Publication: Identification of potential biomarkers and metabolic changes in the serum of breast lump patients among Kelantanese based on 1H NMR metabolomics
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Date
2021
Authors
Zulkefly, Ahmad
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Abstract
Objective The goal of this study is to determine the serum metabolic fingerprint level among breast lump and healthy control. This study also aims to identify potential biomarkers between breast lump and healthy control. Methods This was a case-control study conducted at the Hospital USM BestARi unit. Serum samples from healthy control (HC), benign breast lump (BE), and malignant breast lump (BC) were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). A multivariate data analysis approach was applied to analyze the data. Results The OPLS-DA and clustered heat map approaches were successful in distinguishing between the three groups. Significant metabolite variations were discovered between groups and the prospective biomarkers by using OPLS-DA loading plots as well as S plots. The perturbed metabolic pathways were determined by applying pathway analysis. Conclusion The metabolomics approach with multivariate analysis was able to fingerprint metabolites and identify key metabolites that lead to separation between groups, discovery of putative biomarkers that may be used to diagnose breast cancer, and suggest altered metabolism pathways. D-glucose, glycerol, and glycine, were proposed as the potential biomarkers in diagnosing breast cancer. It was suggested that metabolic pathways such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, were identified as the involved metabolic pathways. However, much more research and information integration with other 'omics' is required before any clinical translation can be undertaken.
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