Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Monograf

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Pengelog data untuk multi-meter digital
(2004-03-01)
Lai, Thiam Hee
A normal multimeter is used to measure the voltage and current of certain circuits and also the resistance across certain lines. As the world of electronics evolves, multimeter evolved from analog to digital. But how to incoporate the data measured from a digital multimeter into a computer? The answer to the above question is the datalogger of the digital multimeter. The datalogger is connected into the digital multimeter so that the data measured can be stored into its memory. Before the era of datalogger, some latest digital multimeters have serial interface ready. By linking the interface to the computer, one can get the recording of oscilloscope for slow signals. On the downside, the computer has to be present at the measurement location, and left running all the time. Besides, the digital multimeter occupies the serial port during the entire measurement. These disadvantages certainly points to wastage of computer resources. The datalogger designed will be free of these disadvantages. It can automatically captures the discrete measurement values supplied by the digital multimeter and puts them into permanent storage. When the need arises, the contents of the datalogger will then be downloaded into computer for data manipulation.
Designing and developing the navigation system for the underwater robot.
(2005)
Zulkifli, Muhammad Nubli
Navigation system is one of the important parts in developing the underwater robot. In this project, the navigation system that has been developed has the characteristics like autonomous, portable, low cost development and easy to used. The development of this project has several levels such as system design, system development, subsystem test, system test and maintenance. The development of this project can be divided into 2 parts, hardware development and software development. The hardware development is done by merging 3 important components such as input, controller and output. Input parts are consisting of 2 components such like digital compass and sonar. For the output, output part consisting 2 components such like stepper motor and DC motor and Basic Stamp II microcontroller is a controller. Software design has been done by following the instructions desired for the navigation system. The program, will execute by microcontroller. This navigation system will operate automatically, where the instructions were given by user at the earlier stage. After that, the navigation system will instruct the robot to go to the destination given. If there is any ostacle detected by sonar, then underwater robot will avoid that obstacle. And if there is no more obstacle detected by sonar, than robot will continue to go to the destination given. As a whole, this project attained the objective, but there is still more thing can be done to improve this system to become more effective and robust.
Rekabentuk antena dua kutub mikrojalur tampalan segiempat tepat.
(2005-03)
Jaafar, Siti Hajar
Recently the use of microstrip antenna for wireless applications such as Bluetooth application, Global Special Mobile or GSM application, mobile communication and others are becoming the favorite choice for antenna designers. Thus, antenna with 2.000 GHz frequency have been designed to investigate the characteristic of dual polarized antenna. These antenna are designed using a rectangular microstrip patch trimmed at the corner, with a 50 ohm microstrip line feed method and a FR4 substrate as dielectric. The investigation of these design are using a Advanced Design System 2004A or ADS 2004A by Agilent Technologies Sdn. Bhd company. Two method of investigation have been proposed to find the characteristic of the antenna are scattering parameter or S11 and radiation pattern. For scattering parameter experiment, network analyzer are used while for radiation pattern experiment, signal generator and vector voltmeter are used. Based on the analysis result of experiment , these antenna established the dual polarized characteristic with a magnitude of reflection coefficient is -20.974 dB at 2.000 GHz using Advanced Design System 2004A software while from hardware experiment, the result show that the reflection coefficient is -15.197 dB at 2.028 GHz. Hopefully, that these report about dual polarized antenna is worthwhile and give a better knowledge on the antenna design field for further future.
An analysis of two dimensionality reduction techniques on the performance of neural network classifiers
(2005-03-01)
Ong, Siok Lan
This project involves an analysis of the effectiveness of two dimensionality reduction techniques, i.e., Principal Component Analysis as the standard approach and Random Projection as a recent technique. The study is based on the performance of two supervised neural network classifiers i.e., Standard Backpropagation and Fuzzy ARTMAP. A set of benchmark and real medical databases are used to evaluate the performance of the neural network models. The performance indicators used are percentage of correct classification, purity, and collective entropy. The Student’s two-tailed paired t-test is used to compare the significance of differences of the results. Based on the estimated 95% confidence intervals, a strong decision which eventually leads to a convincing conclusion on the performance of the dimensionality reduction techniques can be obtained. The perceived experimental results especially from the real medical data sets are encouraging enough to prove that Random Projection exhibits good performance as a dimensionality reduction technique. Surprisingly, Random Projection is effective on low dimensional data, and the outcomes are as good as Principal Component Analysis. A discussion on generalization of the results obtained is included, and a conclusion ensues. Recommendations are also included for further improvements and enhancements in the analysis of dimensionality reduction techniques.
