Aktiviti antimikrob ekstrak vernonia cinerea l., tridax procumbens l., dan emilia sonchifo/ia l. daripada famili asteraceae
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Date
2009
Authors
Lachimanan, Yoga Latha (A/P)
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Abstract
This research was conducted to study the antimicrobial effect of three
plant extracts of Asteraceae family namely Vernonia cinerea L., Tridax
procumbens L., and Emilia sonchifolia L. Fifteen types of extracts were
extracted from V. cinerea, T. procumbens and E. Sonchifolia namely methanol,
chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and buthanol. Screening of these
different extracts for antimicrobial activity showed that the extracts possess
significant antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative
bacteria and yeast cells but not against the fungi tested. The minimum
inhibitory co ncentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC)
values for different extract of V. cinerea, T. procumbens dan E. sonchifolia had
been determined in the range of 1.56 - 50.00 mg/ml and 3.13 - 100.00 mg/ml,
respectively. The results of the screening study and the effects of concentration
of the different extracts on microorganism revealed that the methanolic extract
of V. cinerea exhibited most significant antimicrobial activity among the three
plants. Hence, further study was concentrated only on methanol extract of V.
cinerea. Methanol extract of V. cinerea at the MIC, 1/2 MIC and 2 times MIC
concentration can inhibit the log phase of Candida albicans and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. Microscopic studies showed that the methanol extract of V. cinerea
caused some physiological and morphological changes in the treated cells of
C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Based on scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies, the methanol extract of
V. cinerea (100.00 mg/ml) exhibited two different types of mechanisms on the
tested microorganisms such as attacking the cell wall and disrupting their
metabolism. The toxicity test for methanol extract of V. cinerea was carried out
using brine shrimp lethality test and mice acute toxicity test. The methanol
extract of V. cinerea screened for toxicity against the brine shrimp had lethality
concentration of 50% (LC50) value more than 1 mg/ml and screening for acute
toxicity in mice had lethality dose of 50% (LD50) value more than 2000 mg/ml.
These findings confirmed that the crude extract of V. cinerea was not toxic.
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Keywords
Tridax procumbens , Famili asteraceae