Publication: Morphological evaluation of M1 and M2 macrophages derived from thp-1 cell under hypoxic microenvironment
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Date
2025-01
Authors
Siang, Chin Wei
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Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system, with M1 Macrophages promoting proinflammatory responses and M2 Macrophages facilitating anti-inflammatory and tissue repair mechanisms. This study investigates the morphological changes of M1 and M2 macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell under hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia, a common feature in various pathological environments, significantly influences morphological behaviour Polarization of THP-1 cells into M1 and M2 phenotypes was achieved using specific stimuli, and their morphological adaptations were analysed through microscopic imaging. Western blot analysis was employed to validate the successful induction of hypoxic microenvironment, confirming the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), a key marker of hypoxia. The results reveal distinct changes in cell shape, and structure between M1 and M2 macrophages under hypoxic microenvironment, highlighting the impact of oxygen deprivation on macrophage polarization and morphology. Further analysis demonstrated that hypoxic microenvironment enhances the phenotypic shift in macrophage, with minimal morphological changes observed in M1 macrophages. In contrast, M2 macrophages exhibited a significant transition toward an M1-like structure, characterized by decreased cell elongation and cytoplasmic protrusions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of macrophage behaviour in hypoxic microenvironments, offering insights into their roles in disease progression, including cancer, ischemia, and chronic inflammation. This study underscores the importance of exploring macrophage behaviour to identify potential therapeutic targets for hypoxia-associated diseases and their implications in immunotherapy and regenerative medicine
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