Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan - Monograf

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9th International conference on biosience, biochemistry & bioinformatics 2018.
(2019)
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) is overexpressed in activated B-cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) associated with poor survival. In this study, its functions in the disease and the potency of its inhibitor 9-phenanthrol were investigated. The biological functions associated with TR.PM4 mRNA expression were examined through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) in ABC-DLBCL cases (n=15). The cytotoxicity of 9-phenanthrol in three ABC-DLBCL cell lines (SUDHL2, OCI-LY3, OCI-LYIO) was tested at six different concentrations (0.0InM, 0.1 nM, InM, lOnM, 25nM, 50nM). GSEA results showed that cell cycle gene sets conferred the highest number of gene sets representing 42% (n=21/50) of the top 50 most significantly enriched gene sets ranked according to false discovery rate (FDR; all 50 gene sets had FDRO.OI), followed by DNA replication (n=8/50; 16%) and RNA processing (n=8/50; 16%), suggesting the roles of TRPM4 in cell cycle progression and cellular division of ABC-DLBCL. In terms of the cytotoxicity effects of 9-phenanthrol, the resulting GI50 for all ABC-DLBCL cell lines ranged from 19nM-41,88nM. In conclusion, TRPM4 is potentially involved in the cell cycle progression and cellular division of ABC-DLBCL cells, and the TRPM4 inhibitor 9-phenanthrol was cytotoxic against ABC-DLBCL cells.
A comparative study of intra venous patient-controlled analgesia morphine and tramadol in patients undergoing major operation
(2004)
Kamalrujan Hassan, Shamsul
The success of major surgery depends partly on providing effective post-operative pain relief, which can be achieved by morphine administration via PCA system. Tramadol is a weak opioid analgesic, which act mainly on f..L-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Tramadol in comparison with PCA Morphine in tenn of analgesic properties, sedation and other side effects such as nausea, vomiting and pruritus. randomized, double-blinded study was conducted on 160 selected ASA I and II patients who were divided into two groups by a closed envelope technique. Following surgery, the PCA morphine (M) group (n=80) received a loading dose of 0.1 mglkg of intravenous morphine followed by I mg ( 1 mg/ml) of PCA infusion as required. The PCA tramadol (T) group (n=80) received a loading dose of 2.5 mg/kg of intravenous tramadol followed by 10 mg (10 mg/ml) ofPCA infusion as required. The lockout intervals for both groups were 10 minutes. None of the patients received baseline infusion. In the recovery room, patients were given oxygen via facemask and monitored for pain score according to Modified Pain Score, sedation score according to Ramsay Sedation Score, respiratory rate, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, blood pressure and pulse rate. Patients were evaluated at the end of 30 minutes in recovery room. After 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation, patients were again evaluated in the ward. Showed no difference in the demographic data between the two groups (p>0.05). The mean pain score in tramadol group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 1.32 ± 0.79, 1.04 ± 0.79, 0.35 ± 0.48 and 0.09 ± 0.33 respectively. Whereas, the mean pain score in morphine group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 1.35 ± 0.99, 1.14 ± 0.81, 0.40 ± 0.54 and 0.10 ± 0.34 respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean pain score between the t\vo groups at each duration of assessment (p>0.05). The mean sedation score in tramadol group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 0.90 ± 0.74, 0.56 ± 0.59, 0.08 ± 0.27 and 0.02 ± 0.16 respectively. Whereas, the mean sedation score in morphine group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 0.84 ± 0.70, 0.46 ± 0.64, 0.08 ± 0.27 and 0.01 ± 0.11 respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean sedation score between the two groups at each duration of assessment (p>0.05). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus. This study indicates that PCA tramadol is suitable to be used as an alternative to PCA morphine in controlling pain following major surgery. The incidence of sedation, Dallfiea and pruritus were similar in the two groups.
