Publication: Synthesis, Characterization, And In Vitro Anticancer Activities Of Benzyl-Functionalized Benzimidazolium Salts And Their Silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
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Date
2025-09
Authors
Wong, Choon Hoe
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Abstract
Cancer remains a persistent global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic agents. Metal-based drugs, particularly those with silver(i) ions, are promising due to their high reactivity and ability to form stable complexes with biological molecules, offering potential advantages over traditional treatments. Current chemotherapeutic drugs often cause severe toxicity and suffer drug resistance, which drives the development of new compounds with improved efficacy and selectivity. In this study, two new series of unsymmetrical benzyl-functionalized and their silver(i)-n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) complexes were prepared. The benzimidazolium salts, c2-c11, were prepared via n-alkylation of 1-decylbenzimidazole with benzyl or substituted benzyl bromides, followed by in situ deprotonation with silver(i) oxide (ag2o) and a metathesis reaction with potassium hexafluorophosphate (kpf6) to yield silver(i)-nhc complexes, c12-c21. These compounds were characterized using fourier-transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy and fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance (ft-nmr) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (lc-ms), ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (uplc-ms), and chn elemental analysis. Their in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against human cervical cancer (hela) and breast cancer (mcf-7) cells, as well as normal skin fibroblast (hs27) were evaluated via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay.
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Keywords
Synthesis , Characterization , Vitro Anticancer Activities Benzyl-Functionalized