Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Monograf

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Pengelog data untuk multi-meter digital
(2004-03-01)
Lai, Thiam Hee
A normal multimeter is used to measure the voltage and current of certain circuits and also the resistance across certain lines. As the world of electronics evolves, multimeter evolved from analog to digital. But how to incoporate the data measured from a digital multimeter into a computer? The answer to the above question is the datalogger of the digital multimeter. The datalogger is connected into the digital multimeter so that the data measured can be stored into its memory. Before the era of datalogger, some latest digital multimeters have serial interface ready. By linking the interface to the computer, one can get the recording of oscilloscope for slow signals. On the downside, the computer has to be present at the measurement location, and left running all the time. Besides, the digital multimeter occupies the serial port during the entire measurement. These disadvantages certainly points to wastage of computer resources. The datalogger designed will be free of these disadvantages. It can automatically captures the discrete measurement values supplied by the digital multimeter and puts them into permanent storage. When the need arises, the contents of the datalogger will then be downloaded into computer for data manipulation.
Design and analysis of cmos based rfic voltage controlled oscillator (vco) for 1.9ghz range cdma applications
(2005-03-01)
Lee, Jen Huei
The objective of this paper is to present the Design and Analysis of CMOS Based RFIC Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for 1.9GHz Range for CDMA Application. The topology used to realize the oscillator is the Cross coupled differential LC tank negative trans-conductance voltage controlled oscillator. The design process begins from the choice of topology. After a topology is chosen, then the targeted specification is set. The circuit is simulated and optimized to meet the specifications. This is done in the schematic and simulation entry. After the simulation results are satisfied, and then the layout of the circuit is drawn. In the layout stage, design rules check (DRC) should always performed to make sure the layout follow the design rules. After DRC checking, the layout versus schematic (LVS) is performed to compare between schematic net list file and layout net list file. The final stage will be the additional of the bond pad into the layout. In chapter 1 of this paper, an introduction to transceiver architecture and Voltage controlled oscillator is given. The various topology described in the previous published paper to implement a Voltage Controlled Oscillator is compared between each other in Chapter 2. In chapter 3, the analysis of the Cross coupled differential LC tank negative trans-conductance topology used in the design of this paper is described. Chapter 4 discusses about the Phase Noise of the oscillator. The designed circuit is simulated using Cadence CAD tools and the design kit is supplied by Silterra Malaysia Sdn. Bhd (Silterra RF design kit, version 180804). The simulation results analysis are shown in chapter 5. The layout process is described in chapter 6 and finally chapter 7 gives the conclusion of the project.
Rekabentuk sistem pakar bagi pulmonari tuberculosis dengan peningkatan imej
(2005-03-01)
Zainuddin, Tina Zahani
An expert system is a system that is capable of emulating the human expert problem assessment ability. The expert system is a part of artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence technology research field that is design to assist problem solving and improve productivity. Knowledge extracted from texts, journals, experts or other sources are coded in apt forms for the system to use in its reasoning process. The expert system develop allows for pulmonary tuberculosis infection forecast with the aid of image enhancement tools. The system design was develop by application of Borland C++ Version 6.0 software development tools. The expert system itself includes not only the disease infection certainty forecast but also disease explanation within the expert system main interface frame. The main diagnosis means for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis is made by using chest x-ray images. These images loaded into the expert system mainframe will be inferred upon by the expert system client. Manipulation of the images by the client is done with the enhancement tools incorporated into the expert system. The whole software is devise with one main principle that is to have the system simple enough that even a first time user would be able to use it affectively.
Frekuensi radio identifikasi
(2005-03-01)
Kamal Adzham, Ahmad Nizar
Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is a new technology and building its reputation rapidly. This system is widely use in our daily lives. For an example is ‘Smart Tag’ lane on high ways. The gate automatically opens during the entry of our vehicle. Another example of RFID system is security alarm at shops entrance. The entire product is label with tag and the alarm would be triggered if the product is stolen or brought out passing through the doors. The main objective of this project is to write a program for the microcontroller for the RFID reader so that it could be use for personal purpose, but because it is hard to purchase the tag a 1-bit RFID circuit is designed to give a basic overview on how RFID works. The reader circuit and the tag is said to be resonating at a specific frequency. In industry the frequency that is used is 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. But in this project the frequency used is 1MHz because of the capability of the equipment (audio generator) used in this project. One of the main problems faced during the development of this project is tuning the antenna to resonant at 1MHz. This is solved easily by using Network Analyzer. For the future student who intent to continue this project could improve the memory of the tag and the reading distance of the tag so that the RFID technology could be improve to a whole new level.
