TIMSS 2023 illustrated that Malaysian students were struggling with the logical and systematic thinking needed to solve problems through explanation, justification, and generalisation of mathematical relationships. It portrayed that
Malaysian students were lacking in mathematical reasoning and CT. Hence, integrating programming into mathematics learning is an opportunity to illustrate these abstract concepts visually and train students to think computationally. This study aims
to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Scratch-based mathematics (SBM) module to improve the computational thinking (CT) skills and motivation of year five students in primary school.