A randomized trial on haemodynamic changes during intubation using airtraqr and macintosh laryngoscope
(2013)
Chen, Chua Chen
Sympathetic response is associated with laryngoscopy and intubation. Such response can be hazardous to patients with poor physiological reserve. Many research and development were done to look for the best way of obtunding this response. New laryngoscopes like Airtraq® laryngoscope were designed to improve the process of intubation and thus reduces sympathetic response secondary to laryngoscopy and intubation. To compare the sympathetic response and immediate complication of endotracheal intubation using Airtraq® and Macintosh laryngoscope, which are then analyzed to determine if the newer Airtraq® laryngoscope is an inferior, equal or superior alternative to the mainstay Macintosh laryngoscope. This is an experimental, prospective, stratified, single blind randomized study. 142 patients who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were allocated into Airtraq® and Macintosh group according to age group, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. sBP, dBP, MAP and HR of patients at baseline, during intubation, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes post-intubation were collected and compared. Complications associated with laryngoscopy and intubation were observed in this study too. Statistical analysis using mean (SD) and ANOVA test were performed on the data obtained. Data was compared in general, age group below 40 years old and age group above 40 years old. In general, there was significant difference within group for both Airtraq® and Macintosh groups for sBP, dBP, MAP (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant different between and within-between group for sBP, dBP, MAP and HR. Pressure response was significant different within and between groups for age group more than 40 years old (p 0.05) and the changes were more than 20.0% from the baseline in Airtraq® group. No significant different in HR between 2 groups and the changes were less than 20.0% in all age groups. Airtraq® laryngoscope causes less sympathetic stimulation during laryngoscopy and intubation. It is suitable to use in elder patients and those which exaggerated sympathetic response during laryngoscopy can be hazardous.
A study to determine association of pattern of calcifications in ct scan and staging of retinoblastoma in Hospital University Science Malaysia.
(2011)
Goon, Rozita
A study to determine the association between pattern of calcification in CT scan and staging of retinoblastoma in Hospital University Science Malaysia(HUSM). Retinoblastoma is one of the most common intraocular malignancy in children under 15 years old. About 80% of cases occurs in patients under 3 years old. The incidence varies form countries to countries. In United States of America, it occurs in 1 of every 15000 live birth. Most incidence of retinoblastoma is unilateral, bilateral involvement is seen in approximately 30% of cases and it is detected earlier. Physical and radiological examination helps in diagnosing retinoblastoma. CT scan of the orbit is one of the important tools in diagnosing retinoblastoma. Intraocular calcification can be detected in about 80% of the CT scan of orbit. Many researches have been performed since 1980s to determine association between intraocular calcification in retinoblastoma with prognosis and size of the tumour. The aim of study is to determine the association between intraocular retinoblastoma in CT scan and staging in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). To determine frequency of intraocular calcification in retinoblastoma and association between the pattern of calcification with histopathological examination, clinical data and staging. This was a retrospective descriptive study. The age of patients were ranged from 0 to 7 years old. 23 patients with 24 involved eyes were included in this study during the study period from January 2003 until July 2010. All patients had undergone pretreatment CT scan of the orbit and enucleation. The CT scans were performed using GE Lightspeed Plus with contiguous 1.25mm orbital slice in axial projection. A repeated examination was done after intravenous injection of contrast medium Omnipaque (300 mg iodine/ ml). From these, coronal images were reformatted through the orbits and oblique sagittal images were reformatted through the optic nerves. Characteristic of calcification on CT scan images which were presence of calcification, size, site and Hounsfield Unit of calcification were recorded. CT scan images were reviewed via GE Centricity PACS- IW (Intregrated web) version 3.71. Histological findings which were presence of calcification, size, site of tumour and optic nerve involvement were recorded. History of presenting illness, family history, demographic data and clinical classification were sought form medical record and recorded. Association between characteristic of calcification and histological findings, clinical data and staging were determined. There was 95% intraocular CT calcification seen in retinoblastoma in this study. There was significant association between presence of calcification on CT and presence of calcification on HPE(p=0.042). There was also significant association between presence of HPE calcification and CT calcification site(p=0.016). Significant association noted between CT calcification size and strabismus(p=0.035). Although presence of calcification on CT scan was used as a criteria to diagnosed retinoblastoma especially in children younger than 3 years old, there is no significant association between patterns of the calcification with staging in retinoblastoma.
Determination of paracetamol and caffeine in dosage forms by high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection.