Design of a 200watts, 12volts output voltage buck-boost dc-dc converter for photovaltaic application
(2005-03-01)
Lau, Phooi San
Solar energy becomes a very important source of power energy as the other power sources especially petroleum is decreasing. This brings to development of photovoltaic applications. To widen the usage of photovoltaic application, buckboost converter is an important device to stabilize performance of photovoltaic application that is depends on intensity of the sunshine. A buck-boost converter with 200W and 12V DC output voltage has been designed in this project to help in mentioned problem. This project included design of buck-boost converter, simulation of the circuit and building of hardware. SG 3524 is selected as the SMPS controller for the buck-boost converter. To generate square-wave from SG 3524, simple control circuit had to be designed and connected to the chip. Two types of switch, which are MOSFET and BJT, have been used to decide the most suitable configuration to drive a buck-boost converter. From experiments, PNP BJT is chosen as switch and drives the converter successfully. The output meets expected 12V DC output from varying input between 6V and 20V. Efficiency of this converter is varying between 91% and 47% depends on the varying input voltage. With this buck-boost converter, the input voltage can be stabilized at level 12V by controlled of duty cycle of switching waveform.
Antena pintar
(2005-03-01)
Khalid, Ahmad Khairol Azhani
This project is about a developing an antena. It’s called smart antenna. This antenna has 6 patch element on it. Smart antenna having a wide angular range and high gain value that is 6 dBic. Smart antenna has a pattern that is not fixed, but adapts to the current radion conditions. The technique is a simple switching between predefined beams to optimum beamforming. This technique can decrease power loss because the beam is only be radiated toward the user only, the power radiated in other directions will be exprienced as interference by other users. Smart antenna will directing a beam toward the comunication partner only. Smart antena can increase the capacity, increase the range,prepare a new service, security and reduced multipath propagation. Smart antenna be designed as thin, compact, small and simple because it will be mounted on bullet train, ship and car roof.
Sistem pengecaman bentuk berdasarkan fpga
(2005-03-01)
Zainal Ariffin, Nur Bayani
Pattern recognition is an important part to human being daily life, because we always recognize the patterns in all aspects our works. Pattern recognition means that the definition, identification and the classification by deciding the characteristics of that pattern which is need to be known. It is always can be an application to whatever course and now have been used widely among the people. Hence, a pattern recognition system by an array of chemical sensor application will be developing based on FPGA. It is purposely to develop hardware for that application. Beside that, an algorithm also will be used to implement this system. Fuzzy Inferences System has been chosen as the method for designing the system. This method will be implementing to the system since it is a popular way to represent pattern recognition system. There are 3 main processes that have to be done by this method, they are fuzzification, rules inferences engine and defuzzification. The Xilinx Foundation 2.1 Series based on FPGA is the methodology for development this system.
Design of efficient baseline coders for image compression
(2005-03-01)
Tharmalingam, Vicknatheeban
Image compression is the process of reducing the number of bits required to represent an image. This can be achieved by reducing (or ideally, eliminating) various types of redundancy that exist in the imaging data. This research develops various types of down-sampling filters to compress the image and followed by up-sampling filters to decompress the image. The concept used to down-sample is by deleting either the odd or even numbered columns or rows. Besides that, the columns and rows are also deleted in two’s to further compress the image. The image is then up-sampled by using duplication or replacing the deleted row or columns with the average of other rows or columns. The compression ratio achieved through this research is 50% and 67%. The images are then compared by the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and through observation to decide on the best type of filter. Through the research and results, it is proved that the filter that up-samples the image by replacing the deleted rows with the average of the two subsequent even numbered row has the best output.
