Publication: Vitamin d deficiency in covid-19 patient: an association towards disease progression, morbidity and mortality
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Date
2022
Authors
Ming, Ung Xiu
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Abstract
Background: Vitamin D has immunomodulation properties by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines besides reducing influenza virus replication and destruction of invading pathogens. Vitamin D deficiency could be a readily modifiable risk factor that can potentially affect the outcome of COVID-19. We aim to study the association between vitamin D deficiency with disease progression, mortality and morbidity in COVID-19. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving a total of 88 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were admitted to the ICU. Patients were classified into the plasma vitamin D sufficient group (25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L) and the vitamin D deficient group (25(OH)D <75 nmol/L). The primary outcome measured was the association of plasma vitamin D deficiency with ICU mortality using the Chi-Square test. Secondary outcomes were the association of plasma vitamin D deficiency with peak C-Reacgtive Protein (CRP) level, the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 84.09% of the study population. There was no significant difference between vitamin D sufficient vs vitamin D deficient towards mortality; 37.5% vs 37.84%; p = 0.880. The assessment of secondary outcomes revealed insignificant difference in peak CRP (median 151.3 mg/L, IQR ± 132.875 mg/L vs median 144.2 mg/L, IQR ± 195.1 mg/L; p-value = 0.350), requirement of mechanical ventilator (64.29% vs. 52.70%; p-value = 0.425), and duration of mechanical ventilation (median 3 days, IQR ± 18.25 days vs median 3.5 days, IQR ± 15.25 days; p-value = 0.675). Conclusion: No significant associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and peak CRP level, the requirement of an invasive mechanical ventilator, duration of invasive mechanical ventilator, and mortality.
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Keywords
Vitamin D deficiency , COVID-19