Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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A Case Control Study To Determine The Association Of Blood Groups And Allergic Rhinitis
(2022-08)
Chai Hui Yi
The primary objective is to discover the association between ABO/rhesus blood groups and allergic rhinitis. Also, this study aimed to find out the association of demographic factors (gender and races) of patients and ABO blood groups.
A Five Year (2013-2017) Retrospective Study On The Data Of Laboratory Testing For Biocompatibility Of Medical Device Implant Registered With Malaysia Medical Device Authority
(2021-11)
Sunthara Murthi A/L Anamalai
The study focused on the implantable medical devices which require most number of biocompatibility data. Data collection form reflecting the MeDC@St data entry pages is prepared to manually retrieve the deposited information for registration between July 2013 to December 2017, amounting to 1925 registration with some exceeds 100 pages content per registration.
Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of Ruthana Date Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera)
(2023-03)
Faris, Alsarayrah Nosiba Atallah
Ruthana date fruit, one of the finest types of dates, contains various nutrients and phytochemical compounds important for human health. Therefore, it is important to highlight the analysis of the medicinal value of these fruits in studies related to clinical nutrition. In this study, phenols, and flavonoid contents of date fruit methanolic extract (DFME) were measured due to their importance in inhibiting activities of free radicals. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by several analytical methods, which include 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS+), and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay (NO). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of DFME were studied in vitro using albumin denaturation, and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The results showed that DFME contains a high value of polyphenol compounds.
Analysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach
(2023-05)
Iqbal Iman Bin Ruzi
The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
Anion Exchanger 1 Gene (AE1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis Among Malays With Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (DRTA) And Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO)
(2018-08)
Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) encoding the erythroid and kidney isoforms of AE1 protein is located on chromosome 17. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized as its inability to acidify urine pH caused by AE1 polymorphisms. Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary red blood cell abnormality caused by 27bp deletions in AE1. dRTA and SAO is highly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries. Polymorphism in AE1 is known to cause both SAO and dRTA associated with 27bp deletions which is still unclear.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicle In Rat Model Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(2022-01)
Noridzzaida Binti Ridzuan
This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) derived EV in a rat model of COPD. Human UC-MSC-EV were isolated and characterized by using transmission electron microscope, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis
Antiproliferative And Apoptosis Effects Of Clinacanthus Nutans Leaf Extract On Breast Cancer Cell (Mcf7)
(2023-02)
Noor Zafirah Binti Ismail
The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of C. nutans leaf extract on the breast cancer cell line, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7).
Application Of Green Silicone Surfactant In Microextraction Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Food Samples
(2022-02)
Vasagee Elencovan
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphate chemicals that have been extensively applied in field crops to get rid of pests and insects. The repeated consumption of OPPs in agriculture, lead to their presence at trace quantity in food products and thus, there is a growing demand for the identification and quantification of OPPs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of a novel green nonionic silicone surfactant (SS) in the development of various extraction techniques for the determination of OPPs in food samples. Firstly, the SS has been explored as an emulsifier in vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SS-VALLME) for the determination of OPPs in food samples with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SS facilitates the emulsification of extraction solvent into the aqueous matrix solution thus enhancing the partitioning of target OPPs into the extraction phase. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of the proposed method were in the range of 0.008 − 0.1 μgL-1 while good determination coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9989 to 0.9994 were obtained. Application of the developed method gave acceptable relative recovery of OPPs (80 − 118%) from food samples. Next, the green SS was further explored by combining with dodecanoic acid (DoAc) to produce deep eutectic solvent (DES) in which the SS acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while the DoAc acts as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The newly synthesized SS:DoAc based DES was applied in VALLME as an emulsifier.