Penghasilan peta pintar (i-map) untuk universiti sains malaysia kampus kejuruteraan menggunakan pengintegrasian cad dan imej satelit resolusi tinggi untuk pembangunan masa hadapan
(2005-03-01)
Ibrahim, Irwan Hadi
The purpose of this project is to develop a GIS database for Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Engineering Campus. The data base is important for information storage, archive and management about USM Engineering Campus. The main software that had been used in this project are ArcView GIS And Idrisi GIS. The result shows that the system can perform query and analysis about the campus development. Comparison with the as-built map has also been done. All the spatial information was integrated in a digital form and can be uploaded into a data base. The Integration between ArcView GIS and Idrisi GIS using information from archive has created a GIS data base which is consumer friendly and up to date.
Indeks barah payudara menggunakan rangkaian neural hmlp
(2005-03-01)
Syed Radzuan, Syed Firdaus
Breast cancer is one of the major disease that contribute death among women around the globe nowadays. To solve this matter, breast cancer index is introduced. This software calculate the probability of someone being affected by breast cancer. Hybrid multilayered perceptron (HMLP) neural network is used to diagnosed and checked the data got from researchers. Besides that, by combining HMLP together with modified recursive prediction error (MRPE), this network will choose the optimum weight to get precise calculation and near to the real value. HMLP network is used because of its high confidence percentage and high accuracy if compared to other neural network. On top of that, this network is still new and the latest in neural network world. All the algorithms are programmed using Borland C++ Builder software. This software is an interface for the user who wishes to use this breast cancer software.
Data logging hardware systems
(2005-03-01)
Wan Salleh, Wan Mohd Shukri
Secara umumnya, Sistem Perolehan Data merupakan satu sistem peralatan elektronik yang dibina bertujuan untuk merekodkan data daripada persekitaran luar dalam jangka masa tertentu. Data yang direkod adalah ditentukan oleh pengguna, kebiasaannya merupakan parameter fizikal seperti suhu, kelembapan relatif, tekanan, voltan, aras air dan sebagainya. Kesemua data ini berkemungkinan terdiri daripada data analog atau digital, yang mana bergantung kepada jenis parameter tersebut. Sistem ini dibina bertujuan mencerap data-data yang berkaitan dengan pergerakan sebuah robot dalam air. Data tersebut ialah suhu persekitaran, arah kedudukan, sudut sendeng robot, tarikh dan waktu pencerapan data. Kesemua data ini dicerap dengan menggunakan pengesan masing-masing iaitu pengesan suhu LM35DZ, pengesan Memsic 2125 bagi mengesan sudut sendeng dan kompas pengesan arah elektro-mekanikal. Pengesan suhu LM35DZ memberikan keluaran dalam bentuk voltan analog kepada mikropengawal, manakala pengesan pecutan Memsic 2125 dan kompas pengesan arah elektro mekanikal memberikan keluaran dalam bentuk digital kepada mikropengawal.
Antena pintar
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Ahmad Khairol Azhani
This project is about a developing an antena. It’s called smart antenna. This antenna has 6 patch element on it. Smart antenna having a wide angular range and high gain value that is 6 dBic. Smart antenna has a pattern that is not fixed, but adapts to the current radion conditions. The technique is a simple switching between predefined beams to optimum beamforming. This technique can decrease power loss because the beam is only be radiated toward the user only, the power radiated in other directions will be exprienced as interference by other users. Smart antenna will directing a beam toward the comunication partner only. Smart antena can increase the capacity, increase the range,prepare a new service, security and reduced multipath propagation. Smart antenna be designed as thin, compact, small and simple because it will be mounted on bullet train, ship and car roof.
Sistem pengecaman bentuk berdasarkan fpga
(2005-03-01)
Zainal Ariffin, Nur Bayani
Pattern recognition is an important part to human being daily life, because we always recognize the patterns in all aspects our works. Pattern recognition means that the definition, identification and the classification by deciding the characteristics of that pattern which is need to be known. It is always can be an application to whatever course and now have been used widely among the people. Hence, a pattern recognition system by an array of chemical sensor application will be developing based on FPGA. It is purposely to develop hardware for that application. Beside that, an algorithm also will be used to implement this system. Fuzzy Inferences System has been chosen as the method for designing the system. This method will be implementing to the system since it is a popular way to represent pattern recognition system. There are 3 main processes that have to be done by this method, they are fuzzification, rules inferences engine and defuzzification. The Xilinx Foundation 2.1 Series based on FPGA is the methodology for development this system.
