Publication: Association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage with glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM)
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Date
2026-06
Authors
Jing, Cheong Wen
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is one of the growing global public health concerns. Anthropometric indicators such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage are commonly used to assess adiposity; however, the relationship between these indicators and glycaemic control remains inconsistent across studies. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association of BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage with glycaemic control (HbA1c) among patients with T2DM at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). A total of 94 T2DM patients aged 19 years and above participated in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face administration of a structured data collection form, followed by anthropometric measurements using a SECA stadiometer, a SECA non-elastic measuring tape, and a Tanita SC-240MA body composition analyser, as well as retrieval of HbA1c values from medical records. Spearman’s rank correlation was used for statistical analysis. The results showed no significant association between BMI and HbA1c (p = 0.765), waist circumference and HbA1c (p = 0.533), or body fat percentage and HbA1c (p = 0.644), indicating that individual anthropometric indicators may not be predictors of glycaemic control in this population. It is suggested that a combined use of anthropometric measurements may provide a more comprehensive assessment of adiposity status in clinical practice. Anthropometric indicators should also be interpreted alongside other clinical and non-clinical factors to better understand glycaemic control. Future studies are recommended to include larger sample sizes, additional confounding variables, and longitudinal study designs to identify causal relationships between body composition and glycaemic control.
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