Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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Chemical Isolation, Characterization And Biological Properties Of Some Native Remedies
(1979-12)
Tze-Fung, Yvonne Tan
A preliminary microbiological screening was performed on five local Malaysian herbs which were claimed to possess certain medicinal values. These herbs were the pods of Abelmoxhue eeoulentue, the flowers of Hibieeue rosaeineneie, the plants of Mimosa pudica, the leaves of Parkia javaniaa and the leaves of Pel.tophoxum ptierocarpum, Abelmoxhus eecul.entue was the only herb that exhibited no antibacterial activity at the doses tested while the rest of the four herbs showed promising results in their antibacterial activity by both ditch-plate and hole-plate methods. Results from the bioassay of herbal extracts and antibiotics (Potassium Penicillin V and Streptomycin Sulphate) showed linear relationships in the dose response curves, however, due to lack of parallelism between the standards and extracts used, it indicated that the herbal extracts might possess a different antibacterial mode of action as that of the standard antibiotics.
Computer-Assisted Evaluation Of Bacterial Susceptibility Patterns To Antibiotic Usage In District Hospital
(1992-12)
Yahaya, Ruhaiyem
A computer-based system developed using Dbase III Plus and Clipper Summer '87 runs on IBM PC/AT or its compatible was designed to assist in the evaluation of bacterial susceptibility pattern to antibiotic usage. 10,010 bacterial culture and sensitivity data from District Hospital Sungei Petani for the years 1986 to 1990 were processed by the system to study the susceptibility pattern of the various organisms isolated and then tested for correlation with antibiotic consumed during the five years.
Evaluation Of Hydroxypropyl Methylcelluloe (HPMC) As A Tablet Coating Material Using Conventional Pan Coating
(2003-07)
Alfadol, Khalid Ibrahim
Even though pharmaceutical coatings were once predominantly of the sugar coating variety, film coating has become the process of choice in the pharmaceutical industry today. In this study the suitability of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (Pharmacoat 606) as a tablet film-coating system was evaluated. The moisture permeability and mechanical properties of some aqueous free films were evaluated using permeability cell and stress-strain techniques respectively.
Chitosan-Nanoparticles As A Drug Delivery System For 5-Fluorouracil
(2003-08)
Suardi, Muslim
In order to formulate chitosan nanoparticles, the influence of chitosan concentrations, type and concentration of emulsifiers, type of acid, concentration of acetic acid, and mixing method were investigated. The results showed that the size of nanoparticles was directly correlated to the chitosan concentration but inversely associated with emulsifier concentrations.
Penderia Aliran Terus Klorokuina Dan Aplikasinya Dalam Kawalan Mutu Farmaseutikal
(2004-10)
Mohd Zain, Zainiharyati
Elektrod pemilih ion klorokuina (salah satu dadah anti malaria) berasaskan membran polivinil klorida (PVC) telah dikaji. Bahan elektroaktif lipofilik kalium tetrakis{4- klorofenil) borat diguna sebagai penukar ion bersama dengan pemplastik samada his (2- etilheksil) adipat (BEHA), trioktilfenilfosfat (TOPP) atau dioktilfenilfosfonat {DOPP). Semua elektrod mempamerkan ciri-ciri elektrokimia yang baik seperti gerakbalas Nernstian, pantas dan mengalami kesan gangguan yang minima terhadap ion-ion logam alkali dan alkali bumi yang diuji.
The Practice Of Parenteral Nutrition In Malaysian Hospitals
(2008-06)
Riyadh Abdullah Omar Albatani
Parenteral Nutrition (PN) has been practiced in Malaysian hospitals, since 1986. A survey compised of 41 questions on PN practice was developed to evaluate the practice of PN in Malaysian hospitals. The results show that PN services is practiced in 17.3% of Malaysian hospitals. 55.6% were practiced in tertiary hopitals and 44.6% were practiced in secondary hospital. The average number of PN preparations per day was lOi 11 in tertiary hospital and 4 ± 2 in secondary hospitals. PN solution were prepared by pharmacist in 88.9% of hospitals and by Pharmacist assisstants in 66.7% of hospitals. Nutritional support team (NST) existed in 33.3% hospitals while 88.9% have pharmacists participating in PN compounding and 66.7% used standard Patient Monitoring Forms. The second part of the study was a retrospective study on the outcome, complications and cost of PN services. The study was carried out at 4 teaching hospitals namely, Hospital Pulau Pinang (PPH), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) and University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC).