(2006)
Ismail, Ismazarni
A simple, accurate, and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine in dosage forms is described. The HPLC system consisted of Water Alliance Series 2475 with photo diode array detection. The separations were c.arried out at room temperature on a C-8 (5 J.lffi, 250 x 4.6 mm i.d) Luna 5~ C-8 (2) Phenomenax Prodigy} analytical column. A mixture of 0.01 M KH2P04, methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropyl alcohol was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mllmin. Mobile phase solvents were degassed for 30 min. using ultrasonic bath and filtered through a 0.45 J.lm Milipore filter. The wavelength was in range of 210 to 400 nm. The validation validation linearity (r = 0.9998, 0.996 respectively for caffeine and paracetamol). The calculations of the concentration of paracetamol and caffeine were based on peak areas using calibration plots. The retention time of the separation of the mixture of caffeine and paracetamol were recorded as 11.695 min and 9.684 min respectively. This method is successfully applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical preparations, yielding better resolution, sensitivity, and ease of operation as compared to the existing methods.
Determination of the heavy metals contamination from batik factory effluents to its surrounding
(2016)
Muslim, Noor Zuhartini Md
Batik industries may produce a large amount of effluents with a high concentration of pollutants such as heavy metals. Heavy metals are environmentally stable, non-biodegradable, and toxic to living beings. Heavy metals tend to accumulate in soils, plants and eventually cause chronic and adverse effects on human health. In this study, the levels of heavy metals in effluent, soil and plant around batik factories were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Effluent, soil and plant samples were collected from three batik factories in Kota Bharu , Kelantan. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe) were chosen as representative metal elements. The results indicated that high concentration of heavy.
Development of novel approach rapid multiplex real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification
(2017)
Yean, Chan Yean
Effects of Peri-Vitelline Fluid (PVF) obtained from fertilized eggs of horseshoe crab on cultured human dental pulp stem cells
(2017)
Kannan, T.P.
Objective: Perivitelline fluid (PVF) of the horseshoe crab embryo has been reported to possess an important role during embryogenesis by promoting cell proliferation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PVF on the proliferation, chromosome aberration (CA) and mutagenicity of the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods: This is an in vitro experimental study. PVF samples were collected from horseshoe crabs from beaches in Malaysia and the crude extract was prepared. DPSCs were treated with different concentrations of PVF crude extract in an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (cytotoxicity test). We choose two inhibitory concentrations (IC50 and IC25) and two PVF concentrations which produced more cell viability compared to a negative control (100%) for further tests. Quantitative analysis of the proliferation activity of PVF was studied using the AlamarBlue• assay for 10 days. Population doubling times (POTs) of the treatment groups were calculated from this assay. Genotoxicity was evaluated based on the CA and Ames tests. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent t test to calculate significant differences in the PDT and mitotic indices in the CA test between the treatment and negative control groups. Significant differences in the data were P<0.05. Results: A total of four PVF concentrations retrieved from the MTT assay were 26.887 mg/ml (IC50), 14.093 mg/ml (IC25 }, 0.278 mg/ml (102% cell viability) and 0.019 mg/ml (102.5% cell viability). According to the AlamarBlue assay, these PVF groups produced comparable proliferation activities compared to the negative (untreated) control. POTs between PVF groups and the negative control were insignificantly different (P>0.05). No significant aberrations in chromosomes were observed in the PVF groups and the Ames test on the PVF showed the absence of significant positive results. Conclusion: PVF from horseshoe crabs produced insignificant proliferative activity on treated DPSCs. The PVF was non-genotoxic based on the CA and Ames tests.
Effects of resistance training on selected healthrelated fitness variables among female students of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus
(2012)
Rigar, Carl Sherman
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance training among female students of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus on selected health-related fitness variables including body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. A total of twenty healthy female students of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus (20.3 ± 0.7 years old) were involved in this study. All subjects underwent pre-test where their anthropometrical measurements, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility were measured. They were randomly assigned into control group (n=10) and exercise group (n=10). The control group resumed with their normal physical activity while the exercise group underwent resistance training programme which comprised of ten resistance exercises per session, thrice a week. After six weeks, all the subjects underwent post-test to measure their anthropometrical measurements, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. The findings revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in above measurements between the two groups. Although there were no significant differences, a trend of improvement could be observed in body composition and back and leg strength among exercise subjects after six weeks of resistance training. The results show that resistance training does bring benefits on health-related fitness among female students and it should be made a part of regular exercise apart from aerobic exercise to improve health-related fitness.
Evaluation of entamoeba histolytica acetyl co-a synthetase recombinant protein (rehacs) for serodiagnosis of acute amoebic liver abscess in humans.