Active and passive fet mixer
(2005-03-01)
Mustapa, Muzalifah
To accomplish the project for in designing an active mixer and passive mixer, the main problem is to obtain the conversion gain for the active mixer design compared to passive mixer design. From the linearity issue, active mixer design is nonlinear compared to passive mixer design that is more linear. Besides that, the active mixer has better isolation compared to the passive mixer. This project will be created by applying the circuit design into simulation from HP-ADS (Advanced design system) to the circuit board that is appropriate and and analyzation will be made for both designs. The results at the conversion gain, linearity issue, and port-to-port isolation will be compared for both of the design and will be discussed according to the theory. Additionally, all problem that may occur from the design and analyzation will be considered and the inaccurate result from measurement will be discussed. The mixer will be designed in down conversion system. This circuit is designed by using the hardwares and the surface mount chip elements that are in effective cost and applicable with the practical usage. Therefore, the design of mixer and the analyzation can be make without any intricacy. Hopefully the design of the active mixer and passive mixer using FET transistor can be continued and improved for the usage in variety of application in the future.
An analysis of two dimensionality reduction techniques on the performance of neural network classifiers
(2005-03-01)
Ong, Siok Lan
This project involves an analysis of the effectiveness of two dimensionality reduction techniques, i.e., Principal Component Analysis as the standard approach and Random Projection as a recent technique. The study is based on the performance of two supervised neural network classifiers i.e., Standard Backpropagation and Fuzzy ARTMAP. A set of benchmark and real medical databases are used to evaluate the performance of the neural network models. The performance indicators used are percentage of correct classification, purity, and collective entropy. The Student’s two-tailed paired t-test is used to compare the significance of differences of the results. Based on the estimated 95% confidence intervals, a strong decision which eventually leads to a convincing conclusion on the performance of the dimensionality reduction techniques can be obtained. The perceived experimental results especially from the real medical data sets are encouraging enough to prove that Random Projection exhibits good performance as a dimensionality reduction technique. Surprisingly, Random Projection is effective on low dimensional data, and the outcomes are as good as Principal Component Analysis. A discussion on generalization of the results obtained is included, and a conclusion ensues. Recommendations are also included for further improvements and enhancements in the analysis of dimensionality reduction techniques.
Design of a 200watts, 12volts output voltage buck-boost dc-dc converter for photovaltaic application
(2005-03-01)
Lau, Phooi San
Solar energy becomes a very important source of power energy as the other power sources especially petroleum is decreasing. This brings to development of photovoltaic applications. To widen the usage of photovoltaic application, buckboost converter is an important device to stabilize performance of photovoltaic application that is depends on intensity of the sunshine. A buck-boost converter with 200W and 12V DC output voltage has been designed in this project to help in mentioned problem. This project included design of buck-boost converter, simulation of the circuit and building of hardware. SG 3524 is selected as the SMPS controller for the buck-boost converter. To generate square-wave from SG 3524, simple control circuit had to be designed and connected to the chip. Two types of switch, which are MOSFET and BJT, have been used to decide the most suitable configuration to drive a buck-boost converter. From experiments, PNP BJT is chosen as switch and drives the converter successfully. The output meets expected 12V DC output from varying input between 6V and 20V. Efficiency of this converter is varying between 91% and 47% depends on the varying input voltage. With this buck-boost converter, the input voltage can be stabilized at level 12V by controlled of duty cycle of switching waveform.