Molecular Dynamics Studies: The Interaction Of Erythromycin A With A Single Base Substitution Of 50s Ribosomal Subunit
(2012-09)
Siti Zuraidah Binti Mohamad Zobir
The objective of the study is to find how the interactions erythromycin A (ERYA), a 14-membered ring macrolide, with a single base substitution from adenine to guanine on the large ribosomal subunit at 2041. This single base substitution has been reported of to be one of the resistance modes in the binding of macrolides. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a great tool that was used in this study to explain at the molecular level why resistance happens when a single base substitution takes place at 2041, one of the residues in PTe.
Development And Evaluation Of A Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System For Thiamine Hydrochloride
(2013-03)
Kam, Li Ying
A gastroretentive tablet system was developed and evaluated for the oral delivery of thiamine hydrochloride as the model drug with an absorption window. A simple, specific and sensitive liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method was first developed for studying the oral bioavailability of thiamine hydrochloride using rats. It was found that the oral bioavailability of thiamine was poor and erratic, but the poor bioavailability was not attributed to stability problem in the gastrointestinal tract. Rather, it was due to its restricted absorption in the upper region of the small intestine. The oral bioavailability of thiamine was also found to be influenced by CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Diagnosis Of Dengue Infection Using Metabolome Analysis (Biomarkers Profiling)
(2014-04)
Noor, Nurul Shahfiza
Dengue is a major health and pressing threat to Malaysia with increasing atypical manifestations. These including encephalopathy, hepatic failure, renal failure, myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis which.have been attributed chiefly to metabolic alterations. Therefore, the metabolomics approach was used to investigate for metabolite candidates that potentially could be utilized as an indicator for dengue disease; leads to dengue severity. In this study, attempt was made to determine the metabolic response associate with dengue infection by means of 11-1 NMR-based metabolomic spectrometry. We also explored the differences in gender infected with dengue disease. Fifty-two patients diagnosed with dengue fever at Penang General Hospital and fourty-three healthy individuals were recruited in this study. The mid-stream urine collected was analyzed with 11-1 NMR spectroscopy, followed by chemometric multivariate analysis. Two types of pattern recognitions were employed, namely, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least SquareDiscriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). NMR signals which highlighted in the OPLS-DA S-plot were further selected and identified using Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Chenornx Profiler and from published literature.
Metabolomics Analysis Of Blood And Urine To Identify Alcohol-Dependence Biomarkers
(2015-07)
Mostafa, Hamza Mohamed Amin
Alcohol misuse is a ravaging public health and social problem. Alcoholdependence (AD) is a phase of alcohol misuse in which the drinker consumes excessive amount of alcohol and have a continuous urge to consume alcohol. The current methods of alcohol dependence diagnosis are questionnaires and some biomarkers. However, both methods lack specificity and sensitivity. Metabolomics is a novel scientific field which may provide a novel method for the diagnosis of alcohol-dependence by using a sensitive and specific technique such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our aim was to identify the metabolic fingerprint (metabotype) that is able to discriminate between AD, non-AD alcohol drinkers and controls using metabolomics approach. The reproducibility of the outcomes was also investigated. Blood and urine samples were collected from 30 alcohol-dependent (mean age: 45.7), 54 social drinkers (mean age: 39.5) and 60 controls (mean age: 37.1). Plasma was separated by centrifugation, then both plasma and urine samples were mixed with phosphate buffer which was prepared by dissolving di-sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HP04), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2P04), sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)-propionate-2,2,3,3-
Anti-Diabetic Activity-Guided Studies Of Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Leaf Extracts And Elucidation Of Their Mechanisms Of Action
(2015-11)
Widyawati, Tri
Anti-diabetic activity guided studies were performed on the leaves of syzygium polyanthum, a popular traditional medicinal herb in north sumatera, indonesia. The anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by determining whether the extracts lowered the blood glucose levels (bgl) of normal rats (hypoglycaemic test), inhibited the rise of bgl of intraperitoneally glucose- loaded rats (glucose tolerance test) and lowered bgl of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Dried powdered s. Polyanthum leaves were extracted serially with petroleum ether (pee), chloroform (ce), methanol (me) and water (we). In diabetic rats, single-dose administration of the extracts showed that only me reduced bgl. However, upon repeated-dose administration for 6 days both pee and me reduced bgl significantly. Therefore, liquid-liquid partition was used to fractionate me into the following fractions: chloroform (cf), ethyl acetate (eaf), n-butanol (n-bf) and water (wf). Repeated administration of cf and wf decreased bgl of diabetic rats. Cf was shaken with n-hexane to yield an undissolved fraction (sf-1) and a dissolved fraction (sf-2). Onlysf-1 lowered bgl of diabetic rats. Gc-ms identified the presence of squalene (sq)in me, cf and sf-1. Repeated administration of sq reduced bgl of diabetic rats.This suggests that sq is one of the compounds in s. Polyanthum leaf that contributeto its anti-diabetic activity. Repeated-dose for 12 days of me, cf, wf, sf-1 and sqproved that me was the most active blood glucose lowering agent.
