Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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Computer-Assisted Evaluation Of Bacterial Susceptibility Patterns To Antibiotic Usage In District Hospital
(1992-12)
Yahaya, Ruhaiyem
A computer-based system developed using Dbase III Plus and Clipper Summer '87 runs on IBM PC/AT or its compatible was designed to assist in the evaluation of bacterial susceptibility pattern to antibiotic usage. 10,010 bacterial culture and sensitivity data from District Hospital Sungei Petani for the years 1986 to 1990 were processed by the system to study the susceptibility pattern of the various organisms isolated and then tested for correlation with antibiotic consumed during the five years.
Penderia Aliran Terus Klorokuina Dan Aplikasinya Dalam Kawalan Mutu Farmaseutikal
(2004-10)
Mohd Zain, Zainiharyati
Elektrod pemilih ion klorokuina (salah satu dadah anti malaria) berasaskan membran polivinil klorida (PVC) telah dikaji. Bahan elektroaktif lipofilik kalium tetrakis{4- klorofenil) borat diguna sebagai penukar ion bersama dengan pemplastik samada his (2- etilheksil) adipat (BEHA), trioktilfenilfosfat (TOPP) atau dioktilfenilfosfonat {DOPP). Semua elektrod mempamerkan ciri-ciri elektrokimia yang baik seperti gerakbalas Nernstian, pantas dan mengalami kesan gangguan yang minima terhadap ion-ion logam alkali dan alkali bumi yang diuji.
The Practice Of Parenteral Nutrition In Malaysian Hospitals
(2008-06)
Riyadh Abdullah Omar Albatani
Parenteral Nutrition (PN) has been practiced in Malaysian hospitals, since 1986. A survey compised of 41 questions on PN practice was developed to evaluate the practice of PN in Malaysian hospitals. The results show that PN services is practiced in 17.3% of Malaysian hospitals. 55.6% were practiced in tertiary hopitals and 44.6% were practiced in secondary hospital. The average number of PN preparations per day was lOi 11 in tertiary hospital and 4 ± 2 in secondary hospitals. PN solution were prepared by pharmacist in 88.9% of hospitals and by Pharmacist assisstants in 66.7% of hospitals. Nutritional support team (NST) existed in 33.3% hospitals while 88.9% have pharmacists participating in PN compounding and 66.7% used standard Patient Monitoring Forms. The second part of the study was a retrospective study on the outcome, complications and cost of PN services. The study was carried out at 4 teaching hospitals namely, Hospital Pulau Pinang (PPH), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) and University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC).
Molecular Dynamics Studies: The Interaction Of Erythromycin A With A Single Base Substitution Of 50s Ribosomal Subunit
(2012-09)
Siti Zuraidah Binti Mohamad Zobir
The objective of the study is to find how the interactions erythromycin A (ERYA), a 14-membered ring macrolide, with a single base substitution from adenine to guanine on the large ribosomal subunit at 2041. This single base substitution has been reported of to be one of the resistance modes in the binding of macrolides. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a great tool that was used in this study to explain at the molecular level why resistance happens when a single base substitution takes place at 2041, one of the residues in PTe.
