Synthesis And Characterization Of Fire Retardant Paper Via Phosphorylation
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Date
2011-05
Authors
Azman, Amzar
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
This study was undertaken to produce a fire retardant paper from the nation’s
local raw material, Acacia mangium using the phosphorylation process. There are three
main stages conducted in this study. The first stage of the treatment requires the pulp to
be treated in an aqueous solution containing DMF, urea and phosphorus acid, swept by
nitrogen gas at a temperature range of 140oC to 145oC. Response surface method (RSM)
was used to determine the factor range required for this study. The factors used in the
second stage treatment are the period of immersion, the immersion temperature and the
concentration of Ca(OH)2. While for the third stage treatment, the factors required are the
immersion period, temperature of treatment and the concentration of Ca(OH)2 and
H3PO4. The main responses determined from all the three treatment stages are the
percentage of the phosphorus content bound with the cellulosic material and the fire
retardant ability of the material by using limited oxygen index. From the study, it has
been shown that the first stage treatment has the highest percentage of the phosphorus
content which is 1.71%, and the percentage of the oxygen index also shows the highest
value which is 30.95% compared to the untreated SFI pulp which is only 17.90%.
However, the percentage of the phosphorus content bound to the SFI hardwood decreased
in the second and third stage treatment with only 1.62% and 1.13% of the phosphorus
content. The percentage of the oxygen index was also found to decrease with values for
both stages were 26.75% and 20-22% for the second and third stage treatment
respectively. Other analyses using DSC, FTIR, SEM and EDX have been conducted to
verify the presence of phosphorus and calcium substance on the SFI hardwood pulp to
confirm the effectiveness of the treatment conducted.
Description
Keywords
Produce a fire retardant paper , from the nation’s local raw material