Design and analysis of cmos based rfic bandpass filter (bpf) for 1.9ghz range for cdma applications
(2005-03-01)
Ngoh, Say Kit
The rapid development of wireless applications has created a demand for low-cost, compact, low-power hardware solutions. This demand has driven efforts to realize fully integrated, “single-chip” solution systems. While substantial progress had been made in the integration of many RF and baseband processing elements through the development of new technologies and refinements of existing technologies, progress in the area of fully integrated filters has been limited due to the losses (low Q) associated with integrated passive elements in standard IC process. The work in this report focuses on the design and analysis of CMOS based RFIC bandpass filter for center frequency of 1.90Hz. The entire design and analysis of the filter circuit have been carried out by ultilizing Cadence IC Design Tools (version 5.033). This report present a methodology for designing a Q-enhanced bandpass filter with active negative resistance generator circuitry to compensate for the filter losses due to the low quality factor of monolithic spiral inductors. The first phase of this work focus on the design and simulation of an ideal, fully integrated second order Butterworth bandpass filter (with -3dB bandwidth of 200MHz centered at 1.9GHz, corrensponding to the CDMA2000 Standard) ultilizing Cadence IC Design Tools with Silterra 0.18um Design Kit. The ideal bandpass filter which based on the paper work calculation is first constructed by using Silterra SMCMOS ideal component and the simulation results are observed. The ideal circuit is then simulated by using Silterra RF component (which include all parasitic effects) to show the actual filter performance. In the second phase of this work, a FET-based active negative resistance circuit is developed and being added into the bandpass filter circuitry to compensate the filter loss. With features of Cadence IC Design Tools, the filter is analyzed and optimized to obtain the best response. The best filter design achieves ≈ 0dB of passband gain or insertion loss while consuming 8.8mA of current from a ± 1.8V source (31.69mW). The filter provides more than 10dB of rejection at 1.5GHz and 2.5GHz. In the filter passband, the noise figure is 5.25dB and input return loss is -20dB. The filter response only suffered a minor frequency shift for a wide range of operating temperature. The bandpass filter has potential application as RF filters in CMOS integrated transceiver designs.
Design and analysis of cmos rfic if lowpass filter 1.9ghz range for cdma applications
(2005-03-01)
Loo, Kwang Tatt
In this century, the world’s is starting to bloom by the wireless communication. 3rd generation (3G) communication requirement is a must in the recent market demand and 4th generation (4G) is on its way. Portable wireless communication systems require many complex transceiver components. Many design techniques have been proposed for monolithic filters as they are key components of the transceiver systems. Since cost, reliability, performance, size and power consumption are main concerns of these components, they should ideally be realized as integrated circuits wherever possible. More challengingly, the whole system is implemented as of system on chip (SOC), which also known as radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). Due to high frequency, radio frequency (RF) filters are often discrete components rather than on chip. But, analog filter is preferred in the design of high-performance electronic circuits for the intermediate frequency (IF) stage with low cost and low power consumption for high-speed applications. At baseband, filters are mostly digital filter due to programmability. In general, filters can appear in three places: 1) RF stage : RF filters are mostly discrete components. 2) IF stage : IF filters are analog integrated components. 3) Baseband : Digital filters are typically applied.
Design and tradeoff characterizations of high frequency balanced amplifier for rf integrated system
(2005-03-01)
Tai, Wen Qi
This report included design, analysis and implementation of high frequency balanced amplifier operate at center frequency of 1.9 GHz. System and circuit design are carried out with the aid of a powerful design tool - Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS 2003A). Balanced amplifier is a type of amplifier that combines 2 similar single-ended amplifiers into single unit, which can perform amplification of input RF signal. There are two common types of single-ended amplifier: amplifier with lumped element and microstrip matching network. In this project, both types of amplifier are designed and built. Analysis and comparison carried out on this two different topology are included in this report. Initial design using ideal component provided the basic structure and complete circuit of the amplifiers. In the beginning stage, the design steps included mathematical calculations and analysis. Detailed design steps with replaced actual model are carried out after the structure of circuits are obtained. Different types of simulation using ADS are done to observe performances of the balanced amplifiers. Using features of ADS, the values of design are optimized to obtain required performances. Result of simulations are included in this report. The balanced amplifier design are implemented in both software and hardware. Circuit’s layout design using ADS’s features is part of hardware implementations. The amplifier circuits are built on printed circuit board (PCB). The hardwares built are tested with network and spectrum analyzer in to obtain required characteristics and specifications. Measurements taken from hardware test are compared to results from simulations. Variations that existed from both results are discussed in this report.
Antena dwi-jalur menggunakan kabel sepaksi
(2005-03-01)
Ahmad Ramli, Maisarah
Antenna using coaxial cable is extensively used in communication system. However the knowledge and characteristic about this type of antenna is not complete and therefore a comprehensive research is necessary. This project has examine the main characteristic of this antena such as the resonant frequency, input impedance and radiation pattern. This examine have been done to get the theoretical equivalent so that this antenna can be use as dual band antenna. The meaning of dual band antenna is it can be use in UHF (ultra high frequency) dan GPS (global positioning system). The research is done by measuring the resonant frequency for the model antenna. Then all the frequency data will be plot in graph to find the relationship that exist. The equivalent are successfully been create but it is not exact. The input impedance for this antenna also have been studied. Input impedance is one of the important parameter to know the capability of the antenna. Next are the reseach of the radiation pattern. The half wave dipole antenna will be use as the transmitter while the receiver is coaxial cable antenna.