Low noise active integrated antenna (lnaia)
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Mahadzir, Mohd Mustami
Nowadays, the developments of wireless communication fields are widely used. One of them is the usage of the antennas in data transmission between the receive antenna and the transmit antenna. Active Integrated Antenna (AIA) is a new technology that integrates the passive antenna element with active device in a single substrate. In this project, an inset feed microstrip patch antenna is integrated with a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to produce an AIA system. The purpose of this project is to investigate in terms of active and passive performance of the antenna. Indeed, this microstrip patch antennas are known to be easy to be integrated with active devices. This microstrip patch antennas will directly be integrated to the transistor, producing gains and low noise. Commonly, antennas that have been designed are not integrated directly to the active devices, causing high noise but with the AIA approach it could reduce the losses. This Low Noise Active Integrated Antenna (LNAIA) is resonated at 2 GHz that used transmission line feeding method with impedance matching at 50 ohm. The matching technique is important in designing the LNA. Besides that, this AIA’s have many advantages such as less cost, smaller size and good for radiation characteristic for microwave wireless communications.
Pemodelan sistem pintar untuk menentukan nilai pecahan minyak
(2005-03-01)
Mohamood, Nadzrie
The project title is modeling of an intelligent system for oil-fraction determination. The purpose of this project is to determine the fractions of oils in a pipeline containing two components, which are oil and gas. There are many types of flow regimes that could form in a pipeline such as stratified, core, annular, bubble, and homogenous flows. In this project all flow regimes need to be created by way of geometrical segments using program and will be fed into the Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) simulator to get a set of ECT data which is represented in the form of independent capacitance measurements. This project uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to solve the problem of oil-fraction determination. The entire work of this project realizes Matlab version 6.5.1 software. This project does not go through the image reconstruction stage to determine the oil-fraction. All those data from the ECT simulator will be divided into 3 categories to be used in learning process of ANN. 40% of the data are used for training, 20% for validation, and the remaining 40% for testing data. Each data division is done randomly. The ANN architecture used is Radial Basis Function (RBF). The RBF will be trained with the training data chosen before regarding to the various probability of fraction of oil in a vessel. The output is a value between 0 and 1, corresponding to the fraction of oil in a pipe cross section.
Design of up-conversion mixer front end transmitter for cdma application at 900mhz using cmos technology
(2005-03-01)
Tan, Wee Chuan
This report included design, and simulation results of up conversion mixer that operate at LO frequency 798 MHz. System and circuit design had been carried out with the aid of software program Cadence. Two steps up conversion mixer is a type of mixer that combines a single side band mixer and a double side balanced mixer to perform two steps up conversion process. First part of mixer will convert IF input signal at 40 MHz to 572 MHz by multiplication with LO signal at 532 MHz. The output of mixer part one consists 2 spectrum frequency at 572 MHz and 492 MHz. A Band pass filter is needed to filter the spectrum on 492MHz, the output signal after filtering process by band pass filter is at 572MHz. The output signal will become the input signal for mixer second part. Second part of mixerwill convert the input signal at 572MHz to 838MHz by multiplication with another LO signal at 266MHz. The detail circuits design is discussed in chapter 5 and performance for each part of the mixer system are tested and measured in cadence. The results are listed in Chapter 6.
Rekabentuk pengelog data untuk solar panel
(2005-03-01)
Mohd Johari, Mohd Ridzuan
This report discusses a data logger design using a microcontroller that had been tested for measurement, storage and data analysis purpose. PIC16C73 microcontroller is combined with other chips to show a typical format for interface. Data input included measurement and recorded voltage, current and solar module power. This report discusses about theory and real application of data logger. Voltage divider concept is used to measure the output of solar module. This report also discusses about basic of data logger and it architecture such as measuring circuit, logger circuit and reader circuit. Data logger operation and its programming are discussed in this report. Indirectly this project contains two main elements hardware and software development.