(2015-05)
Sith, Nur Shafiqa Md
Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) caused by Entamoeba histolytica is the most common and potentially fatal extra-intestinal manifestation of amoebiasis. At Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), diagnosis of ALA includes detection of antibodies using a commercial kit based on crude soluble antigens (CSA) of E. histolytica. CSA consist of a cocktail of E. histolytica proteins that are not well-defined in terms of the characteristics of the proteins and their masses. This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a well-defined recombinant protein of E. histolytica acetyl-Co-A synthetase (rEhACS) using serum samples from patients warded in HUSM who were diagnosed with ALA based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound imaging, and positive serology with commercial indirect haemagglutination kit, llfA (Cellognost® Amebiasis Kit, Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Germany). The rEhACS was expressed in E. coli BL21 AI and purified using Ni-NTA resin column under optimized parameters. Presence of the purified rEhACS protein was ascertained based on observation of the prominently expressed -77 kDa on SDS-PAGE gel stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. The specificity and sensitivity of the purified protein were evaluated via enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 30 ALA-positive serum samples and 30 ALA-negative serum samples with llfA seronegative obtained from patients infected with pathogens other than E. histo/ytica. The sensitivity and specificity for rEhACS/total anti-human IgG-ELISA were 500/o and 96.67% respectively. Meanwhile, for rEhACS/anti-human IgG4-ELISA were 36.67% and 96.67% respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that rEhACS was highly specific for serodiagnosis of ALA. Interestingly, 50% (IgG-ELISA) or 36.6% (lgG4-ELISA) ofthe positive serum samples were _probably obtained from patients with acute ALA. Future studies should focus on identifying new acute ALA cases based on rEhACS antigen followed by performing a battery of ALA examinations such as ultrasonography and molecular detection ofbiopsied liver abscess samples to confirm the infection.
Evaluation of glass lonomer gements (GICS)properties with coumarin derivatives as antibacterial agent
(2017)
Mohamad, Dasmawati
Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) are widely used as dental restorative materials due to their aesthetics features and fluoride content. However, a capability of fluoride content in GIC to inhibit bacteria growth in an oral environment was insufficient for a long term which may leads to secondary caries. Therefore, the objective of this research was to fabricate a new GICs with coumarin derivatives as an antibacterial agent. :3-Acetylcoumarin (1) and hydrazine thiosemicarbazide coumarin derivatives (2) have been successfully 5ynthesized at laboratory scale. Their structural identification was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. Both synthesized compounds were fabricated with GICs at percentage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. The antibacterial activities of tested materials were assessed by agar diffusion test (ADT) and bacteria growth. The effect of incorporation of 3-acetylcoumarir (3-AC) on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of glass ionomer cement (GIC) were evaluated. Flexural strength of the specimens were analysed using Shimadzu AGX-Pius while morphological evaluation of the specimens were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope. An ill· vitro cytotoxicity study of the synthetised coumarin derivatives were screened using a 3-(4,5· dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MIT) assay on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast (HPDLF) cells. Release profile of 3-Acetylcoumarin (GIC-1) and hydrazinyl thiosemicarbazide of coumarin derivatives (GIC-2) at three different concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % were evaluated using Microplate Reader up to 30 days. Both synthesized coumarin derivatives showed very promising properties as an antibacterial agent to be incorporated with GIC.
Faktor penyebab kemasukan semula ke hospital universiti sains malaysia (HUSM) dalam kalangan pesakit dengan penyakit chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
(2006)
Azmi, Barkhis
The readmission to the hospital is a serious problem for the health care system. It is an important indication of the quality and effectiveness of health care services. It is also the factor which causes increase in the cost of the health care services. Literature review shows that Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the diseases which has high readmission rates. The objective of this study is to identify the causative factor of hospital readmission among COPD patients. The identification of the factor can help to determine the action needed to reduce the number of COPD patients who have been readmitted. Reduction in the number of patients who have been readmitted will also reduce the burden of this phenomenon to the hospital and the individual who is involved. A descriptive study about the causative factor of the hospital readmission among COPD patients has been done in medical ward HUSM from 15th of December 2005 to 1 th of January 2006. There are 30 patients who have been chosen by using the convenience sampling to join this study. There are 19 male patients and I 1 female patients who have been diagnosed to have COPD and readmitted during this study. This study found that older patients especially those aged 65 years and above, male, with low education level and work as farmers are the demography factors which cause the readmission of these patients into the hospital. This study also found that patient's knowledge about the disease and treatment and the patient's inhaler administration technique shows significant association to the readmission rates with the p value for each of them is 0.000 and 0.021 respectively. While patient's compliance to the medication do not shows significant association to the readmission rates. The readmission of COPD patient which results from the exacerbation or complication of the disease are the problems which needs an attention as it has negative effect to the health institution, family and the patients themselves. Therefore, the finding of this study can be applied in the discharge plan for COPD patient in order to reduce the readmission rates and furthermore to increase the effectiveness of health care services and the patient's quality of life.
