Calcium phosphate-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites for injectable bone substitute
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Date
2011-02
Authors
Low, Kah Ling
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Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) has shown very good performance as bone
substitute material without any side effects for both in vitro and in vivo. However,
these CPCs suffer from a relatively low compressive strength, limiting its
applicability in orthopedics. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop the
injectable bone substitute (IBS) consisting of CPCs with different types of
multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to.
create CPCIMWCNTs/BSA composites with the purpose of improving the
mechanical properties of the pure CPCs. The presence of MWCNTs and BSA were
found to have significant effects in influencing the morphology of hydroxyapatite
(HA) crystals in CPCs matrix. BSA was found to act as promoter for HA growth
when bounded to the surface of CPCs grains. Thus, the addition of MWCNTs and
BSA could lead to an improvement of compressive strength by modifying the
properties of the crystallites. In order to have a systematic process study, design of
experiment (DOE) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) and central
composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the relationship between the
compressive strength of the composites with the process parameters studied, which
was then used for the optimization process. Compressive strength tests, scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and
injectability tests were used to evaluate the composites properties. Characterization
results showed that CPCs composites containing hydroxyl group functionalized
MWCNT (MWCNT-OH) and BSA exhibited the highest compressive strength (60
MPa) after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF).
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Keywords
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) has shown very good performance , as bone substitute material without any side effects