Development And Evaluation Of A Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System For Thiamine Hydrochloride
(2013-03)
Kam, Li Ying
A gastroretentive tablet system was developed and evaluated for the oral delivery of thiamine hydrochloride as the model drug with an absorption window. A simple, specific and sensitive liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method was first developed for studying the oral bioavailability of thiamine hydrochloride using rats. It was found that the oral bioavailability of thiamine was poor and erratic, but the poor bioavailability was not attributed to stability problem in the gastrointestinal tract. Rather, it was due to its restricted absorption in the upper region of the small intestine. The oral bioavailability of thiamine was also found to be influenced by CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Diagnosis Of Dengue Infection Using Metabolome Analysis (Biomarkers Profiling)
(2014-04)
Noor, Nurul Shahfiza
Dengue is a major health and pressing threat to Malaysia with increasing atypical manifestations. These including encephalopathy, hepatic failure, renal failure, myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis which.have been attributed chiefly to metabolic alterations. Therefore, the metabolomics approach was used to investigate for metabolite candidates that potentially could be utilized as an indicator for dengue disease; leads to dengue severity. In this study, attempt was made to determine the metabolic response associate with dengue infection by means of 11-1 NMR-based metabolomic spectrometry. We also explored the differences in gender infected with dengue disease. Fifty-two patients diagnosed with dengue fever at Penang General Hospital and fourty-three healthy individuals were recruited in this study. The mid-stream urine collected was analyzed with 11-1 NMR spectroscopy, followed by chemometric multivariate analysis. Two types of pattern recognitions were employed, namely, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least SquareDiscriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). NMR signals which highlighted in the OPLS-DA S-plot were further selected and identified using Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Chenornx Profiler and from published literature.
Metabolomics Analysis Of Blood And Urine To Identify Alcohol-Dependence Biomarkers
(2015-07)
Mostafa, Hamza Mohamed Amin
Alcohol misuse is a ravaging public health and social problem. Alcoholdependence (AD) is a phase of alcohol misuse in which the drinker consumes excessive amount of alcohol and have a continuous urge to consume alcohol. The current methods of alcohol dependence diagnosis are questionnaires and some biomarkers. However, both methods lack specificity and sensitivity. Metabolomics is a novel scientific field which may provide a novel method for the diagnosis of alcohol-dependence by using a sensitive and specific technique such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our aim was to identify the metabolic fingerprint (metabotype) that is able to discriminate between AD, non-AD alcohol drinkers and controls using metabolomics approach. The reproducibility of the outcomes was also investigated. Blood and urine samples were collected from 30 alcohol-dependent (mean age: 45.7), 54 social drinkers (mean age: 39.5) and 60 controls (mean age: 37.1). Plasma was separated by centrifugation, then both plasma and urine samples were mixed with phosphate buffer which was prepared by dissolving di-sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HP04), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2P04), sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)-propionate-2,2,3,3-
Impact Of Ramadan Focused Education Program On Hypoglycemic Risk And Metabolic Control For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
(2017-02)
Tourkmani, Ayla Mhd. Dadou
Ramadan fasting is associated with significant impact on glycemic control and patient safety among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The burden of the problem is high in Saudi Arabia due to the high prevalence of diabetes. The risk can be aggravated by hot weather and long fasting duration during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia. Current guidelines recommend counseling and educating patients with T2D before Ramadan. Despite the higher risk among Saudi patients, based on the extensive literature review, there is lack of studies examining the impact of Ramadan education program among Saudi patients with T2D. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Ramadan Focused Education Program (RFEP) on hypoglycemia risk score and other related clinical & metabolic parameters (HbAlc, lipid profile, blood pressure, body weight and body mass index (BMI).
Heterologous Expression Of Violacein Biosynthetic Gene Cluster From Chromobacterium Violaceum Strain Mth01 In Escherichia Coli
(2017-03)
Matthew Minggu, Matthlessa
Violacein, a bisindole pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum has tremendous pharmaceutical potential such as antimicrobial, antiparasites and antiviral. The violacein structure is dimeric composed of three structural units, a 5- hydroxyindole, oxindole and 2- pyyrolidone subunits formed by the condensation of two modified tryptophan molecules. Violacein is made by a series of five specific genes termed vzoA, vzoB, vioC, vioE), and vzoE, giving its total sequence length of 7.3 kilo-bases (kb) in size. The present work describes the development of a genetic system for heterologous production of violacein in Escherichia coli cells. C. violaceum strain MTH01, a natural violacein producing bacterium was isolated from the limnological areas of Tasik Harapan at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. The complete violacein biosynthetic gene cluster was successfully amplified from MTH01 genomic DNA using violacein gene specific primers, and cloned into pUC19 vector. Sequence analysis of the DNA insert harboured by the recombinant pUC19 clone, pVio!9, showed that the cloned fragment shared 99% homology to published sequences of the C. violaceum violacein biosynthetic gene cluster. The sequenced fragment was subcloned into pET-3a and pET-1 lb expression vectors, yielding recombinant vectors, pVio3a and pViollb, respectively.
