Cellulose Phosphate From Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Biomaterial
| dc.contributor.author | Kassim, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-08-01T07:37:42Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-08-01T07:37:42Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011-04 | |
| dc.description.abstract | OPEFB-CP with a DS of 2.4 was synthesized from oil palm biomass via the phosphorylation of microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC) using the H3PO4/ P2O5/ Et3PO4/ hexanol method. Characterization of OPEFB-CP was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and water absorption. The biocompatibility in terms of cytotoxicity of OPEFB-CP was performed on mouse skin fibroblast cells (L929) by MTS Assay analysis and Trypan Blue Exclusion by indirect extraction method. The proliferation rate of L929 cell on OPEFB-CP IC50 concentration was accessed up to 8 days. The bioactivity of OPEFB-CP was studied by immersion of OPEFB-CP in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for 30 days in order to observe its applicability to form apatite nuclei. Results showed that phosphorylation has changed the OPEFB-MCC surface morphology, where OPEFB-CP has a more sponge-like surface character and compact structure. EDX confirmed the presence of phosphorous with a 16.4% increase in atomic weight of P upon phosphorylation. The presence of new FTIR peaks at 2380 cm-1, 1380 cm-1 and a shoulder at 920–1000 cm-1 are indications of a successful grafting of the phosphate groups on the cellulose backbone. XRD data revealed that most of the diffraction bands of OPEFB-MCC were depressed or absent demonstrating the loss of crystallinity of the material after phosphorylation. OPEFBMCC have a higher thermal stability as compared to OPEFB-CP, nevertheless OPEFB-MCC presents a total loss of 90% while the OPEFB-CP showed a loss of only 62%; the smaller rate of mass loss of the latter is attributed to some kind of thermal protection of the phosphate on the product. OPEFB-CP has also higher water absorption capacity. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6110 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Universiti Sains Malaysia | en_US |
| dc.subject | Cellulose phosphate from oil palm biomass | en_US |
| dc.subject | as potential biomaterial | en_US |
| dc.title | Cellulose Phosphate From Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Biomaterial | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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