Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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Anion Exchanger 1 Gene (AE1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis Among Malays With Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (DRTA) And Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO)
(2018-08)
Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) encoding the erythroid and kidney isoforms of AE1 protein is located on chromosome 17. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized as its inability to acidify urine pH caused by AE1 polymorphisms. Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary red blood cell abnormality caused by 27bp deletions in AE1. dRTA and SAO is highly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries. Polymorphism in AE1 is known to cause both SAO and dRTA associated with 27bp deletions which is still unclear.
Association Analysis Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of Opioid Dependence Genes Among Malay Males In Malaysia
(2018-09)
Nagaya, Devaki
Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder is associated with genetics. There are many studies have been reported the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with drug dependence and among those, twelve (12) candidate genes that were associated with drug dependence will be. investigated in this study. The candidate genes are OPRD1 (Delta Opioid Receptor), OPR.K1 (Kappa Opioid Receptor), COMT (Catechol — O-Methyltransferase gene), PDYN (Prodynorphin), DRD4 (Dopamine receptor D4), ABCB1(P glycoprotein), DUSP (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 27) and rs 10494334. The goal of this study was to determine the frequencies of these SNPs rsl042114, rs702764, rs 199774, rs 1022563, rs910080, rs737866, rs 10494334, rsl800955, rsl 128503, rsl045642, and rs2032582 and to study their association with opioid dependence in Malay males in Malaysian population.
Nanoencapsulation Of Thiolated Sodium Alginate: Synthesis, Drug Release And Cellular Uptake Studies
(2018-11)
Oral drug delivery has becoming the most preferred route of administration for chemotherapeutic drugs, however its application is limited due to lack of drug targeting specificity to the localised cancerous cells but not to the normal cells. Polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery is a potential solution to deliver hydrophobic drugs specifically to colon, thus causing less side effects.
Molecular Toxico-Pathology Responses Of EUDRILUS EUGENIAE TO 2- AMINO-l-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5- bJPYRIDINE (PhIP) AND 2-AMINO-3,8- DIMETHYLIMIDAZO [4,5-f]QUINOXALINE (MeIQx)
(2019-01)
Balogun, Wasiu Gbolahan
The carcinogenic risks of highly heated proteinaceous foods are at large associated with the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), evidence in their substantial presence in the biota. The earthworm Eiidrilus eugeniae (E. eugeniae) is a terrestrial ubiquitous animal, susceptible to toxicity from environmental contamination, and a suitable model for understanding the mechanism of toxic agents such as HCAs. Thus, this study elucidated the vulnerability of E. eugeniae to HCAs induced toxicity using a modified OECD TG207 approach.
Effects Of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Human Corneal Epithelial Cells’ Growth
(2019-12)
Ex vivo cultivated corneal limbal stem cell (LSC) transplantation is the contemporary therapy for comeal epithelial regeneration. The success rate of this therapy is dependent on the cell culture conditions and the carrier system. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) has regenerative ability and are rich with paracrine factors. Cells cultivated in spherical scaffolds could provide a similar in vivo environment to the cell niche and may positively alter the stem cells properties. This study aims to improve the cellular quality of the comeal epithelial transplantation graft using a robust cell population method. Human telomere modified comeal epithelial cells (hTCECs) were co-cultured in direct and indirect cell culture with hUC-MSCs. Characterisation of corneal markers p63, ABCG2, ABCB5, and differentiation marker K3 were performed.
A Five Year (2013-2017) Retrospective Study On The Data Of Laboratory Testing For Biocompatibility Of Medical Device Implant Registered With Malaysia Medical Device Authority
(2021-11)
Sunthara Murthi A/L Anamalai
The study focused on the implantable medical devices which require most number of biocompatibility data. Data collection form reflecting the MeDC@St data entry pages is prepared to manually retrieve the deposited information for registration between July 2013 to December 2017, amounting to 1925 registration with some exceeds 100 pages content per registration.
Dual-Thresholding Based Sinogram Interpolation To Reduce Metal Artefact In Computed Tomography Imaging
(2021-12)
Nurul Fathin Binti Mohamad Sobri
Metal artefacts can degrade the image quality of computed tomography (CT) images which lead to difficulties and errors in diagnostic analysis. Metal artefacts appear as bright and dark streaks around the metal object. It is caused by beam hardening effects, photons starvation, non-linear partial volume, photon scatter, undersampling and inappropriate correction algorithm during reconstruction of image. The aim of this study is to improve the sinogram interpolation technique for metal artefacts reduction (MAR) in CT images.