Effect Of Phyllanthus N/Ruri Extracts On High Fat Diet Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Rats
(2017-08)
Al Zarzour, Raghdaa
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a multifactorial condition that can exacerbate into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis, is the prime cause of chronic hepatic damage in patients with no history of alcohol consumption. It is strongly linked to insulin resistance, obesity and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, due to the lack of standard treatment for NAFLD, healthcare goals have only been to decrease the patient's weight, ameliorate oxidative stress and improve insulin resistance. This study investigated the therapeutic activity of Phyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae), an herb traditionally used for the treatment of liver diseases in a number of Asian communities, against NAFLD.
Evaluation Of Caregivers’ Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice On Medication Administration Process And Emotional Status In Long-Term Care Facilities In Penang, Selangor, And Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(2017-08)
Leow, May Yen
The world’s population is ageing; virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in their population. Ageing is the increasing share of older persons in the population and is poised to become one of the most significant social transformations of the twentyfirst century. Hence, the demand for long-term care facilities (LTCs) will be increased accordingly. 26 LTCs was surveyed to evaluate the quality of the institution's service on medication administration (MA) process. The aim of this research was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on MA process, and their associated predictors such as emotional, and education level among respondents at LTCs.
Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Implementation And Outcomes In Selected Hospitals At Makkah Region, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
(2018-01)
Haseeb, Abdul
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are collaborative efforts to optimize antimicrobial use in healthcare institutions through evidence-based quality improvement strategies. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of ASPs in a critical care setting for improving antimicrobial use, cost efficiency and clinical outcomes at selected hospitals in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In phase one study, an exploratory survey approach was adopted to determine the presence of morbidity caused by organisms in both out and in-patients blood isolates at two Saudi hospitals. Besides that, resistance pattern among community acquired pathogens such as the Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Bauinannii (MDR-AB) was also documented.
Osteoporosis Among Tuberculosis Patients In Penang, Malaysia: Evaluation Of Treatment Outcomes, Knowlegde And Health Beliefs
(2021-08)
Zohra Bhatti
The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, delayed sputum conversion rate and TB treatment outcomes among TB patients with weak bone health, the knowledge and health belief towards osteoporosis among study participants in Penang.
Rational Design And Synthesis Of Peptide Inhibitors Of Ns2b/Ns3 Protease As Therapeutic Agents For Dengue Virus Type 2
(2021-10)
Nadeem Abdalsatar Abdalrazaq
The main objectives of this study are to design potent and selective peptide inhibitors by studying the interactions between the designed peptides and the NS2B/NS3 dengue protease using two independent docking programs (MOE and AutoDock4.2), thus, to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative docking results from both programs. The other objectives are to synthesize and characterize the potential peptides by using Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) technique, to perform NS2B/NS3 dengue protease expression and purification, and finally to investigate the biological evaluation of the selected peptides using in vitro NS2B/NS3 dengue protease inhibition assay.
The Effects Of Mitragynine On P-Glycoprotein Regulations And Its Neurotoxicity Mechanisms In Brain Cell Lines
(2021-12)
Muhammad Asyraf Bin Abduraman
The main objective is to determine the effects of mitragynine on P-gp regulations and neurotoxicity effects of drug-herb interactions between mitragynine and P-gp substrates in the PC12 cells using both in silico and in vitro approaches.
