(PP)/Etilena Propilena Diena Monomer (EPDM) terisi sludge kertas

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dc.contributor.authorSalmah
dc.date.accessioned2014-11-14T07:50:20Z
dc.date.available2014-11-14T07:50:20Z
dc.date.issued2005
dc.descriptionPh.Den_US
dc.description.abstractComposite of thermoplastic elastomer blend of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber reinforced paper sludge (PS) (PP/EPDM/SK) was investigated. In general, increase in paper sludge loading have increased the value of stabilization torque, Young’s modulus, water absorption, thermal stability and crystallinity of composite, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break reduced. The effect of different particle size of PP/EPDM/PS composite with smaller size (13 μm) showed the higher tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, water absorption and crystallinity of composites than composites with particle size of 63 μm and 218 μm. For all particle size the thermal stability was similar. Comparison of PP/EPDM/Kaolin composite showed the higher tensil strength, elongation at break and thermal stability but lower water absorption than PP/EPDM/PS. However, PP/EPDM/PS composites have higher Young’s modulus and crystallinity of composite compared to PP/EPDM/Kaolin composites. A compatibilizer, MAPP and coupling agent, LICA 12 or 3-APE were used to improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The presence of MAPP, LICA 12 or 3-APE improved tensile strength, Young’s modulus, thermal stability, crystallinity of composites, whereas elongation at break and water absorption reduced. Result from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that filler-matrix interaction was improved with incorporation of MAPP, LICA 12 or 3-APE. Esterification and acetylation of paper sludge in PP/EPDM composite increased tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, thermal stability and crystallinity composite but water absorption reduced. Morphology by SEM analysis indicates that esterified and asetylated composites show better filler dispersion in matrix. The effect of dynamic vulcanization and dynamic vulcanization with compatibilizer, MAPP have increased mechanical and thermal properties. It was attributed to the crosslinking in EPDM phase and compatibility in plastic phase, which showed reduced water absorption of PP/EPDM/SK composites. The effect of rotor speed and temperature on rheological behavior of composite was also studied. Increased paper sludge loading has increased shear rate, shear stress, apparent viscosity and activation energy (Ea) but power law index (n) decreased. PP/EPDM/PS composites are pseudoplastic in nature and exhibit elastic phenomenon. It was found that paper sludge based composites have slightly higher melt viscosity than kaolin based composites. Incorporation compatibilizer, MAPP and coupling agent LICA12 increased rheology behavior: shear rate, shear stress, apparent viscosity, activation energy (Ea) and power law index (n) than untreated composite.The dynamic vulcanization with MAPP compatibilizer increased melt viscosity of the composites. Dynamic vulcanization with MAPP filled composites showed pseudoplastic behavior compared to unvulcanized composites.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/496
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectMaterials and Mineral Resources Engineeringen_US
dc.subjectPaper Sludge Filled Polypropyleneen_US
dc.subjectEthylene Propylene Diene Terpolymeren_US
dc.title(PP)/Etilena Propilena Diena Monomer (EPDM) terisi sludge kertasen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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