Genome-wide analysis for genomic alteration in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
(2017)
Hassan, Rosline
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), and is commonly associated with the presence of chromosomal translocations leading to the expression of the PML-RARA fusion protein. Although chromosomal translocation has been implicated in leukemogenesis, other underlying mechanisms such as copy number variation (CNV), microRNA (miRNA) expression and gene expression may also play important roles in the pathogenesis of APL. In this study, we performed CNV analysis, FL T3 mutation analysis, miRNA expression profiling and gene expression-pathway based analysis to understand the underlying mechanism of genomic alteration involve in contributing to the different survival in subgroups of acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients. In CNV analysis, chromosomal deletion on subband 5q13.2, 8p23.1 and 16p 12.3 were commonly seen in six of eight cases (75%) and gain of 2p 11.2 and 14q32.33 were found in all cases (n=8). Mutational analysis of FLT3 genes did not show any significant finding in all patients samples. Global miRNA profiling was performed on APL samples by using the microarray approach, followed by Nanostring nCounter system to validate the results. MiRNA expression profiles from nCounter platform revealed that miR-1 00 is most significantly upregulated in APL patients as compared to normal controls. We identified most differentially expressed genes in RAS signaling pathway, MAPK, Apoptosis and JAK STAT signaling pathway of APL at diagnosis patients. In conclusion, this study showed that other underlying mechanisms also play important roles In the pathogenesis of APL. These findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs and mRNA in the genetic origins of APL and highlight their potential as biomarkers for disease stratification and drug-targeted therapy.
Genome-wide analysis for genomic alteration in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
(2017)
Hassan, Rosline
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), and is commonly associated with the presence of chromosomal translocations leading to the expression of the PML-RARA fusion protein. Although chromosomal translocation has been implicated in leukemogenesis, other underlying mechanisms such as copy number variation (CNV), microRNA (miRNA) expression and gene expression may also play important roles in the pathogenesis of APL. In this study, we performed CNV analysis, FL T3 mutation analysis, miRNA expression profiling and gene expression-pathway based analysis to understand the underlying mechanism of genomic alteration involve in contributing to the different survival in subgroups of acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients. In CNV analysis, chromosomal deletion on subband 5q13.2, 8p23.1 and 16p 12.3 were commonly seen in six of eight cases (75%) and gain of 2p 11.2 and 14q32.33 were found in all cases (n=8). Mutational analysis of FLT3 genes did not show any significant finding in all patients samples. Global miRNA profiling was performed on APL samples by using the microarray approach, followed by Nanostring nCounter system to validate the results. MiRNA expression profiles from nCounter platform revealed that miR-1 00 is most significantly upregulated in APL patients as compared to normal controls. We identified most differentially expressed genes in RAS signaling pathway, MAPK, Apoptosis and JAK STAT signaling pathway of APL at diagnosis patients. In conclusion, this study showed that other underlying mechanisms also play important roles In the pathogenesis of APL. These findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs and mRNA in the genetic origins of APL and highlight their potential as biomarkers for disease stratification and drug-targeted therapy.
