Satu kajian tentang pola interaksi di antara guru-guru kaunseling dengan klien mereka di tiga buah sekolah menengah kerajaan di daerah Limbang Sarawak dengan menggunakan analisis hermeneutik
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Date
1998-02
Authors
Pura, Gumbang
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Abstract
This study focuses on the identification of patterns of interactions between counseling
teachers and their clients in counseling sessions. Hermeneutic Analysis is chosen as a method in .
this study mainly because its capability of identifying both the overt and the covert structure of
any interaction texts. Due to the qualitative, interpretative and phenomenological nature of the
Hermeneutic Analysis, therefore the researcher does not apply any element related to statistics
or hypothesis testing.
This study involved only eleven counseling sessions conducted by eight counseling
teachers upon eleven clients from three Government Secondary Schools in Limbang District,
Sarawak. The main findings of this study are:
( 1) The interaction between counseling teachers and their client is organized into many episodes
and each episode has a peculiar themes.
(2) The maintenance of "withness and togetherness" between counseling teachers and their
clients became very important in order to ensure the smooth running of the counseling
interactions between them.
(3) The course of the counseling sessions is determined by the "higher level intention" or the
"global intention" which the counseling teachers have, because they are the ones who have
the "End-In-Sight" or the "End-Session-Goal" and not the client. Generally the counseling
teachers' '"higher level intention" is to ensure that there are positive changes taking place
among their clients.
( 4) The existence of hierarchical status and ranking of power phenomenon between the
counseling teachers and their clients is quite clear, whereby the counseling teachers take top
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ranking position and clients are at the low ranking. This pattern is obviously detected where
the counseling teachers have the right to give advice, warning, confrontation and exercise
some forms of assessments towards their clients.
(5) There are two forms or patterns of "Act-Turn" i.e. the "Act-Turn with fusion of intention"
whereby both the counseling teachers and clients can interact smoothly due to their mutual
understanding about the so-called interaction between one another. Nevertheless, there are
times whereby the counseling teachers encounter clients who refuse to talk but exhibit nonverbal
gesture. This situation leads to the "Quasi Act-Turn" whereby the counseling teachers
are forced to carry out some forms of assumption or projection or engaged themselves in a
technique called "temporary diversion" to derive reaction from their clients.
(6) Normally the counseling sessions start with the elements of mutual greeting between the
counseling teachers and their clients to create "withness and togetherness" atmosphere, and
the closing sessions consist of advice, warning and assessments from the counseling
teachers.
The result of this study may help counseling teachers to have deeper understanding
upon the various phenomenon of interaction in counseling sessions and thus might help them to
carry out their counseling duties effectively in their respective schools.
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Keywords
Pola interaksi , Guru-guru kaunseling dengan klien , Tiga buah sekolah menengah kerajaan , Daerah Limbang Sarawak , Analisis hermeneutik