Effect Of Nipa (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb.) Vinegar On The Inhibition Of Intestinal Glucose Absorption
(2021-12)
Farjana Yasmin
Nipa palm vinegar is a traditional vinegar widely used in Southeast Asia as a condiment and a home remedy for several ailments. Previous studies have reported the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of nipa palm vinegar. In this study, the effects of consuming nipa palm vinegar on postprandial glucose levels were scrutinized.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicle In Rat Model Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(2022-01)
Noridzzaida Binti Ridzuan
This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) derived EV in a rat model of COPD. Human UC-MSC-EV were isolated and characterized by using transmission electron microscope, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis
Development And Validation Of Online Preconcentration Capillary Electrophoresis Methods For The Determination Of Selected Pharmaceutical Compounds In Aqueous Matrices
(2022-01)
Semail, Nadhiratul-Farihin
In this study, several preconcentration strategies in capillary electrophoresis (CE) were developed to improve the sensitivity of detection of pharmaceutical compound in real aqueous matrices. This is due to the core challenge to develop simple and sensitive analytical method for trace analysis study of selected analytes (anticancer, antibiotic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are very limited. Higher interference level from complex matrix (biological, food and water) with analytical instrument poor detection capability directed to development of online preconcentration technique. The first technique termed sequential injection mode stacking was developed for the separation and determination of anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its metabolite namely, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FdUrd) in human plasma obtained from cancer patients. In this technique, large sample volume was introduced through electrokinetic injection followed by hydrodynamic injection. Under the optimized experimental conditions, 614- and 643- fold and 782- and 803- fold sensitivity improvement was obtained for both 5-FU and its metabolite when compared with normal hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection alone, respectively.
Proteomic Analyses Of Streblus Asper Root Extract On Cervical Cancer
(2022-02)
Roslan, Muhammad Nabil Fikri
Cervical cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in women. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, there were 569,847 incidents and 311,365 deaths worldwide in 2018. The current treatment options such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been typically found to cause adverse side effects that hinder the treatment efficacy. In contrast, natural products have been found to provide better treatment efficacy. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of one natural product known as Streblus asper root extract to be an alternative prospect to the current treatment practise.
Investigation On Cancer Chemopreventive Activity Of Fabricated Tq Encapsulated Plga-Pf68 Nanoparticles On Selected Breast Cancer Cell Lines
(2022-02)
Nurul Shahfiza Binti Noor
Drug resistance is remains as a major obstacle in breast cancer therapy. This has attracted considerable interest to overcome drug resistance with bioactive compounds. Free thymoquinone (TQ) has been extensively studied for its anticancer properties. In the clinical setting, its therapeutic potential has not been explored due to its volatile nature. Therefore, the study aimed to develop TQ polymeric nanoparticles and evaluate its effects on drug resistant breast cancer cells.
Application Of Green Silicone Surfactant In Microextraction Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Food Samples
(2022-02)
Vasagee Elencovan
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphate chemicals that have been extensively applied in field crops to get rid of pests and insects. The repeated consumption of OPPs in agriculture, lead to their presence at trace quantity in food products and thus, there is a growing demand for the identification and quantification of OPPs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of a novel green nonionic silicone surfactant (SS) in the development of various extraction techniques for the determination of OPPs in food samples. Firstly, the SS has been explored as an emulsifier in vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SS-VALLME) for the determination of OPPs in food samples with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SS facilitates the emulsification of extraction solvent into the aqueous matrix solution thus enhancing the partitioning of target OPPs into the extraction phase. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of the proposed method were in the range of 0.008 − 0.1 μgL-1 while good determination coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9989 to 0.9994 were obtained. Application of the developed method gave acceptable relative recovery of OPPs (80 − 118%) from food samples. Next, the green SS was further explored by combining with dodecanoic acid (DoAc) to produce deep eutectic solvent (DES) in which the SS acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while the DoAc acts as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The newly synthesized SS:DoAc based DES was applied in VALLME as an emulsifier.