Effects Of Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Leaf Extract With Potential Cholinergic Activity On Cognitive Function In Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model
(2021-12)
Vascular dementia (VaD), is the most common type of dementia in the ageing population, initiated by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Cholinergic system dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) has been recognized as one of the main reasons for learning and memory impairment in VaD patients. Therefore, medications that restore the level of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter by inhibiting cholinesterase activity have been proposed as a potential candidate to treat VaD patients. Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of four methanol plant extracts with anti-cholinesterase activity in POBCCA rats. The selected plant extracts were Coccoloba uvifera (stems), Mimusops elengi (leaves), Syzygium aqueum (leaves) and Syzygium polyanthum (leaves). The effects of these plants (100 and 200 mg/kg) on learning and memory were evaluated using novel object recognition (NOR) and morris water maze (MWM) tests. The behavioral tasks results revealed S. polyanthum (100 and 200 mg/kg) and S. aqueum (200 mg/kg) extracts improved short- (p < 0.05) and long-term (p < 0.05) recognition memories during NOR. Besides that, M. elengi and S. aqueum (200 mg/kg) along with S. polyanthum (100 and 200 mg/kg) extracts improved spatial learning (day 4: p < 0.05; day 5: p < 0.05) and S. polyanthum exract (100 and 200 mg/kg) improved reference memories (p < 0.05) in MWM test.
An Insight Of The Policy And Access To Orphan Drugs For Treating Rare Disease In Malaysia: Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis
(2022-01)
Supian, Azuwana
An orphan drug is a medicine used to treat rare diseases. The disease has a very low population, with most of the diseases will impair the patients’ body functions and be life threatening. This study aimed to evaluate the rare disease policy and access to orphan drugs in Malaysia. Three phases have been completed. Phase one consisted of literature reviews to examine the current status of rare disease management in Malaysia and five other focus countries (Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand). They were examined based on the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) framework for action in strengthening health systems. A cross-sectional survey from ten public hospitals was also included in this phase to estimate the number of cases and treatment coverage for rare diseases in Malaysia. The second phase was designed by conducting 43 qualitative interviews and a focus group discussion on describing the perceptions among health stakeholders towards rare disease management.
Anti-Obesity Activity Of Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb. And Vitex Negundo Linn. : Isolated Compounds With PTP1B Inhibitory Effects
(2022-01)
Selestin A/P Rathnasamy
The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as the negative modulator of leptin-mediated signaling, has made PTP1B an excellent target for obesity treatment. In spite of the enormous attempts, selective, effective, and safer PTP1B inhibitors are yet to be discovered. In this study, the effects of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (PA) and Vitex negundo Linn. (VN) on high calorie diet (HCD)-induced obesity were evaluated.
Comparison Of Eight Methods For Estimation Of Creatinine Clearance In Malaysia Patients With Unstable Renal Function
(2022-01)
Ng Yen, Ping
Unstable kidney function is a common complication in hospitalized patients and is associated with high mortality rate. Critically ill patients normally have fluctuating kidney function with serum creatinine changing from day to day. Creatinine clearance (Clcr) estimation is of great importance in daily clinical practice among critically ill patients with unstable kidney function. The Cockcroft-Gault method remained the most widely used method to estimate kidney function and to guide drug dosage adjustment. The Cockcroft-Gault equation was derived from conditions in which the serum creatinine was at steady state and it is not designed for patients with unstable kidney function. This study aimed to analyze the discrepancies of estimated creatinine clearance computed by Cockcroft & Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI, Jelliffe, modified Jelliffe, Chiou, Brater, and an empiric estimating equation (modified Cockcroft-Gault) equations with 24 hours urinary creatinine clearance (standard control) in critically ill and unstable kidney function patients from local Malaysian population.
Assessment Of Prevalence And Outcomes Of Common Infections And Physicians’ Perception Towards Antimicrobial Prescribing Among Geriatric Patients In Penang, Malaysia
(2022-01)
Akhtar, Ali
Geriatrics are susceptible to infections, especially respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and skin infections due to their compromised immune system. Moreover, unnecessary antimicrobial use is an emerging problem throughout the world. The main objectives of current research project are to assess the prevalence and outcomes of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and skin infections among the geriatric patients, along with the perceptions of physicians working at public hospital about antimicrobial use and resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted at three departments (respiratory, urology, dermatology) of Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

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