Economic Evaluation Of Respiratory Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (Rmtac) On Asthma Patients In Malaysia
(2016-09)
Yong, Yee Vern
This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a pharmacist-led respiratory clinic as an adjunct to the usual physician care (rmtac), versus usual physician care alone (usual care clinic). A dynamic adherence asthma markov cohort model was developed. The economic evaluation was based on a lifetime horizon and cycle length of one month, from the healthcare providers (ministry of health) perspective, with the outcomes assessed in cost per qaly gained and cost per hospitalization averted. Probabilities of asthma control-adherence states from rmtac database, costs from public sources, utilities using standard gamble method on malaysia’s asthma patients, and other inputs from secondary data sources were used to inform the probabilistic model. Subgroup analysis was conducted against 30 and 70-year old cohorts. Scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the structural and methodological uncertainties of the model. In the economic evaluation, rmtac was found to be cheaper and more effective, at an icer of -rm9,862.65 (-25,833.49 — (-3,711.69)) per qaly gained and -rm1,358.68 (-1,686.11 — (-924.31)) per hospitalization averted.
Staging Of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Elderly Patients: A Comparison Between Cystatin C And Creatinine Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
(2017-01)
Khan, Irfan Ullah
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Just like other parts of the world the prevalence of CKD is increasing in Malaysia (9.07% in 2011). In routine clinical practice serum creatinine (Scr) is the most widely used endogenous biomarker of renal function. However, literature review reveals that creatinine concentration has been affected by age, gender, muscle mass and diet, which may lead to over/under estimation of CKD. Cystatin C an endogenous biomarker produced by all the nucleated cells at a constant rate has been reported to be a more accurate kidney marker and better at estimating small changes in glomerular filtration (GFR). Therefore, the current cross-sectional study at HUSM was conducted with the aim to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cystatin C and creatinine based eGFR equations in staging CKD using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration combined (CKD-EPlcr-cys) equation as a reference. Furthermore, we also evaluated the concordance and predictors of concordance between Modification of diet in renal disease (MORD) and CKD-EPlcys equations in staging CKD. A total of 300 connectively enrolled established elderly CKD patients at the study site who met the eligibility criteria were included. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for serum creatinine and serum cystatin C. eGFR was calculated on the basis of CKD-EPlcr-cys, CKD-EPlcys, CKD-EPlcr and MDRD.
Impact Of Ramadan Focused Education Program On Hypoglycemic Risk And Metabolic Control For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
(2017-02)
Tourkmani, Ayla Mhd. Dadou
Ramadan fasting is associated with significant impact on glycemic control and patient safety among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The burden of the problem is high in Saudi Arabia due to the high prevalence of diabetes. The risk can be aggravated by hot weather and long fasting duration during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia. Current guidelines recommend counseling and educating patients with T2D before Ramadan. Despite the higher risk among Saudi patients, based on the extensive literature review, there is lack of studies examining the impact of Ramadan education program among Saudi patients with T2D. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Ramadan Focused Education Program (RFEP) on hypoglycemia risk score and other related clinical & metabolic parameters (HbAlc, lipid profile, blood pressure, body weight and body mass index (BMI).
