Publication: Red blood cell alloimmunization among rhesus d negative patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Date
2022
Authors
Shaari, Noorazlina
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Abstract
Background: Rhesus D (RhD) negative patients are considered rare blood group in Asian country including Malaysia. Thus, the red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization among RhD negative patient is considered significant because of the availability and rarity of the blood itself make it more difficult to find compatible blood. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence, specificities of alloantibodies, and associated factors of RBC alloimmunization among RhD negative patients admitted to Hospital USM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 562 RhD negative patients admitted to Hospital USM, from January 2011 to December 2019. Demographic, clinical and transfusion data were collected from patients record and laboratory information system retrospectively. The blood samples were subjected to the standard immuno-hematological procedure for RBC alloantibody screening and identification using Diamed ID gel microtyping system. Pearson’s Chi square and Fisher Exact test were used for statistical analysis and p value less 0.05 is considered significant. Result: The mean age of patients is 41 years old with majority were female (71.4%), Malay (87.5%), and blood group O (40.2%). The main reason of admission is due to pregnancy related (48.5%) and trauma (18.1%). Majority of the patients were rr (67%). The prevalence of RBC alloimmunization was 3.6% (n=20). Most of alloimmunized patients were with single alloantibody (n=18), and belong to rhesus antibody (n=16). The commonest alloantibody specificity is anti-D (n=14) followed by anti-Le (n=4). The significant associated factors with RBC alloimmunization were history of blood transfusion (p=0.049) and Rh phenotype (p=0.047). Conclusion: The rate of RBC alloimmunization in RhD negative patients was low. Nevertheless, it still mandatory that there should be one standard universal protocol to identify RhD negative patients and screening for antibody especially anti-D which is clinically significant
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