Metal Ions Leachables And Microstructure Of Fake Orthodontic Braces: An In Vitro Study
(2022-03)
Ibrahim Alkurdi, Riyam Haleem
Fake braces are an artificial orthodontic device that are now gaining attention and becoming increasingly popular among teenagers and youths in Malaysia. It involves illegal practitioners with doubtful quality and standard of tools and materials which have not been sterilised. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the elemental changes and the microstructure of fake braces immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and artificial saliva (AS). Five different fake braces were immersed in SBF and AS at 37 ˚C, and one fixed orthodontic appliance was used as control. The elementary changes of fake braces were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to analyse the morphological changes of the braces, assessed at days 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. The data have been analysed by using One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni with P<0.05 considered as statistically significant. After immersion in SBF, ICP-OES revealed Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mo, B, Pb, Al, and P ions released from fake braces samples had significant ions release compared to control samples. When immersed in AS, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Pb, and Al ions, have significant ions releasing fake samples.
Feasibility Of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (Cmos)-Based Time-Of-Flight (Tof) Image Sensors In Conjunction With Kilovoltage (Kv) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) For Real-Time Tumour Tracking In Radiotherapy
(2022-03)
Lim, Siew Yong @ Siew Eng
Respiratory induced tumour movement is one of the main causes of error in thoracic radiotherapy. The tumour movement may results in sub-optimal delivery of radiation to the target during treatment. The objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of two Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)-based Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensors in conjunction with kilovoltage (kV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging system for real-time tumour tracking in radiotherapy. A dynamic phantom was designed to simulate the periodic breathing motion of patient. Two ToF image sensors (Argos3D P320 & P330, BECOM Electronics, Austria) of different pixel array size and type of illumination system were employed.
Investigation Of Time-Of-Flight (TOF) Imaging System During Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Radiotherapy (DIBH-RT) For Left Breast Cancer Patients
(2022-04)
Auwal, Abu Bakar
Deep inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy (DIBH-RT) pushes the heart away from treatment field thereby reducing the cardiac dose by over 50%. However, poor reproducibility and stability of the breath-hold during DIBH-RT treatment delivery could jeopardise the treatment success. The purpose of this work was to study the application of a Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging system for monitoring breath-hold during DIBH-RT. Argos P330 3D ToF Camera (Bluetechnix Austria) was characterised by imaging an ISOCube phantom to assess the ToF measurement stability in conjunction with CBCT. Subsequently, the ToF imaging was performed on a total of 13 DIBH-RT patients during setup verification with CBCT imaging. Chest surface displacements were estimated from each modality and compared to validate the ToF measurement.
Development Of An Automatic Calculation Method For Ct Dose Estimation Based On Individual Specific Size In Paediatric Population
(2022-05)
Abdulkadir, Muhammad Kabir
The current dose estimation based on CTDIvol in paediatric CT leads to significant inaccuracies in dose estimation due to inadequate size consideration. Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) was employed to correct the effect resulting from the use of current CT protocols and minimise the radiation dose that been delivered more than double the intended dose to paediatric. This study aims to evaluate the current paediatric CT protocols and associated dose received by paediatric from CT scans. This study also aims to develop an automatic calculator using MATLAB algorithm for accurate patient size measurement and SSDE calculation. A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate CT protocols and associated dose (CTDIvol), patient size (manual measured Deff and Dw) and SSDE of paediatric patients undergoing head and abdomen CT scans. An automated calculation algorithm was developed on MATLAB platform for patient size measurement (Deff) and SSDE calculation. Numerical data analysed were scan parameters, estimated doses (CTDIvol and SSDE), manual and automated Deff estimates of patient size. Scan parameters and dose (CTDIvol) were compared with diagnostic reference ranges (DRLs) while automated SSDE calculator was validated with the manual size measurement and SSDE calculation. Local diagnostic reference ranges and patient size distribution were derived. The results showed a disparity of 7 to 51% between CTDIvol and SSDE. Automated calculator yields accurate measured size and calculated SSDE with an estimation error of less than 2%.
