Pusat Kajian Samudera dan Pantai - Tesis

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    Abundance And Distribution Of Plastic Debris In Beach Sediment And Seawater Of The Northern Straits Of Malacca
    (2024-09)
    Lim, Er Vin
    Plastics account for 60% - 80% of marine debris worldwide and Malaysia is the top three plastic polluter country in the world through river pathway to marine environment in 2021. A comprehensive database of the status of plastic pollution in Malaysia is needed to help in achieving better management of plastics, such as the plan in Malaysia’s Roadmap toward Zero-Single-Use Plastics 2018-2030 and Plastics Sustainability Roadmap 2021-2030. This study aims to record the abundance of macro- (> 2.5 cm) and meso-plastic (0.5 – 2.5 cm) debris at selected beaches and microplastics (<0.5 cm) at selected sea surface in the northern Straits of Malacca. All study sites are publicly accessible beaches (Pulau Songsong, Teluk Aling, and Pulau Gazumbo) except Pulau Lembu which is in a Marine Protected Area (MPA). The debris was collected from predetermined transects on the beach and categorised according to its size, form and economic market segments in Malaysia. Most of the macro- (53 – 75% of total mass; p=0.0277, α<0.05) and meso-plastics (53 – 80% of the total number) were accumulated at the backshore area. Public beaches such as Pulau Gazumbo (7.32 ± 9.90 g/m2) and Pulau Songsong (9.77 ± 11.35 g/m2) recorded the highest mass of macroplastics per area by zone. Teluk Aling recorded the lowest mass of macroplastics per area by zone (3.58 ± 3.21 g/m2) but the highest in mesoplastic (0.56 ± 0.60 item/m2). By number, the highest number of macroplastics per area by zone was found at Teluk Aling (1.10 ± 1.29 item/m2) and Pulau Lembu (1.19 ± 0.30 item/m2), while the lowest was found at Pulau Gazumbo (0.44 ± 0.61 item/m2).
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    The Description Of Sea Cucumber On The Nearshore Soft-bottom Of Selected Sites In The Straits Of Malacca, Malaysia
    (2024-09)
    Vincent, Teoh Yong Jian
    Sea cucumbers are one of the targeted animals collected for food. As such, they possess commercial value and should be monitored. However studies on the description and diversity of sea cucumbers in the nearshore zones of the Straits of Malacca in Malaysia for the past ten years were limited to three studies. More studies are needed to manage sea cucumber stocks. This study was conducted to provide a description of the sea cucumbers on the nearshore soft-bottom zones of selected sites in the Straits of Malacca. Field samplings were conducted at Middle Bank, Tanjung Kupang, Blue Lagoon, and Merambong Shoal in the Straits of Malacca from April 2021 to June 2022 during low tide. Additional specimens from the collection of Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS) and USM were examined. Ossicles were extracted, examined, and photographed using a microscope with a camera attached. Images of ossicles were traced with ADOBE Photoshop. All specimens were preserved in CEMACS, USM. A total of 79 individuals were examined and 13 species of sea cucumbers were identified. Middle Bank had the highest diversity of sea cucumbers at eight species with a Diversity Index of 1.688 and Dominance Index of 4.405. Merambong Shoals had the second-highest diversity of sea cucumbers at five species with a Diversity Index of 1.423 and Dominance Index of 3.745. Two new species of sea cucumbers, Euthyonidiella zulfigaris sp. nov. and Acaudina spinifera sp. nov. were discovered and described.