Cellulose Phosphate From Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Biomaterial
Loading...
Date
2011-04
Authors
Kassim, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
OPEFB-CP with a DS of 2.4 was synthesized from oil palm biomass via the
phosphorylation of microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC) using the H3PO4/
P2O5/ Et3PO4/ hexanol method. Characterization of OPEFB-CP was performed using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDX), Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and water absorption. The
biocompatibility in terms of cytotoxicity of OPEFB-CP was performed on mouse
skin fibroblast cells (L929) by MTS Assay analysis and Trypan Blue Exclusion by
indirect extraction method. The proliferation rate of L929 cell on OPEFB-CP IC50
concentration was accessed up to 8 days. The bioactivity of OPEFB-CP was studied
by immersion of OPEFB-CP in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for 30 days in order to
observe its applicability to form apatite nuclei.
Results showed that phosphorylation has changed the OPEFB-MCC surface
morphology, where OPEFB-CP has a more sponge-like surface character and
compact structure. EDX confirmed the presence of phosphorous with a 16.4%
increase in atomic weight of P upon phosphorylation. The presence of new FTIR
peaks at 2380 cm-1, 1380 cm-1 and a shoulder at 920–1000 cm-1 are indications of a
successful grafting of the phosphate groups on the cellulose backbone. XRD data
revealed that most of the diffraction bands of OPEFB-MCC were depressed or absent
demonstrating the loss of crystallinity of the material after phosphorylation. OPEFBMCC
have a higher thermal stability as compared to OPEFB-CP, nevertheless
OPEFB-MCC presents a total loss of 90% while the OPEFB-CP showed a loss of
only 62%; the smaller rate of mass loss of the latter is attributed to some kind of
thermal protection of the phosphate on the product. OPEFB-CP has also higher water
absorption capacity.
Description
Keywords
Cellulose phosphate from oil palm biomass , as potential biomaterial