Association Analysis Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of Opioid Dependence Genes Among Malay Males In Malaysia
(2018-09)
Nagaya, Devaki
Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder is associated with genetics. There are many studies have been reported the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with drug dependence and among those, twelve (12) candidate genes that were associated with drug dependence will be. investigated in this study. The candidate genes are OPRD1 (Delta Opioid Receptor), OPR.K1 (Kappa Opioid Receptor), COMT (Catechol — O-Methyltransferase gene), PDYN (Prodynorphin), DRD4 (Dopamine receptor D4), ABCB1(P glycoprotein), DUSP (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 27) and rs 10494334. The goal of this study was to determine the frequencies of these SNPs rsl042114, rs702764, rs 199774, rs 1022563, rs910080, rs737866, rs 10494334, rsl800955, rsl 128503, rsl045642, and rs2032582 and to study their association with opioid dependence in Malay males in Malaysian population.
Biocompatibility And Toxicity Studies On Heterogeneous Tio2-Zno Polymer Nanocomposite With Enhanced Bacterial Activity
(2022-07)
Nor Hazliana Harun
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major safety concern globally as they contribute to mortality rates amongst patients due to pathogens from direct contact with a contaminated biomedical polymer surface from the indwelling or implanted medical devices. Polymer nanocomposites have become a promising solution for HAIs owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals’ mode of action. In the first section, this work revealed the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potentials of TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite films against HAI pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and non-MDR strains. In the second section, the initial analysis of the in vitro bio-interaction responses on fibroblast and blood cell line models showed signs of cell membrane integrity disturbance, which might be due to free radicals’ activities, such as the release of intracellular ROS and Zn ions (Zn2+) during the initial cellular adaptation process on the TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite film. Molecular studies revealed that the cell–polymer nanocomposite film interaction possibly triggered the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mechanisms through the principal cascades of Nuclear Factor-κB. Further analysis found that cells could maintain the viability and clonogenic potential and were involved in the anti-apoptosis pathway. Findings suggested the transitory oxidative stress responses of polymer nanocomposite films towards treated cells and not harmful to the cells.
Class Iii Skeletal Base In Malay Population: Characterisation Of Skeletal Phenotypes And Association With Familial Inheritance
(2023-03)
Ran, Arron Lim Yan
Class III skeletal discrepancy results from the disproportionate growth of the maxilla and mandible. Dentofacial skeletal features vary significantly between different ethnicities and Class III malocclusions, which are difficult to treat, were highly prevalent in Malaysians compared to other races. In the Malay population, the skeletal phenotypes of Class III skeletal base have never been investigated. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to investigate and characterise the different Class III skeletal phenotypes in a racially homogenous adult Malay population and determine their association with familial inheritance. This study also sought to determine the prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III skeletal base among Malay patients attending the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) orthodontic clinic, determine the precursor for genetic analysis using multivariate reduction method and ascertain the proportion of familial occurrence of Class III skeletal base.
Comparison Of Analgesic Effect Of Subcutaneous Bupivacaine Infiltration And Intravenous Diclofenac Vs. Intravenous Diclofenac Alone In Inguinal Hernioplasty: A Retrospective, Single Centre Study In Gaza
(2023-10)
S Alijla, Said S
Postoperative pain is a significant problem encountered by patients after a surgical intervention, and there is a crucial need for effective postoperative pain control. Studies showed that multimodal analgesia and wound infiltration are effective ways to reduce this pain and have a substantial role in the reduction of postoperative medications requirement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous infiltration of bupivacaine hydrochloride and intravenous diclofenac as postoperative pain relief in adults undergoing inguinal hernia repair. A single-centre retrospective case-control study included 104 patients aged 18-65 undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair at the selected hospital. The patients were in two groups of 52 each. Group A received 75 mg dose of IV diclofenac plus a subcutaneous injection of 10 mL of bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) 0.5% while Group B only received the IV diclofenac alone. The postoperative pain was assessed at one, two, three, six, and 12 hrs after the operation using the visual analog scale (VAS), which exhibited a range of pain from zero (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain). Of a total of 104 patients, 92% of patients were male. The mean age was 36 ± 11 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22 ± 3 kg/m2. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class I was statistically insignificant between both groups (90.4% versus 84.6%).
