and Syed Mohamad Hatmi Syed Zainal Abidin, under the supervision of the same supervisor as mine, for their bits of suggestions and constructive criticisms that helped me quite a lot to improve my project. Thanks also to the Final Year Project Coordinator for this term, Associate Professor Dr. Mohd. Yusof Mashor who provided general guidelines on the project development, particularly on the rules and standards in writing this dissertation. Last but not least, my undying thanks to all other individuals whom have not been mentioned here in particular for their own bit of direct and indirect contribution in this project.
An analysis of two dimensionality reduction techniques on the performance of neural network classifiers
(2005-03-01)
Ong, Siok Lan
This project involves an analysis of the effectiveness of two dimensionality reduction techniques, i.e., Principal Component Analysis as the standard approach and Random Projection as a recent technique. The study is based on the performance of two supervised neural network classifiers i.e., Standard Backpropagation and Fuzzy ARTMAP. A set of benchmark and real medical databases are used to evaluate the performance of the neural network models. The performance indicators used are percentage of correct classification, purity, and collective entropy. The Student’s two-tailed paired t-test is used to compare the significance of differences of the results. Based on the estimated 95% confidence intervals, a strong decision which eventually leads to a convincing conclusion on the performance of the dimensionality reduction techniques can be obtained. The perceived experimental results especially from the real medical data sets are encouraging enough to prove that Random Projection exhibits good performance as a dimensionality reduction technique. Surprisingly, Random Projection is effective on low dimensional data, and the outcomes are as good as Principal Component Analysis. A discussion on generalization of the results obtained is included, and a conclusion ensues. Recommendations are also included for further improvements and enhancements in the analysis of dimensionality reduction techniques.
Design of a 200watts, 12volts output voltage buck-boost dc-dc converter for photovaltaic application
(2005-03-01)
Lau, Phooi San
Solar energy becomes a very important source of power energy as the other power sources especially petroleum is decreasing. This brings to development of photovoltaic applications. To widen the usage of photovoltaic application, buckboost converter is an important device to stabilize performance of photovoltaic application that is depends on intensity of the sunshine. A buck-boost converter with 200W and 12V DC output voltage has been designed in this project to help in mentioned problem. This project included design of buck-boost converter, simulation of the circuit and building of hardware. SG 3524 is selected as the SMPS controller for the buck-boost converter. To generate square-wave from SG 3524, simple control circuit had to be designed and connected to the chip. Two types of switch, which are MOSFET and BJT, have been used to decide the most suitable configuration to drive a buck-boost converter. From experiments, PNP BJT is chosen as switch and drives the converter successfully. The output meets expected 12V DC output from varying input between 6V and 20V. Efficiency of this converter is varying between 91% and 47% depends on the varying input voltage. With this buck-boost converter, the input voltage can be stabilized at level 12V by controlled of duty cycle of switching waveform.
Antena pintar
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Ahmad Khairol Azhani
This project is about a developing an antena. It’s called smart antenna. This antenna has 6 patch element on it. Smart antenna having a wide angular range and high gain value that is 6 dBic. Smart antenna has a pattern that is not fixed, but adapts to the current radion conditions. The technique is a simple switching between predefined beams to optimum beamforming. This technique can decrease power loss because the beam is only be radiated toward the user only, the power radiated in other directions will be exprienced as interference by other users. Smart antenna will directing a beam toward the comunication partner only. Smart antena can increase the capacity, increase the range,prepare a new service, security and reduced multipath propagation. Smart antenna be designed as thin, compact, small and simple because it will be mounted on bullet train, ship and car roof.
Sistem pengecaman bentuk berdasarkan fpga
(2005-03-01)
Zainal Ariffin, Nur Bayani
Pattern recognition is an important part to human being daily life, because we always recognize the patterns in all aspects our works. Pattern recognition means that the definition, identification and the classification by deciding the characteristics of that pattern which is need to be known. It is always can be an application to whatever course and now have been used widely among the people. Hence, a pattern recognition system by an array of chemical sensor application will be developing based on FPGA. It is purposely to develop hardware for that application. Beside that, an algorithm also will be used to implement this system. Fuzzy Inferences System has been chosen as the method for designing the system. This method will be implementing to the system since it is a popular way to represent pattern recognition system. There are 3 main processes that have to be done by this method, they are fuzzification, rules inferences engine and defuzzification. The Xilinx Foundation 2.1 Series based on FPGA is the methodology for development this system.
Indeks barah payudara menggunakan rangkaian neural hmlp
(2005-03-01)
Syed Radzuan, Syed Firdaus
Breast cancer is one of the major disease that contribute death among women around the globe nowadays. To solve this matter, breast cancer index is introduced. This software calculate the probability of someone being affected by breast cancer. Hybrid multilayered perceptron (HMLP) neural network is used to diagnosed and checked the data got from researchers. Besides that, by combining HMLP together with modified recursive prediction error (MRPE), this network will choose the optimum weight to get precise calculation and near to the real value. HMLP network is used because of its high confidence percentage and high accuracy if compared to other neural network. On top of that, this network is still new and the latest in neural network world. All the algorithms are programmed using Borland C++ Builder software. This software is an interface for the user who wishes to use this breast cancer software.

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