Publication: Developing An Instrument To Measure Stem Teachers’ Knowledge On The Applications Of The 9 Pillars Of 4ir And Measuring The Moderating Effect Of Knowledge On The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Stem Teaching Practices
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Date
2025-08
Authors
Ravendran, Saravnesvaran
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Abstract
This study aims to develop and assess an instrument for measuring stem
(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) teachers' knowledge of the
applications of the 9 pillars of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and to investigate
the impact of this knowledge on the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and
stem teaching practices. The research involves the development of a valid instrument
and data collection through a survey administered to STEM teachers, exploring
correlations between 4ir knowledge, self-efficacy beliefs, and the implementation of
effective stem teaching strategies. The study's findings are expected to provide
valuable insights into the crucial connection between educators' awareness of 4ir
advancements, their confidence in teaching skills, and the practical integration of
innovative stem teaching practices. Implications include informing educational
policies and professional development programs to enhance stem education by
aligning teacher preparation with the transformative demands of the fourth industrial
revolution.
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Keywords
Developing An Instrument To Measure Stem Teachers’ Knowledge , The Applications Of The 9 Pillars Of 4ir And Measuring The Moderating Effect Of Knowledge , The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Stem Teaching Practices