Development And Validation Of Online Preconcentration Capillary Electrophoresis Methods For The Determination Of Selected Pharmaceutical Compounds In Aqueous Matrices
(2022-01)
Semail, Nadhiratul-Farihin
In this study, several preconcentration strategies in capillary electrophoresis (CE) were developed to improve the sensitivity of detection of pharmaceutical compound in real aqueous matrices. This is due to the core challenge to develop simple and sensitive analytical method for trace analysis study of selected analytes (anticancer, antibiotic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are very limited. Higher interference level from complex matrix (biological, food and water) with analytical instrument poor detection capability directed to development of online preconcentration technique. The first technique termed sequential injection mode stacking was developed for the separation and determination of anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its metabolite namely, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FdUrd) in human plasma obtained from cancer patients. In this technique, large sample volume was introduced through electrokinetic injection followed by hydrodynamic injection. Under the optimized experimental conditions, 614- and 643- fold and 782- and 803- fold sensitivity improvement was obtained for both 5-FU and its metabolite when compared with normal hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection alone, respectively.
Development Of Amino-functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanocomposite For The Magnetic Solid-phase Extraction Of Β-lactam Antibiotics In Milk
(2023-08)
Halim, Wan Ibrahim Thani Abd
This study describes a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized magnetic silica nanocomposites (MSN) for the determination of four β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) namely oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), and nafcillin (NAF) in milk samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The chemical structure and surface morphology of APTES-MSN were analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Several essential parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied, such as sample pH, amount of sorbent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, volume of desorption solvent, volume of sample, and salt addition. The developed APTES-MSN-MSPE method provided good linearity range from 5 to 500 μg L-1 for OXA, CLO, DIC, and NAF with good coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9987 - 0.9998), low limits of detection (0.26 -1.00 μg L-1), acceptable RSD% (n = 3) (1.59% – 5.00%) and satisfactory relative recoveries (93.43% – 113.42%). The APTES-MSN- MSPE combined with HPLC-DAD was successfully employed for the analysis of targeted BLAs in 15 selected milk samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 4 samples.
Development Of An Automatic Calculation Method For Ct Dose Estimation Based On Individual Specific Size In Paediatric Population
(2022-05)
Abdulkadir, Muhammad Kabir
The current dose estimation based on CTDIvol in paediatric CT leads to significant inaccuracies in dose estimation due to inadequate size consideration. Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) was employed to correct the effect resulting from the use of current CT protocols and minimise the radiation dose that been delivered more than double the intended dose to paediatric. This study aims to evaluate the current paediatric CT protocols and associated dose received by paediatric from CT scans. This study also aims to develop an automatic calculator using MATLAB algorithm for accurate patient size measurement and SSDE calculation. A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate CT protocols and associated dose (CTDIvol), patient size (manual measured Deff and Dw) and SSDE of paediatric patients undergoing head and abdomen CT scans. An automated calculation algorithm was developed on MATLAB platform for patient size measurement (Deff) and SSDE calculation. Numerical data analysed were scan parameters, estimated doses (CTDIvol and SSDE), manual and automated Deff estimates of patient size. Scan parameters and dose (CTDIvol) were compared with diagnostic reference ranges (DRLs) while automated SSDE calculator was validated with the manual size measurement and SSDE calculation. Local diagnostic reference ranges and patient size distribution were derived. The results showed a disparity of 7 to 51% between CTDIvol and SSDE. Automated calculator yields accurate measured size and calculated SSDE with an estimation error of less than 2%.
Development Of An Enzyme-Linked Aptasorbant Assay In Detecting Dengue Virus 2 Ns1 Biomarker
(2022-09)
Thevendran A/L Ramesh
Dengue is an alarming threat to both the health and economy of multiple nations worldwide. However, the current approaches used in the diagnostic application of dengue virus infections are limited to antibodies-based techniques which concurrently possess several disadvantages. Aptamers are a class of folded nucleic acid strands capable of binding to different cognate target molecules with high affinity and selectivity. Aptamers alleviate the drawbacks of antibodies by facilitating as cost-effective and efficient analytical tools in identifying dengue infections.