Theory and application of magneto-optic techniques in the non contact measurement of current
(2005-03-01)
Munusamy, Narayanan
Although the use of semiconductor magnetic sensors and fiber optical devices for making quantitative industrial controls, navigation systems, medical imaging and land mine detection have been long established. There exists a body of other measurement capabilities for such devices, which have gone generally unnoticed. These involve measurement of current, charge carrier, magnetic flux, voltage and power which may be generally referred to as electrical quantities. The semiconductor magnetic sensors used to detect changes in current as big as 10.0A and on the other hand, the photo detector used to detects changes in light due to the variation of current as small as 1.0mA. Because of the measurement occurs contact less and a high temporal resolution is achievable, this sensor and optical techniques can open up a new perspectives in the field of real-time production metrology, for example controlling DC motor or a chemical process with saves in consuming time, manpower and money.
Design of bandpass filter front-end receiver for cdma application at 900mhz using cmos technology
(2005-03-01)
Ching, Kai Lun
A fourth order bandpass filter with a center frequency of 40 MHz and bandwidth of 1.25 MHz is designed using CMOS 0.18 μm technology. In this thesis, the power consumption, linearity and noise performance of a CMOS Gm-C bandpass filter are studied. Two 40 MHz bandpass filters are designed and analyzed. Both filters are 4thorder bandpass filters constructed by cascading 2 stages of biquads. The first design of the filter uses only transconductance cells together with capacitors and resistors. The measured IIP3 of the first design is -3.45 dBm with a gain of 42.79 dB and the noise figure is 25 dB. The power consumption is 3.2 mW with a 1.8 V voltage supply. The resistance value reaches as high as 216 kΩ. It can be tuned from 8.38 MHz to 84.3 MHz. The second design of the filter employs negative transconductance cells together with transconductance cells, capacitors and resistors. The measured IIP3 of the second design is -4.33 dBm with a gain of 35.16 dB and the noise figure is 29 dB. The power consumption is 5.84 mW with a 1.8 V voltage supply. The second design which employs negative transconductance cells has reduced the resistance value to just a few kΩ without much effect on the performance of the filter. The tuning range of the second filter is from 8.38 MHz to 76.31 MHz.
Rekabentuk penyalun dilektrik 10 ghz yang mempunyai ayunan penimbal
(2005-03-01)
Wan Abdullah, Wan Mohd Afindi
This project is to design a dielectric resonator oscillator at frequency of 10 GHz. To make this oscillator, a dielectric oscillator is connected to an amplifier to create a positive loop feedback. In the design of this oscillator, an oscillator circuit was developed and tested to determine whether the citcuit oscillator or not. The amplifier circuit also has been designed and the gain was set to be greater than zero in order to ensure the circuit will have the desired output. Both of these circuits was be combined to create an oscillator. The circuit was tested again to ensure that the value of Gain from the circuit satisfied the specification and need. In designing the circuit layout, two circuit boards have been developed to test the puck that is being used. The first circuit board is using only one line fabrication and the second circuit board is using two lines fabrication. This circuit board was connected to the network analyzer to measure the frequency response of the puck.
Investigate instability behaviour in high power ldmos power amplifier
(2005-03-01)
Ab Rahman, Ida Idyuni
In this thesis the models of LDMOS power amplifier was been investigated using Advanced Design System (ADS) version 2004A software from Agilent Technologies for operation below 1 GHz frequency range. There are two models considered in this project. Both of the models were provided by Motorola. The two models are RD01MUS1 and RD07MVS1 based on a 59 mil LDMOS transistor using type of FR4 PCB Board. Large signal simulations of both models have demonstrated results, which lead to the conclusion that, these models cannot be efficiently utilised for design of input and output matching networks using Unilateral value for Conjugate Matching. However, there are other matching applications; Load Line Matching and Load Pull Analysis that can be used that have not been explored yet by the researcher due to time constraint. Hence, it is important to take into account during new processes of LDMOS as well as to improve the CAD model. The final conclusion regarding LDMOS cannot be made just based on these simulation results, since they are not in accordance with the published ones. The next step should be aimed at improving the model and further investigation of LDMOS to prove their ability to operate with optimum efficiency in above1 GHz frequency range.
