Pusat Kajian Samudera dan Pantai - Tesis

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Abundance And Distribution Of Plastic Debris In Beach Sediment And Seawater Of The Northern Straits Of Malacca
(2024-09)
Lim, Er Vin
Plastics account for 60% - 80% of marine debris worldwide and Malaysia is the top three plastic polluter country in the world through river pathway to marine environment in 2021. A comprehensive database of the status of plastic pollution in Malaysia is needed to help in achieving better management of plastics, such as the plan in Malaysia’s Roadmap toward Zero-Single-Use Plastics 2018-2030 and Plastics Sustainability Roadmap 2021-2030. This study aims to record the abundance of macro- (> 2.5 cm) and meso-plastic (0.5 – 2.5 cm) debris at selected beaches and microplastics (<0.5 cm) at selected sea surface in the northern Straits of Malacca. All study sites are publicly accessible beaches (Pulau Songsong, Teluk Aling, and Pulau Gazumbo) except Pulau Lembu which is in a Marine Protected Area (MPA). The debris was collected from predetermined transects on the beach and categorised according to its size, form and economic market segments in Malaysia. Most of the macro- (53 – 75% of total mass; p=0.0277, α<0.05) and meso-plastics (53 – 80% of the total number) were accumulated at the backshore area. Public beaches such as Pulau Gazumbo (7.32 ± 9.90 g/m2) and Pulau Songsong (9.77 ± 11.35 g/m2) recorded the highest mass of macroplastics per area by zone. Teluk Aling recorded the lowest mass of macroplastics per area by zone (3.58 ± 3.21 g/m2) but the highest in mesoplastic (0.56 ± 0.60 item/m2). By number, the highest number of macroplastics per area by zone was found at Teluk Aling (1.10 ± 1.29 item/m2) and Pulau Lembu (1.19 ± 0.30 item/m2), while the lowest was found at Pulau Gazumbo (0.44 ± 0.61 item/m2).
The Identification Of Squillid Mantis Shrimp And Preliminary Study On Reproduction And Larviculture Of Oratosquillina Interrupta Found In Penang Waters
(2023-04)
Lee Li Yen
Stomatopods or mantis shrimps were historically sold as cheap by-catches. Presently, with increased economic importance in various countries and it is commercially captured for its unique taste and texture. Mantis shrimp has a potential for local aquaculture practices. This study focuses on assessing optimal breeding protocol and determination of larval developmental stages, particularly for the mantis shrimp Oratosquillina interrupta
Marine Spatial Planning Through Management Linkage Approach
(2022-06)
Salem, Albotoush Reda Abdel Aziz
Coastal areas have always been a ‘hub’ of resources and a target for infrastructure development, yet, considered vulnerable in many parts of the world. And these are often face dilemmas associated with urbanization, adverse climatic, and environmental change for living organisms, along with the absence of the implementation of an integrated approach in managing these issues. Therefore, new management approaches had been tried such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) to managing coasts in a sustainable and most effective manner while accommodating its dynamism. However, some challenges appeared related to the management approaches' such as the interference between ICZM (up to 3-12 nm) and MSP (up to 200 nm) from the coastline, not adhering to approved plans (Penang’s ICZM as a case study), the random approach of choosing the management authorities in case of MSP. Thus, the main aim of this thesis is to develop innovative approaches capable of enhancing the conceptualization of MSP and it’s implementation by addressing the following objectives; 1- to assess the current state-of-the-art (from around the globe; particularly the European experience) forms of MSP governance and the organizations in charge of implementation, 2- to determine the organization most suited as an MSP authority, 3-To propose a methodology to link/integrate MSP and ICZM, and 4- to evaluate the efforts associated with ICZM in the state of Penang.
Photophysiology And Photoprotection Of Marine Microalgae Communities In Northern Straits Of Malacca And Antarctic Peninsula
(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020-10)
Muhamad Hilal Mohd Zainudin
Marine microalgae play a significant role in global primary productivity in coastal marine ecosystem. The introduction of active fluorometer such as the Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometer in the 1980s allows measurements photosynthetic parameters in the field. This provides valuable information of microalgae on their responses to different environmental and nutrient conditions. This thesis investigates the community structure and photo-physiology conditions of tropical and polar microalgae and their responses to varying irradiance regimes. It is hypothesized that microalgae composition in tropical and polar will be affected by various environmental variables. Sample was collected from five stations in the Northern Straits of Malacca was conducted in November and December 2015 (wet phase) and February 2016 (dry phase) which started from CEMACS USM, Pulau Pinang to Pulau Songsong, Kedah.
Effects Of Temperature Stress On Symbiodinium Spp. From Selected Scleractinians
(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2018-09)
Nadthikphorn Kamphol
Symbiodinium is described as a coccoid yellow-brown endo-symbiont, which inhabits coral tissues and provides photosynthetic products necessary for corals. However, under stressful conditions such as temperature change, the symbiotic relationship between Symbiodinium and corals may collapse and result in coral bleaching. Hence, this study was conducted to record coral species found in Pulau Songsong, Pulau Kendi and Pulau Redang, and to investigate the effects of temperature increased on the Symbiodinium cell density and health among coral species. Ten families with a total of 21 coral species were recorded. Diving-Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) was used to determine the maximum quantum yield values (dark-adapted) (Fv/Fm), which is an indicator that helps to assess the current health status of corals. The in-situ Fv/Fm value of Porites somaliensis, Porites lutea, Goniopora cellulosa, Turbinaria mesenterina, Oulastrea crispata, Cyphastrea chalcidicum, Goniastrea retiformis and Pavona danai indicated that these corals were healthy and had adapted to maximum bottom light condition (600μmol quanta m-2s-1) during sampling day. Massive meandroid coral colonies like Coelastrea aspera and Goniopora cellulosa recorded high in its zooxanthellae density, 0.258±0.134x10-5cm-2, and 0.224±0.229x10-5cm-2, respectively, in 40-60mg/L total suspended solids (TSS) of turbid water area. Moreover, thermal stress experiments were conducted to investigate how the zooxanthellae thrive at 31°C to 37°C of water temperature. Results obtained indicated that every coral expelled two forms of Symbiodinium morphology, which were healthy and degraded cells, and the ratios of these forms differ depending on the exposed temperature. Corals expelled healthy and degraded Symbiodinium cells in the ratio 4:6 when exposed to 30°C -33°C. In contrast, when the temperature was increased to 33°C-37°C, the expulsion rate drastically increased, except Goniopora cellulosa, where almost 80% of the expelled populations exhibited healthy Symbiodinium cells. This result indicated that under non-stress conditions, the corals regulate Symbiodinium density by expelling degraded cells. This function will break down under high temperature, leading to extensive loss of healthy but photosynthetically damaged Symbiodinium cells as their Fv/Fm value was gradually decreased. It was found that Porites lutea, the massive meandroid coral is the most resistant coral species towards the turbid water and high temperature. In conclusion, corals could adapt to stress condition through the action of photoprotective mechanisms such as increasing or decreasing its photo-protective pigments to gain maximum light capture or controlling its Symbiodinium density inhibit within coral polyps.

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