Governance for disaster risk reduction: development of standard operating procedure during flood disaster in hemodialysis patients
(2017)
Adnan, Azreen Syazril
The recent flood had affected many healthcare facilities, including the hemodialysis centers. End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) patients are hemodialysis dependent depriving them from treatment may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. A specific Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is required during disaster for hemodialysis services to ensure treatments are not disrupted. During our recent flood in Kelantan. we have identified several issues on human resources poor coordination, missing patients' clinical records, logistic issues for patient and medical supply transfer and unsupervised dialysis quality control as the major problems. This research is meant to develop a SOP for the hemodialysis staffs and patients during disaster. to ensure mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery process successful. The SOP will be developed in 4 phases. namely: Phase 1: identification of stakeholders and the experts and establishing working groups for specific areas (i.e.: human resources management development of web based medical data records. logistics coordination and dialysis quality control). Phase 2: Workshops and Guideline Reviews by the assigned working groups and development of web based medical record system for hemodialysis patients. Phase 3 SOP development and consensus by the stakeholders. Phase 4: SOP Review and Approval (application of the SOP in a drill) The SOP developed from this study will be applied during flood disaster and the web based medical records will be referred in the clinical management of the patients. The outputs of this study will reduce mortality and prevent morbidities in patients on regular hemodialysis and will ensure the continuity of care with acceptable quality of service during disaster. Complications related to dialysis treatments can also be prevented and reduced with effective coordination of human resources and logistics A specific Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is required during disaster for hemodialysis services to ensure treatments are not disrupted.
Involvement of mapk/erk and akt siganling pathways in the proliferation of keratinocytes cocultured with adipose-derived stem cells (AZSS)porous chitosan scaffold (PSC)
(2017)
Halim, Ahmad Sukari
Secretory factors of adipose-derived stem cells have paracrine effects that may have potential in accelerating proliferation of keratinocytes by coculturing both of the cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the indirect effects of ASCs-PCS on the growth of keratinocytes by paracrine activities. Human adipose-derived stem cells and human epidermal keratinocytes were isolated and verified with their specific markers. Distribution and proliferation of ASCs on porous chitosan scaffold were assessed by scanning electron microscope, live/dead assay and Alamar blue assay. Coculture groups were divided into two groups; culture ASCs and culture of ASCs-PCS. Proliferation of keratinocytes in the coculture wells were analysed by Alamar blue assay at 24 hours and 72 hours of coculture while the concentration human epidermal growth factor in culture supernatant were quantified at 72 hours of coculture. Adipose-derived stem cells culture have been established and displayed high expression of CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105 and low expression of CD34. Keratinocytes culture expressed involucrin and cytokeratin 6 as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. Percentage of proliferation of ASCs within PCS was more than 80% accompanied with spindle-shaped features and good viability. After 72 hours of coculture, the percentage of nHEK in the coculture group was increased due to growth medium. ELISA assay revealed no secretion of EGF from ASCs. This study demonstrated via dual -chamber coculture model, human -derived ASCs and PCS showed no growth stimulatory effect towards the growth of keratinocytes via the tested growth factor, EGF. The proliferation of nHEK in the coculture wells possibly due to other growth factor or other mechanism.
Maternal anxiety during universal newborn hearing screening at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(2009)
Kamaruddin, Noor Rafidah
The purpose of this study was to investigate the maternal anxiety during Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A sample of 50 mothers who had given birth at HUSM was surveyed using a set of questionnaire. The instruments were based upon demographic profile, knowledge about hearing screening and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). BAI is a set of questionnaire used to assess the level of maternal anxiety. The data was coded and analyzed using Wilcoxon signed Rank Test of SPSS version 11.5. The findings indicated that majority of the mothers were having mild anxiety during the first screening and before they undergone the second screening. The result also showed that there was significant difference of maternal anxiety level between the first screenings and before the second screening. There was also significant difference in the level of maternal anxiety between mothers whose babies failed the first screening and passed the second screening. Even though both results showed that there was a significant reduction in the level of maternal anxiety, but some of them are still in anxiety state. Therefore, actions need to be taken to improve the failure rate in UNHS.
Mitochondrial genome instability: its potential role in biomarker discovery for brain tumorigenesis
(2017)
Yusoff, Abdul Aziz Mohamed
Background: Mitochondria are major cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which can induce mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and lead to carcinogenesis. MtDNA 4,977-bp deletion as well as alteration in mtDNA copy number have been implicated in various types of human cancers. The aim of the present study was to find out the association of mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion and mtDNA content in brain tumor from the Malaysian patients. Methods: Brain tumor tissues and corresponding blood specimens were obtained from 50 patients. For comparison, 40 blood samples of healthy controls were also included in this study. The mtDNA 4,977- bp deletion was detected using the multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and later was confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Furthermore, the mtDNA content was analyzed by using a quantitative real time PCR method. Results: The mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion were observed in 24% (12 out of 50) of our patients. Presence of the ND3 10398A>G mutation did not show significantly correlation with any of the evaluated parameters such as patients age, gender and histological brain tumor types. Moreover, we found that mtDNA copy number was significantly reduced in tumor tissues (13.49+9.32) compared to corresponding blood samples (36.65±9.32). Our study also revealed that 28% of our patients (14 out of 50) were detected to have the 1DH1 c.395G>A (R132H) mutation and a significant association was found with histological tumor types. Conclusions: For the first time, we have been able to describe the occurrence of mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion and decreased mtDNA content in a Malaysian brain tumor population. Deletion of mtDNA 4,977-bp could be classified as pathogenic mutation in connection with mutations in other mitochondrial or nuclear genes as well as environmental factors in the development of various diseases and cancers. We believe that mtDNA 4,977-bp deletion and mtDNA content determination may be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker among Malaysian population particularly in those with brain tumors.
