Publication: Asymptomatic peripheral arterial diseases and its associated risk factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hospital USM
Date
2022
Authors
Mohd, Mohd Farhan Sharafuddin
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Abstract
Background Peripheral arterial disease [PAD] is a common manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is associated with an increased risk of death and ischemic events. PAD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality the among diabetic population. Detection of PAD among T2DM patients presents the opportunity to initiate secondary prevention by instituting atherosclerosis risk factor modification, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Ankle brachial index [ABI] by ultrasound Doppler is the standard screening method for detecting atherosclerosis in PAD patients. This study is determined to evaluate the proportion of asymptomatic PAD and associated risk factors for patients under Diabetic Clinic HUSM. Methodology This prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study included 159 diabetic patients who were regularly followed up in the Diabetic clinic HUSM between June 2021-November 2021. An ABI test was performed in all subjects for detection of PAD who did not have symptoms of PAD. An ABI value <0.90 indicates presence of PAD. A multiple logistic regression analysis was made between independent variables and the presence of an ABI<0.90. Results The final sample was 159 patients for whom ABI measurement was performed. The average age of 62.79 years, comprising 105 (66.0%) males and 54 (34.0%) females from which 30 (18.9%) obtained an ABI<0.90. Multiple Logistic Regression was done for 5 independent variables which are age, IHD, HLP, CVA and LDL. 2 variables were significant which were the IHD (OR 4.56 95% CI 1.41, 13.77 p=0.007)) and HLP (OR 6.71 95% CI 2.47, 18.25 p=<0.001) Conclusion The proportion of asymptomatic PAD among diabetes patients was 18.9%. (ABI <0.90). The presence of ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidaemia is significantly associated with PAD. The ABI test should be a regular routine in the diabetic clinic, especially on patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidaemia.
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Keywords
ischemic heart disease , hyperlipidemia