Quality Of Life Assessment For Patients And Families With Primary Immunodeficiency In Malaysia
(2022-05)
Meelad, Ruwaydah Ahmed Mohammed
Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) affects various aspects of a patient’s life. However, the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is poorly defined in Malaysian PID patients. Using a two-phase methodology, this study aimed to determine the quality of life of Malaysian PID patients and parents. The first phase was a quantitative study involving the assessment of the quality of life using the PedsQL Malay version (4.0) questionnaire. This cross-sectional study was performed from August 2020 to November 2020. Patients with PID and their families were invited to answer the PedsQL Malay version (4.0) questionnaire: a tool used to assess the HRQOL. The data were compared with previously published values of healthy Malaysian children. The second phase of the study involved qualitative interviews meeting with 10 parents through an audio recording at PID clinic (IPPT hospital), which was conducted from 1st of March to 30th May 2021. The interviews lasted for approximately 30 minutes with each parent, and the records were transcribed and translated from Malay to the English language. Subsequently, thematic analysis via ATLAS. ti version 9 was performed. A total of 41 families and 33 PID patients completed the questionnaire (the first phase of the study). Respondents’ parents recorded a lower mean total score than those of normal healthy children (67.26±16.73 vs. 79.51±11.90, p = 0.001, respectively). PID patients reported lower mean total score to normal healthy children (73.68 ± 16.38 vs. 79.51 ± 11.90, p = 0.04), including psychosocial domain (71.67±16.82 vs. 77.58±12.63, p = 0.05), and school functioning, (63.94±20.87 vs. 80.00 ±14.40, p = 0.007).
Gene Expression, Biochemical And Functional Analysis Of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (Stim1) Silencing In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines
(2022-05)
Algariri, Eman Salem Saeed
A stromal interaction molecule (STIM1) was recently discovered to be a critical modulator of cell growth and survival in a variety of cancers. In contrast, the function of STIM1 in AML is still not properly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of STIM1 on the proliferation and survival of AML cell lines by employing a dicer-substrate siRNA (dsiRNA)-mediated silencing technique performed on two AML cell lines, namely THP-1 and Kasumi-1 cells. The expression profile of critical genes involved in proliferation, survival, and ROS production was analyzed through RTqPCR after STIM1 silencing. The intracellular calcium and ROS levels, cell proliferation, and colony formation were also measured after silencing of STIM1. The study findings revealed that STIM1 mRNA expression was higher in THP-1 cells compared to Kasumi- 1 cells. STIM1 silencing, at the mRNA and protein levels, was achieved in THP-1 cells using 10 nM dsiSTIM1 for 24 hours and 20 nM dsiSTIM1 for 48 hours in Kasumi-1 cells. STIM1 silencing resulted in down-regulation of KRAS, MAPK, C-MYC, Akt, NOX2 and PKC in both AML cells, whereas BAX was up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated only in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, STIM1 silencing resulted in a reduction in the intracellular calcium and ROS levels and inhibition of AML cell proliferation and colony formation in both AML cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that STIM1 might have a crucial role in promoting the proliferation and survival of AML cells.
Studies Of Capability, Stability, Toxicity And Bioefficacy Of Kenaf Based Cellulose Nanofiber As Larvicide Carrier For Mosquito Control
(2022-06)
Pengiran, Hazirah
Mosquito-borne diseases are increasing every year and causing million deaths worldwide. The diseases are transmitted from the bite of an infected mosquito. Thus, it requires effective control measures to reduce the transmission rate, and one of the control strategies is using larvicide such as temephos. Currently, the carrier materials used in the larvicide formulation raised environmental concerns due to their nonrenewable sources. The cellulose nanofiber from kenaf is seen as a sustainable replacement for larvicide carrier. The objectives of this study are to determine the capability of kenaf cellulose nanofiber (KCNF) to disperse and load temephos, the stability of KCNF impregnated with temephos (KCNF+T) in retaining temephos, the acute systemic toxicity of KCNF and KNCF+T in mammals, the acute ecotoxicity of KCNF in the aquatic organisms and the bioefficacy of KCNF+T as a larvicide carrier against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The capability of KCNF to disperse is determined using the method adopted from OECD TG 318 and loading capability is evaluated using various water volume loaded on the dry KCNF. The amount of temephos impregnated on KCNF is quantified by HPLC analysis. KCNF is found to have high dispersion capability with more than 50 % dispersibility in six out of nine tested hydrochemical conditions and loading capability 6-fold of its mass. Amount of temephos impregnated on KCNF is found 1.94 % w/w reflecting 97 % impregnation efficacy.

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