Parents knowledge on premature baby care in hospital university science malaysia (HUSM).
(2006)
Desa, Fatimah
Premature babies are those born before 37 weeks of gestation. Parents of premature babies need to have basic knowledge in caring for these babies as their life are at high risk . This study is to study the knowledge level in premature baby care in parents whose children are receiving treatment at HUSM. This study is done to study the knowledge level and socioeconomic factor influencing parents in care of premature baby at HUSM. This is a cross-sectional study toward 60 respondents who have premature babies and receiving treatment at HUSM. This study using questionnaire and the data was analyzed using 'Statistical Package For Social Science' (SPSS) version 12.0. From this study, the knowledge of respondents in the care of the premature baby was acceptable. Overall, the knowledge of respondents was 90% regarding feeding, 81.1% immunization, 62% bonding, 61% regarding birth premature babies, 56.5% healthcare, and 56% physical development. The result showed that the majority respondents have knowledge due to previous experience of caring for these babies during hospitalization and also from nurses and doctors treating the baby. Generally, most premature baby grow normally and their development is also normal but they need special care while they are growing. Nurses, have to be prepared in providing information and knowledge to parents who have premature babies so that they can apply the knowledge in caring for their premature baby. When the parents have enough knowledge regarding care of premature baby the caring process can be done in a proper and satisfactory manner.
Percutaneous balloon angioplasty in central venous stenosis and occlusion in haemodialysis vascular access: comparison of the outcome.
(2013)
Wahed, Haniza
Central venous occlusive disease is currently increasing in trend, in view of improved health care and lifestyle changes. Central venous occlusive disease requires treatment, especially in hemodialysis patient. Venous hypertension in this disease interfere the hemodialysis access and eventually leading to its dysfunction and access termination. Interventional radiology has emerged in endovascular treatment, playing its important role in treatment of central venous occlusive disease. Surgical intervention has been less favourable in the management of central venous occlusive disease, indirectly reduces the health care burden. The current practice of central venous occlusive disease is an endovascular approach as a frontline. However there is no proper protocol in managing the disease. In this study, success rate in venous stenosis and venous occlusion were compared and the association of degree of stenosis and length of occlusion with success rate has been studied. Hopefully it will help in predicting the patient which is suitable for endovascular management or surgery and contributing in developing a proper management protocol in the future. This is a cross sectional retrospective study of percutaneous angioplasty in the treatment of central venous stenosis and occlusion in Hospital Pulau Pinang for period 21 months from May 2011 to February 2013. The patient’s notes were traced and data were collected on the success rate, complication rate, presence and location of stenosis, degree of stenosis and length of occlusion. Venograms were reviewed in all cases to assess lesion characteristics, pre procedure and post procedure results. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the demographic data. 71 patients were included into this study of which 42 (59.2%) males and 29 (40.8%) females. Their age ranged from 17 to 86 years old. 21 (29.6%) were Malay, 39 (54.9%) Chinese and 11 (15.5%) are Indian. From total 71 patients, 28 (39.4%) cases are were venous stenosis and 43 (60.6%) cases were venous occlusions. 25 out of 28 cases of venous stenosis were successfully treated with success rate of 89.3%. 19 out of 43 cases of venous occlusion were successfully treated with success rate of 44.2%. There is association between the success rate of procedure and degree of stenosis and length of occlusion. The success rate of percutaneous angioplasty in central venous stenosis is higher (89.3%) compare to total venous occlusion (44.2%) among haemodialysis patient. The degree of stenosis and length of occlusion is significantly associated with the success rate of percutaneous balloon angioplasty.

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