Publication: Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women with abnormal pregnancy in HUSM
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Date
2021
Authors
Sulong, Wan Addyana Binti Wan
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Abstract
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common virus associated with congenital malformations in developed countries. Pregnant women who acquired primary infection during pregnancy carry a high risk of transmission to the fetus, and fetal CMV infection in the early trimester can lead to severe congenital malformation. This study aims to describe the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women with abnormal pregnancy in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and describe the pregnancy outcome. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 153 serum samples of pregnant women with abnormal pregnancy were sent to the microbiology laboratory in a one-year duration from 1st June 2019 until 31st May 2020 either for TORCHES (Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex, HIV, Syphillis) screening or to rule out CMV infection. These samples were tested for CMV IgG and IgM antibodies' presence using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Out of 153, 112, which were positive with CMV IgG antibodies were then being tested with CMV IgG avidity using Elecsys CMV IgG avidity kit via ECLIA method for determination of the phase of infection. Medical records of these pregnant women were reviewed for the outcome of pregnancy. Results: The seroprevalence of CMV among pregnant women with abnormal pregnancy in HUSM was 98.69% (n=151/153). Out of 153, 1 sample was positive for CMV IgM and IgG, while the rest positive for CMV IgG only. Only 112 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were tested for CMV IgG avidity. The CMV IgG avidity result was categorized into primary CMV infection (n=4/112) and non-primary CMV infection (n=111/112). The abnormal pregnancy were those with either abnormal ultrasound findings, namely IUGR, SGA, ventriculomegaly, cerebral calcification, echogenic fetal bowel, or pregnancy loss such as miscarriage or intrauterine death. Three out of four mothers with primary CMV infection gave birth to a healthy child, while one mother had intrauterine death of her fetus. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of CMV in this study is comparable to other studies done in Asian regions with similar socioeconomic status. Most infections were non-primary as most likely, the people in this population have been infected during childhood or adolescence
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Keywords
Cytomegalovirus , pregnant women