E-commerce within 3d environment
(2005-03-01)
Khaw, Kien Weng
With the advent of cheap and fast computer, the notion of 3D graphics has been very popular lately, from video games to weather simulations to movies that give us a glimpse of virtual reality. The World Wide Web has gained even more popularity. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) was born to solve this problem: how to put compelling 3D onto every PC connected to the Web. One of the effective applications of 3D on the Web is 3D ECommerce. Most of the E-Commerce web sites currently available on the internet are presenting their products to their customers using 2D images. Due to the limitations of text and 2D graphics, the customers can just have a vague picture of the product. They could not really know how the product looks like in reality. With 3D environment or virtual reality, the customer of the E-Commerce web site may rotate a product to have a 360-degree view of that product. Rather than a 2D image, the customer can choose how to look at the model or world, the viewer can navigate the world and the most interesting is the file size can often be much less. 3D E-commerce presents the most realistic and detailed view of products to customers. This project is to investigate the feasibility of E-Commerce within 3D environment. In this project, e-commerce within 3D environment is developed. A case study of a furniture shop is considered in this project. VRML is used to develop the 3D objects and environment in the project. In order to provide text and navigation aids to help the user read about and interact with the VRML world, the web site is developed by integrating the VRML world with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) text. Just like any other typical e-commerce web site, a server side application and database supports is a must. In this project, Java Server Pages (JSP) is used to build the server side program which is responsible to generate the web pages with the combination of static and dynamic contents and to communicate with the database. Tomcat is used as the container for running the JSP web application. MySQL, a DBMS, is used to build and manage the database for the project.
Design of digital to analog converter (dac) for integrated bluetooth applications using 0.18μm cmos technology
(2005-03-01)
Low, Pit Xing
Digital to analog converter (DAC) is one of the important elements in thecommunication circuits. In this project, a digital to analog converter which operates with 1.8V voltage supply is implemented based on 0.18μm Silterra CMOS process technology. The implemented digital to analog converter is an 8-bit parallel inputs R-2R architecture converter. The digital to analog converter operates with a reference voltage and provides a current output. An operational amplifier is connected at the output end of the R-2R network to convert the output current to suitable output voltage. This operational amplifier is a current mirror op-amp with open loop dc voltage gain of 24.64dB. Besides, this op-amp achieves bandwidth of 21.5MHz, with the power consumption of 0.85mW. The mentioned reference voltage is established by another circuit block which known as bandgap reference voltage circuit. This bandgap reference voltage circuit is simply composed of CMOS transistors, op-amp, resistors and diodes. The overall D/A converter circuit has the settling time 8ns, which means the data sampling rate of 125MHz, with power consumption of 31.356mW. The schematic entry and simulation of the whole DAC circuits is done using the software Cadence, Virtuoso and Spectre.
Intelligent car park system
(2005-03-01)
Saw, Qher Shynn
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent car park system based on computer and Micro controller. This prototype is build using a model to stimulate the actual car park system. High-level language such as Visual Basic 6 is chosen because it can be used to build a convenient system. By using Visual Basic 6, a user-friendly Graphic User Interface can be created. The basic concept of this project is similar to that of a normal car park, but it has been enhanced with various useful features such as number of cars enters, number of cars illegally parked and number of available lots. All signals will be first processed by the PIC16F877A micro controller and then sent by it to the computer. The main hardware consists of a PIC16F877A micro controller by Microchip Technology Inc, LDR sensors and 7404 Hex Inverter ICs. LDR sensors are placed at entrance and every parking lot to detect cars. The source code of the PIC micro controller is developed using MPLAB Integrated Development Environments while the interface of the car park system is created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6. The main advantages of this project are information is carried out from time to time to give a clear view of empty lots available for drivers. Time consuming can be reduced to the lowest level. Besides that, the cost required to build and manage this intelligent car park system is low so that any company or shopping centre able to possess. Any inconvenience during finding parking lot can be solved easily. This project also designs for capable of guardhouse monitoring activities inside the car park.
Penggambaran informasi kajian kes membantu aktiviti-aktiviti dalam pembangunan perisian
(2005-03-01)
Idris, Faizah
Software engineering is a very complicated process. One of the reason is, software engineering development may require multi version software involving multiple developers. There are many models that we can used to show the phases and the activities in the software development. Waterfall model are being used in this project for the case study because it is straight forward and it is also a linear model. Concerning implementation, VRML will be used to produce the 3D visualization of the phases in the waterfall model. It is hope that the users will get benefit from the 3D representation produce the work described in this thesis.

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