Heterologous Expression Of Violacein Biosynthetic Gene Cluster From Chromobacterium Violaceum Strain Mth01 In Escherichia Coli
(2017-03)
Matthew Minggu, Matthlessa
Violacein, a bisindole pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum has tremendous pharmaceutical potential such as antimicrobial, antiparasites and antiviral. The violacein structure is dimeric composed of three structural units, a 5- hydroxyindole, oxindole and 2- pyyrolidone subunits formed by the condensation of two modified tryptophan molecules. Violacein is made by a series of five specific genes termed vzoA, vzoB, vioC, vioE), and vzoE, giving its total sequence length of 7.3 kilo-bases (kb) in size. The present work describes the development of a genetic system for heterologous production of violacein in Escherichia coli cells. C. violaceum strain MTH01, a natural violacein producing bacterium was isolated from the limnological areas of Tasik Harapan at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. The complete violacein biosynthetic gene cluster was successfully amplified from MTH01 genomic DNA using violacein gene specific primers, and cloned into pUC19 vector. Sequence analysis of the DNA insert harboured by the recombinant pUC19 clone, pVio!9, showed that the cloned fragment shared 99% homology to published sequences of the C. violaceum violacein biosynthetic gene cluster. The sequenced fragment was subcloned into pET-3a and pET-1 lb expression vectors, yielding recombinant vectors, pVio3a and pViollb, respectively.
Evaluation Of Post-Caesarean Pain Management, Pain Intensity And Risk Factor Among Patients In Hospital Pulau Pinang
(2017-03)
Jasim, Hanan Hussein
The caesarean section (cs) rate increased significantly over the past years, accounting for 15 to 25% of births. In the post-cs period, moderate to severe postoperative pain is a commonly reported problem. Good post-cs analgesia improves maternal functional ability and interaction with newborn. There are several analgesic options to optimize pain management, each of them with different efficacy and safety. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness, and safety of postoperative pain management regimen in patients undergoing caesarean section in the obstetric unit of a hospital in the northern part of malaysia, pulau pinang. In addition, to document the incidence of opioid side effect and the incidence of surgical site infection as well as to identify their risk factors. A retrospective chart review of 400 caesarean deliveries was conducted between january 2013 and june 2014.
Effect Of Phyllanthus N/Ruri Extracts On High Fat Diet Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Rats
(2017-08)
Al Zarzour, Raghdaa
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a multifactorial condition that can exacerbate into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis, is the prime cause of chronic hepatic damage in patients with no history of alcohol consumption. It is strongly linked to insulin resistance, obesity and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, due to the lack of standard treatment for NAFLD, healthcare goals have only been to decrease the patient's weight, ameliorate oxidative stress and improve insulin resistance. This study investigated the therapeutic activity of Phyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae), an herb traditionally used for the treatment of liver diseases in a number of Asian communities, against NAFLD.
Evaluation Of Caregivers’ Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice On Medication Administration Process And Emotional Status In Long-Term Care Facilities In Penang, Selangor, And Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(2017-08)
Leow, May Yen
The world’s population is ageing; virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in their population. Ageing is the increasing share of older persons in the population and is poised to become one of the most significant social transformations of the twentyfirst century. Hence, the demand for long-term care facilities (LTCs) will be increased accordingly. 26 LTCs was surveyed to evaluate the quality of the institution's service on medication administration (MA) process. The aim of this research was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on MA process, and their associated predictors such as emotional, and education level among respondents at LTCs.
Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Implementation And Outcomes In Selected Hospitals At Makkah Region, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
(2018-01)
Haseeb, Abdul
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are collaborative efforts to optimize antimicrobial use in healthcare institutions through evidence-based quality improvement strategies. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of ASPs in a critical care setting for improving antimicrobial use, cost efficiency and clinical outcomes at selected hospitals in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In phase one study, an exploratory survey approach was adopted to determine the presence of morbidity caused by organisms in both out and in-patients blood isolates at two Saudi hospitals. Besides that, resistance pattern among community acquired pathogens such as the Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Bauinannii (MDR-AB) was also documented.
Impact Of An Educational Intervention On Community Residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes And Perceptions Regarding Antibiotics And Antibiotic Resistance In Jelutong District, Penang, Malaysia
(2018-08)
Irawati, Lyna
To combat antibiotic resistance (ABR), the World Health Organization (WHO) urges all nations to increase public knowledge of antibiotics and ABR. In Malaysia, there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of educational interventions on community residents’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions in relation to antibiotics and ABR. Therefore, this research project aimed to explore and assess community residents’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding antibiotics and ABR in Jelutong District, Penang, Malaysia. It also aimed to develop and implement an educational intervention to increase residents’ knowledge and change their attitudes towards and perceptions of antibiotics and ABR.

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