Development Of Antibacterial Chitosan-Based Wound Dressing Incorporated With Zno/Cuo Nanoparticles Using Calotropis Gigantea
(2023-06)
G Ambarasan A/L Govindasamy
In this work, ZnO/CuO nanocomposites incorporated in chitosan (Cs) based biopolymer were studied for physicochemical, antibacterial, cytocompatibility and wound healing profiles. This ZnO/CuO-Cs nanocomposites were obtained by freeze-thawing process and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, FTIR, AAS, ICP and UV-vis spectroscopy.
Development Of Cisplatin Delivery Nanosystem With Chitosan-coated Titania Nanotube Arrays Platform Targeting For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
(2022-06)
Effendy, Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis
Present chemodrug treatment for advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) via cisplatin (CDDP) have limitations such as non-specific biodistribution, dose-limiting toxicities, the emergence of resistant cancer cells and various side effects. Targeted and controlled release of CDDP delivery using titania nanotube arrays (TNA) smart nanosystem may offer a new approach to improve those limitations. TNA was fabricated, characterised, and optimised by electrochemical anodisation for CDDP loading in this study. The CDDP-loaded TNA (CDDP-TNA) encapsulation efficiency was studied using two methods: top-filling and immersion methods. The characterisation was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, ion-coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and wettability test. Biopolymer chitosan-coated CDDP- TNAs were optimised in terms of concentrations of acetic acid for 10 mg/mL chitosan preparation, coating methods, number of coating layers, and biocompatibility of chitosan coating layers. The CDDP release activities from chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA were further investigated in various phosphate buffer saline immersion systems with different pH values, simulated body fluid, and targeted NPC in vitro system. Further intracellular observation was performed using fluorescence microscopy.
Development Of Lead-free Tungsten Carbide-based Polymeric Bricks As Gamma Radiation Shielding
(2022-06)
Abualroos, Nadin J D
Lead bricks are the most widely used form of gamma ray shields in diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine departments. However, lead is heavy, toxic, and dangerous to human health. Polymer-based radiation shields can be utilised in radiation shielding field due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, ease of fabrication, low manufacturing costs, and toughness. Also, their radiation shielding properties can be improved by using high atomic number fillers. The purpose of this research was to develop a lead-free tungsten carbide-based polymeric bricks as gamma radiation shielding. The fabrication of tungsten carbide-based polymeric composites involved mixing tungsten carbide powder and tungsten carbide cobalt powder with epoxy resin at different weight percentages (60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90) of fillers. Also, addition of bismuth oxide and barium sulphate powder to tungsten carbide-based epoxy matrix were studied. The physical, morphological, chemical, mechanical, and photon shielding properties were investigated for all the fabricated composites. The most optimum powder epoxy combination among all samples were 85 and 90 weight percentage of fillers. The microstructural analysis indicated that the fillers distributed uniformly within the epoxy matrix. Some agglomerations were observed for composites having more than 75 wt% of filler. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the chemical properties of the fabricated composites. FTIR absorption spectrum of each sample analysed in the range of 600-4000 cm-1. The results obtained did not show any spectral change for all samples.
Dual-Thresholding Based Sinogram Interpolation To Reduce Metal Artefact In Computed Tomography Imaging
(2021-12)
Nurul Fathin Binti Mohamad Sobri
Metal artefacts can degrade the image quality of computed tomography (CT) images which lead to difficulties and errors in diagnostic analysis. Metal artefacts appear as bright and dark streaks around the metal object. It is caused by beam hardening effects, photons starvation, non-linear partial volume, photon scatter, undersampling and inappropriate correction algorithm during reconstruction of image. The aim of this study is to improve the sinogram interpolation technique for metal artefacts reduction (MAR) in CT images.

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