Publication: The pattern of personal listening device (PLD) use among university students and its impact on hearing status
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Date
2025
Authors
Amin, Nur Shamin Adriana Mohd
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Abstract
This study investigated the patterns of PLD use among university students and examined
its potential impact on hearing status. PLD usage has become nearly universal in this
population, especially among individuals aged 20 to 25, who often use these devices for
academic and leisure purposes. A cross-sectional survey and hearing assessment were
conducted involving university students to evaluate their listening behaviours, volume
preferences, and the relationship to hearing outcomes. Data were collected through
questionnaires and hearing assessments including pure tone audiometry (PTA) with
extended high-frequency thresholds at 12kHz and distortion product otoacoustic
emissions (DPOAE). Results showed that while most students perceived their listening
volume as moderate, with many exceeded the safe listening level, particularly in noisy
environments. A significant portion of participants who preferred higher volume levels
and longer daily usage showed elevated thresholds at 12kHz and reduced DPOAE results,
indicating early cochlear changes. Particularly, 32.3% reported difficulty hearing in noisy
environments despite normal PTA results, suggesting the presence of hidden hearing loss.
These findings highlight a gap between perceived and actual safe listening practices
among young adults and underscore the importance of education on hearing conservation.
The study recommends incorporating high-frequency PTA and DPOAE in routine hearing
screenings for early detection of auditory damages and NIHL.