Rekabentuk penguat hingar rendah (lna) cmos beraruhan merosot bebezaan penuh untuk penerima wcdma
(2005-03-01)
Law, Eng Hui
A 2.1 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA), intended for use in a Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) receiver has been implemented in 0.18μm RF process. The amplifier provides a forward gain (S21) of 11.42dB with a noise figure of only 1.7dB and drawing 12.66mA from a 1.8V supply voltage. The 1dB-compression point of the LNA is -9.82dB. In this thesis, detailed analysis of the LNA architecture will be presented. The LNA employed an inductive source degeneration topology, that is, a degenerative inductor is used to provide 50Ω input impedance matching. An advantage of this method is that unlike other methods, it does not bring with it the thermal noise of an ordinary resistor because a pure reactance is noiseless. This LNA uses differential architecture rather than single-ended architecture to provide better common-mode rejection ratio. The main problem faced in the project was to obtain a 50Ω input and output impedance while maintaining the gain to be in the range of 10dB to 15dB. This gain specification is to ensure that the LNA provide enough gain but not too high as to avoid nonlinearity that can cause distortion. LNA should not consume too much power to have good portability. Finally, the performance of the designed low noise amplifier meets all of the specification.
Sistem pemprosesan imej perubatan
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Rohaida
Breast cancer is one of the main causes to women death nowadays. Medical specialist uses mammogram and ultrasound screening to detect and identifying the breast tumour. Cervical cancer is second causes to women death. Pap test is used to detect the biological changes of cervical cell. However, sometime medical specialist faces difficulties in analyzing the mammogram, ultrasound and Pap smear images. Medical images, which are analyzed by Radiologist and Patalogist are normally affected by unwanted noise and blur such as blood and sometimes the images are too dark or too bright. These factors contribute to error diagnosis or screening. Therefore, project proposes “Medical Images Processing System” using Borland C++ Builder version 6 to increase the problems. This user-friendly system is developed to improve the weaknessess which occur during the medical images processing. Image processing techniques such as filtering are provided in the system, contrast enhancement, boundary segmentation and edge detection. The results show that the proposed succesfully improved the tumour contrast, segmented the tumour, detected the tumour edges and reduce unwanted noise of the medical images.
Pembangunan aplikasi sistem pencerapan data berasaskan sistem pelantar linux
(2005-03-01)
Mustafa, Anuar
This project is about the development of an application for data acquisition by using Linux as the platform. Linux is used as a platform to develop applications on data logger, data communication and the analyse of data. The development of these processes is by using C programming language as the main programming. Other than that, some other programs in the Linux is used to help in the development of this data acquisition. The objective of this project is to analyse data on a real-time system. In other words, the development of this project is to create an application on data acquisition which can be connected between two computers by using Linux as the main platform. Linux is being used in conjunction with the widely used of Linux operating system in modern industries other than Windows operating system. The project that being developed can read a sequence of data, process the data received and save them in a file. This simple data acquistion system is a real-time system which consists of data collecting from a data generating simulation process, the serial communication between two computers, the data processing and the output storage in the computer.
Pengesanan cahaya menggunakan penglihatan mesin
(2005-03-01)
Haji Omar, Abd Moin
Lightning strike is one of the phenomenons that can cause damage of properties, badly injury, and also the death. Cause of that, all the buildings which have more than 3 floors, must equip with the lightning conductor. For this project, one investigation have made to the area of Sport Centre of University Science Malaysia, Engineering Campus which doesn’t have the lightning protector. From that investigation, football field 1, football field 2 and rugby field have a high risk of lightning strike. In addition, these fields always full with the student everyday and definitely it is so dangerous. In this project, I have designed the lightning protection system which will protect the people who play at the fields of Sport Center. This system is divided by two sections. First section will responsible to protect the goal side. It is designed with 20 m high of iron net along the field wide. The second section will protect the center of the field. It has 20 meter high of two flag-poles at each side of field. Those flag poles and the iron net are equipped with the earth system for the over-current when the lightning strike occurs. From this project, the risk of lightning strike to people is less and safe for people to play at any time and any weather.

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