Pusat Penyelidikan Biokimia Analisis - Tesis

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    Protein And Glycan Profiling Of Natural Rubber Latex From Malaysian Hevea Clone, Rrim 2025
    (2024-10)
    Afandi, Nur Syafiqah Mohd
    Hevea brasiliensis is an original rubber crop from south america that is mostly cultivated in southeast asia, including malaysia, the sixth largest producer in the world. This species is grown for its rubber latex and wood for consumer sectors such as tyres, gloves, and furniture, contributing to malaysia’s export earnings of rm17.8 billion in 2019. H. Brasiliensis is the most productive rubber-producing crop with the highest rubber content (%) with 15-30 (w/w dwt) compared to the other alternative types, such as guayule, and dandelion. Natural rubber latex (nrl) of h. Brasiliensis is made of 5% non-isoprene species, comprising many unique proteins widely investigated on their allergenicity. Protein function is heavily determined by its post-translational modifications (ptms), with one of the most significant ptms being glycosylation. Despite its importance in biological processes, nrl's qualitative aspect of protein, especially glycan, is poorly known because of its macro- and microheterogeneity complexes. Hence, to explore the proteome and glycoproteome of the nrl of h. Brasiliensis, mass spectrometry analyses were conducted on the hevea clone rrim 2025 which is known for high rubber yield and large girth
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    Synthesis Of Choline Chloride-acetic Acid Based Deep Eutectic Solvent (Des) For The Extraction Of Bioactive Polysaccharide From Garcinia Atroviridis Fruit
    (2024-09)
    Razak, Nur Qistina Abdul
    The fruit of Garcinia atroviridis was identified as a potential source of bioactive polysaccharides. This study explored the ability of these polysaccharides (referred to as GAP) to inhibit pancreatic lipase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), both of which are important in managing obesity and hypertension. The extraction of GAP was optimized using a microwave-assisted process involving deep eutectic solvents (DES). The study was promoted to prepare deep eutectic solvents (DES) from choline chloride and acetic acid in 1:2, 1:3, 1:4. The physicochemical properties of the resulting DES were fully characterized. The interaction of the DES components by hydrogen bonds was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and changes in wavenumbers of their functional groups. Moreover, these DES were shown to be hydrophilic and could dissolve in water with high polarity while having compatibility with many of semi-polar solvents. the DES demonstrates excellent potential for extraction applications due to its low pH and polar nature. Therefore, DES is a promising medium for extracting GAP. The yield of GAP was then extracted and the result concluded that the experimental yield of GAP (24.33%) closely matched the predicted yield (24.88%), confirming the accuracy of the extraction model. GAP was found to have a high molecular weight (28.15 ± 3.17 kDa) and viscosity (3.171 ± 1.23 Pa·s), along with a significant branching size (6.39 ± 0.030). These characteristics suggest that GAP can form complex structures that effectively inhibit enzyme activity by physically blocking the enzymes from accessing their substrates, thereby slowing down their function. In laboratory tests, GAP demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, reducing pancreatic lipase activity by 79.41% and ACE activity by 81.23%. These results indicate that GAP has strong potential for use in developing anti-obesity and antihypertensive treatments. Further optimization of GAP's bioactivity led to even better results, with optimized GAP inhibiting pancreatic lipase (GAP-L) by 87.93% and GAP that inhibits ACE (GAP-A) by 95.91%. The experimental values closely aligned with the predicted values (86.57% for pancreatic lipase inhibition and 95.64% for ACE inhibition), further validating the model. Therefore, GAP shows great promise as a potential source for developing effective agents to manage obesity and hypertension. The suitability of the DES produced as well shown to have a polar nature, making it capable of interacting with and dissolving a wide range of polar compounds, including polysaccharides and other bioactive molecules.
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    Microwave-Assisted Extraction Of Polysaccharide From Cinnamomum Cassia With Anti-Hyperpigmentation Properties
    (2023-06)
    Al Ajalein Alhareth Abdulraheem Salem
    Polysaccharides with anti-hyperpigmentation properties have not been reported elsewhere. The current study extracted the polysaccharides from Cinnamomum cassia bark using microwave-assisted approach, and optimized the extraction parameters (i.e. microwave power, irradiation time and buffer-to-sample (B:S) ratio) based on Box-Behnken design to obtain polysaccharides with high anti-hyperpigmentation activities, antioxidant activity, sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the extraction yield.
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    Elucidation And Comparison Of Proteome Profiles In Normal, Precancerous And Cervical Cancer Tissues
    (2024-04)
    Gaayathri A/P Kumarasamy
    The aim of this study was to determine the protein profiles and differentially expressed proteins in the normal cervix, HPV-associated squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) which is precancerous and cervical cancer, extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.
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    Identification Of Bioactive Peptide From Chicken Ovalbumin Using An Integrated Bioinformatics-assisted Approach And Determining Their Functional Significance
    (Universiti Sains Malaysia., 2021-10)
    Mohd Adam Salim Mohd Salim
    complete integrated bioinformatics approach was developed to identify angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory peptides from chicken ovalbumin (OVA). This approach involved PeptideCutter, Peptide Ranker and Pepsite2 in order to hydrolyse OVA protein sequence into smaller peptides, to identify the probability of the peptides being bioactive and to investigate the interaction between the peptides and target enzymes (i.e. ACE and DPP-4), respectively. OVA sequence was initially hydrolysed using PeptideCutter. Pepsin (P), Chymotrypsin (C) and Trypsin (T) were used in 7 different OVA (O) hydrolysis combination (OP, OC, OT, OCT, OPC, OPT and OPCT), thus, producing 71 peptides. Top ten novel bioactive peptides (i.e. CF, KM, ELPF, AM, ADHPH, LPR, PR, FR, PRM and GR) were then successfully identified and selected based on the amino acid sequences as well as the peptide interactions with ACE and DPP-4. Against ACE, IC50 of CF, KM, ELPF, AM, ADHPH, LPR, PR, FR, PRM and GR were 1.82, 1.89, 4.24, 3.07, 3.54, 1.30, 5.47, 4.35, 5.22 and 3.11 mM, respectively. These results were comparable to commercial inhibitor for ACE, captopril (IC50 = 3.98 mM). While against DPP-4, however, inhibitory activities were only comparable to other reported DPP-4 inhibitory peptides such as EK (IC50 = 3.22 mM) and GL (IC50 = 2.62 mM), as the peptides were able to achieve 2.99, 2.22, 9.92, 2.79, 1.66, 1.43, 4.11, 2.47, 2.50 and 2.83 mM, respectively