(PP)/Etilena Propilena Diena Monomer (EPDM) terisi sludge kertas
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Date
2005
Authors
Salmah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
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Abstract
Composite of thermoplastic elastomer blend of polypropylene (PP) and
ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber reinforced paper sludge (PS)
(PP/EPDM/SK) was investigated. In general, increase in paper sludge loading have
increased the value of stabilization torque, Young’s modulus, water absorption, thermal
stability and crystallinity of composite, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break
reduced. The effect of different particle size of PP/EPDM/PS composite with smaller
size (13 μm) showed the higher tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus,
water absorption and crystallinity of composites than composites with particle size of 63
μm and 218 μm. For all particle size the thermal stability was similar. Comparison of
PP/EPDM/Kaolin composite showed the higher tensil strength, elongation at break and
thermal stability but lower water absorption than PP/EPDM/PS. However,
PP/EPDM/PS composites have higher Young’s modulus and crystallinity of composite
compared to PP/EPDM/Kaolin composites. A compatibilizer, MAPP and coupling
agent, LICA 12 or 3-APE were used to improve the mechanical properties of the
composites. The presence of MAPP, LICA 12 or 3-APE improved tensile strength,
Young’s modulus, thermal stability, crystallinity of composites, whereas elongation at
break and water absorption reduced. Result from scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
showed that filler-matrix interaction was improved with incorporation of MAPP, LICA 12
or 3-APE. Esterification and acetylation of paper sludge in PP/EPDM composite
increased tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, thermal stability and
crystallinity composite but water absorption reduced. Morphology by SEM analysis
indicates that esterified and asetylated composites show better filler dispersion in
matrix. The effect of dynamic vulcanization and dynamic vulcanization with
compatibilizer, MAPP have increased mechanical and thermal properties. It was attributed to the crosslinking in EPDM phase and compatibility in plastic phase, which
showed reduced water absorption of PP/EPDM/SK composites.
The effect of rotor speed and temperature on rheological behavior of composite
was also studied. Increased paper sludge loading has increased shear rate, shear
stress, apparent viscosity and activation energy (Ea) but power law index (n)
decreased. PP/EPDM/PS composites are pseudoplastic in nature and exhibit elastic
phenomenon. It was found that paper sludge based composites have slightly higher
melt viscosity than kaolin based composites. Incorporation compatibilizer, MAPP and
coupling agent LICA12 increased rheology behavior: shear rate, shear stress, apparent
viscosity, activation energy (Ea) and power law index (n) than untreated composite.The
dynamic vulcanization with MAPP compatibilizer increased melt viscosity of the
composites. Dynamic vulcanization with MAPP filled composites showed pseudoplastic
behavior compared to unvulcanized composites.
Description
Ph.D
Keywords
Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering , Paper Sludge Filled Polypropylene , Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer