Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

Browse

Browsing Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis by Title

Now showing 1 - 20 of 204
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    A Case Control Study To Determine The Association Of Blood Groups And Allergic Rhinitis
    (2022-08)
    Chai Hui Yi
    The primary objective is to discover the association between ABO/rhesus blood groups and allergic rhinitis. Also, this study aimed to find out the association of demographic factors (gender and races) of patients and ABO blood groups.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    A Comparative Study Of Assessing Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction By Two Dimensional Echocardiography With REST Gated Blood Pool Ventriculography Using Conventional Sodium Iodide And Cadmium Zinc Telluride Cameras
    (2020-11)
    V. G. Kumar Das, Gouri
    Aim: To validate and compare the correlation and agreement between two- dimensional (2D) echocardiography and Rest Gated Blood Pool Ventriculography (GBPV) using both planar sodium iodide (Nal) and cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) cameras to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methodology: A total of 109 breast cancer patients, both receiving (84) and scheduled to receive (25) cardiotoxic cancer treatment, underwent 2D-echocardiography, followed by GBPV using both planar Nal and CZT cameras on the same day at the Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine Department of Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru respectively. For the CZT camera, both automatic and manual processing methods were applied, yielding a total of four different methods for the LVEF analysis in this study. Results: Data from the 109 patients showed the highest mean LVEF was 70.1 ± 10.7%, for CZT manual-processing, and lowest for planar camera with a mean of 58.8 ± 10.0%. The mean LVEF for 2D-echocardiogram and CZT auto-processing were respectively 61.8± 6.1% and 64.3 ± 11.3%. LVEF values were significantly higher for CZT manual-processing compared to planar camera, CZT auto-processing and 2D-echocardiography (p < 0.05). No significant difference in mean LVEF was noted when comparing 2D-echocardiography with CZT auto-processing (p = 0.24) and planar camera (p = 0.10). The mean LVEF derived from CZT auto-processing was also significantly higher than that from planar camera (p < 0.05). Although there was significant correlation (p < 0.01) among all four methods, the correlation strengths were varied. Moderate correlation was seen between 2D-echocardiogram and other modalities: Nal camera (r = 0.56); CZT automatic (r = 0.54); CZT manual (r = 0.56). Strong correlation was registered between planar and CZT (r = 0.71 and 0.72, respectively for manual- and auto-processing). The strongest correlation was between the automatic- and manual-processing methods of CZT (r = 0.94). The Bland-Altman limits of agreement among the three scans were wide and suboptimal. The widest limits were -21.1 to +16.2 (37%) between 2D echocardiography and CZT auto-processing. Good agreement was seen between the auto- and manual-processing methods for CZT camera with a limit agreement of -2.0 to +13.5 (15%). Conclusion: Although there is significant correlation between the four methods of measurement of LVEF, the correlation strength is only moderate between 2D-echocardiography and GBPV using the planar Nal and CZT cameras. All three scans showed suboptimal limits of agreement between them and hence should not be used interchangeably. Any one of the modalities can be used to measure LVEF based on local availability; however, the same method of measurement is advised for serial scans.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    A Five Year (2013-2017) Retrospective Study On The Data Of Laboratory Testing For Biocompatibility Of Medical Device Implant Registered With Malaysia Medical Device Authority
    (2021-11)
    Sunthara Murthi A/L Anamalai
    The study focused on the implantable medical devices which require most number of biocompatibility data. Data collection form reflecting the MeDC@St data entry pages is prepared to manually retrieve the deposited information for registration between July 2013 to December 2017, amounting to 1925 registration with some exceeds 100 pages content per registration.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    A Systematic Review Of Targeted Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles For Cancer Theraрy
    (2018)
    Mohd Azlan, Nur Hazirah
    Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) provides promising application as targeted cancer therapeutics. Further understanding on the toxicity guidelines and ideal physiochemical properties are crucial for efficient clinical application. This study provides an updated review on nano-TiO2 as nanotherapeutics focusing on the modification of physiochemical properties, potential routes of administration, biodistribution, clearance and toxicity profile. The review conducted is based on PRISMA-P protocol. It began with literature searching from selected databases; PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct and general search engine Google Scholar based on the pre-determined keywords (titanium dioxide nanoparticles, targeted drug delivery, targeted cancer therapy, surface modification, delivery route, route of administration).The search generated 873 manuscripts. We included all pre-clinical and clinical studies, original and in-press articles published within the past 6 years (2013 till 2018). Studies involving usage of organic nanoparticles, and those in predatory or blacklisted journals were excluded. Selected studies underwent thorough appraisal yielded 61 articles that answered the research questions and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results suggested that nano-TiO2 can be considered an ideal candidate for cancer nanotherapuetics. Surface modification of nano-TiO2 with different ligands enhanced the treatment efficacy and minimize the adverse effects that current cancer treatment might cause. Delivery of nanoTiO2 in human as targeted cancer therapy through different routes seems promising and require further exploration and research on this issue. Review summarized that,biodistribution, cleranace and toxicity risk of nano-TiO2 can be tackeld by modulating their physio-chemical properties. Future studies should be directed towards discovering actual potential of nano-TiO2 for cancer therapeutics which may indeed encourage its clinical application in near future.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Accuracy Of 131i Activity Quantification And Dosimetry In Thyroid Phantom Using 3d-image Based Spect/CT
    (2021)
    Mohd Yahya, Mohd Hizwan
    Quantitative imaging gives a better understanding of the distribution of radioactivity that can be used in the estimation of absorbed dose in the specific target organ. The goal of this study was to obtain the accuracy of 131I activity quantification and dosimetry in thyroid uptake phantom using 3-dimensional (3D) SPECT/CT imaging. In this study, a series of SPECT/CT acquisitions of the thyroid uptake was performed. Images of different voxel sizes 64, 128, and 256 with several iterations numbers were reconstructed using ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OSEM). The quantification of the activity in the phantom was determined using a Medical Image Data Examiner (AMIDE) software based on the mean, maximum, 0.7 maximum and 0.6 maximum value. The cumulated activity in the phantom was determined by the calculating area under the curve (AUC) in the time-activity curve. The results showed that the mean value of 128 and 256 voxel show a better result with the error obtained between 4.1% and 18.2% whereas for the maximum value, it gives an overestimate count with the error up to 78%. The cumulated activity derived from SPECT/CT showed an error margin of 15%. The dosimetry result of organ absorbed dose using 3D imaged based dosimetry was approximately 16.1% lower than the absorbed dose measure using Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeter. This research shows that the 3D image based SPECT/CT with good quantification accuracy capable of estimating organ absorbed dose in131I therapy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Added Value Of 99mtc-sestamibi Spect/CT Over Dual Phase Planar Scintigraphy In Patients With Hyperparathyroidism In Hospital Pulau Pinang
    (2023-05)
    Adnan, Akmal Asyiqien
    Purpose: This study aims to investigate the added value of 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT and SPECT/CT for pre-operative localisation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. Methods: Retrospective data analysis was performed on 22 eligible patients with biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism who underwent 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT from 1st September 2019 to 31st March 2021 in Hospital Pulau Pinang and had a histopathological diagnosis of surgically excised lesions. The imaging findings were compared to histopathological examination as reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated according to standard formulas. Agreement of diagnostic performance between planar, SPECT and SPECT/CT was analysed by Fleiss kappa test. Results: Sensitivity, PPV, and NPV were the highest in SPECT/CT; 100%, 90.4% and 100% respectively, followed by SPECT (sensitivity 89.5%, PPV 89.5% and NPV 33.3%) and the lowest in planar (sensitivity 84.2%, PPV 88.8% and NPV 25.0%). All imaging techniques showed the same specificity (33.3%). Fleiss’ kappa analysis showed that there was a moderate overall agreement of diagnostic performance between planar, planar with SPECT and planar with SPECT/CT, κ=0.573 (95% CI, 0.332 to 0.815), p < 0.001. Conclusion: SPECT and SPECT/CT have significant incremental diagnostic value over planar scintigraphy in the pre-operative localisation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, particularly in posteriorly located glands. SPECT/CT has also shown additional benefit in cases with slow thyroidal washout and especially crucial for surgical planning.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Adverse Effects During Dipyridamole Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (Mpi) And Its Association With ECG Findings And Scintigraphy Outcomes In Hospital Kuala Lumpur (Hkl)
    (2020)
    Zulkapli, Zuffazarina
    Introduction: Dipyridamole is an indirect coronary artery vasodilator which is one of the drugs used in pharmacological stress test during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). It has many adverse effects which could be or could not be related to the diseased myocardium. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of dipyridamole and its correlation with ECG and myocardial perfusion imaging findings. Methods: This prospective study includes 363 patients who have undergone dipyridamole myocardial perfusion stress imaging. Dipyridamole adverse effects were documented. ECG changes were recorded. Stress and rest myocardial perfusion imaging were done as per protocol. Results: A total of 363 patients with mean age of 59.8 (+11.10) were analysed. 251 patients (69.1%) demonstrated some forms of adverse effects. The most prevalent of these adverse effects was headache (32.8%) followed by chest pain and abdominal pain (24.6% and 23.5% respectively). However, only chest pain showed significant statistical value with both abnormal ECG and MPI findings (p <0.05). Conclusion: Sixty-nine percent of the patients experience adverse effects during dipyridamole myocardial perfusion stress imaging. Among all adverse effects, only chest pain is significantly related to ECG changes and abnormal MPI findings.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Anaemia And Red Blood Cell Transfusion Among Breast Cancer Patients At Tertiary Centres In Kelantan
    (2022-05)
    Ramli, Nur Akuna
    Pengenalan: Anemia semasa kemoterapi adalah salah satu beban bagi pesakit kanser. Namun, data yang sedia ada mengenai prevalensi anemia serta rawatan untuk anemia seperti transfusi darah sering berbeza. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti prevalensi anemia dan praktis transfusi darah di kalangan pesakit kanser payudara serta menentukan faktor penyebab anemia akibat kemoterapi. Kaedah: Kajian kohort retrospektif ini dilakukan di Kelantan melibatkan 104 pesakit kanser payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi. Chi-square digunakan untuk perbandingan antara kumpulan yang mendapat anemia akibat kemoterapi atau tidak berdasarkan demografik pesakit, kriteria klinikal dan rawatan kanser payudara. Simple dan multiple logistic regression digunakan untuk menentukan hasil yang berkaitan. Keputusan: Sebelum menjalani rawatan kemoterapi, 40.4% pesakit mempunyai anemia. Terdapat 30.8% telah menerima transfusi darah merah semasa kemoterapi dengan purata hemoglobin sebelum transfusi darah ialah 7.9 g/dL. Anemia akibat kemoterapi direkodkan sebanyak 54.8%. Waiau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan signifikan dicatatkan berkenaan anemia akibat kemoterapi dari segi demografik pesakit, data klinikal dan rawatan kanser payudara. Kesimpulan: Peratusan anemia yang tinggi dicatatkan di kalangan pesakit kanser payudara yang meningkat selepas menjalani kemoterapi. Lebih kurang 1/3 daripada pesakit memerlukan transfusi darah merah. Penilaian awal mengenai pesakit yang berisiko untuk anemia dengan penggunaan erythropoietin dan iron boleh mengurangkan prevalensi anemia akibat kemoterapi. Mengoptimumkan rawatan untuk anemia adalah penting, seterusnya meminimumkan akibat buruk dan membantu pesakit.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of Ruthana Date Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera)
    (2023-03)
    Faris, Alsarayrah Nosiba Atallah
    Ruthana date fruit, one of the finest types of dates, contains various nutrients and phytochemical compounds important for human health. Therefore, it is important to highlight the analysis of the medicinal value of these fruits in studies related to clinical nutrition. In this study, phenols, and flavonoid contents of date fruit methanolic extract (DFME) were measured due to their importance in inhibiting activities of free radicals. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by several analytical methods, which include 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS+), and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay (NO). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of DFME were studied in vitro using albumin denaturation, and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The results showed that DFME contains a high value of polyphenol compounds.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Analysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach
    (2023-05)
    Iqbal Iman Bin Ruzi
    The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Analysis Of The Effects Of Microrna-130a Suppression On The Proliferation And Characteristics Of Cancer Stem Cells In The Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
    (2025-05)
    Yiadom, Osei George
    Colorectal cancer (crc) is a significant global health burden. Growing evidence highlights the role of cancer stem cells (cscs) in mediating treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as crucial regulators in cancer biology, with mir-130a demonstrating a multifaceted impact. This study therefore explores the expression and functional significance of mir-130a-3p (herein referred to as mir-130a) within crc, with a particular emphasis on its potential association with cscs. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) analysis revealed significantly higher mir-130a levels in crc cell lines (ht-29, hct 116, and caco-2) compared to normal colon epithelial cells (ncm460). This finding was corroborated by the cancer genome atlas (tcga) data, showing mir-130a overexpression in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma tissues compared to healthy controls. Tcga data analysis also indicated weak inverse correlations between mir-130a expression and established stemness markers (epcam, bmi1, cd44, and prom1), suggesting a possible suppressive effect of mir-130a on cscs. To determine mir-130a's functional role, its expression was suppressed in ht-29 cells using lenticrisprv2 plasmids.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Anion Exchanger 1 Gene (AE1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis Among Malays With Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (DRTA) And Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO)
    (2018-08)
    Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) encoding the erythroid and kidney isoforms of AE1 protein is located on chromosome 17. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized as its inability to acidify urine pH caused by AE1 polymorphisms. Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary red blood cell abnormality caused by 27bp deletions in AE1. dRTA and SAO is highly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries. Polymorphism in AE1 is known to cause both SAO and dRTA associated with 27bp deletions which is still unclear.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Anti-angiogenic Properties Of Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review
    (2018)
    Salem Brhaish, Ali Saeed
    Introduction: Angiogenesis develops new blood vessels from the old ones, and this process is controlled by balancing the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. The domination of angiogenic leads to pathological angiogenesis that causes diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and cancer. Anti-angiogenesis therapy targets angiogenesis to treat these diseases. Hence, nanoparticles appear to be one of the most promising agents that offer efficacy in therapy. The objective of this research is to review systematically studies that have probed into the effect of nanoparticles on angiogenesis. Methodology: The literature was searched electronically (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and Springer) to identify as many relevant articles as possible for the topic at hand, which is the effect of nanoparticles on angiogenic. The inclusion criteria, such as articles published in the English language during the period from January 2008 until January 2018, were strictly adhered to. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) (nanoparticles) and anti-angiogenesis or angiogenesis were used to extract articles from PubMed and Medline, while search terms or keywords of the title had been applied to retrieve more journals and articles from other databases. Additionally, references that were cited in the initial search were sought to identify more potential articles. Next, articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria and those duplicate were discarded. Results: Out of the 218 articles obtained from the literature search, only 22 seemed to conform to the inclusion criteria. The spherical shape is the most common shape employed to investigate the role of nanoparticles in angiogenesis therapy. The size of nanoparticles appears to play a crucial role for efficacy on angiogenesis, in which 20 nm emerged as the preferred size. Gold nanoparticle exhibit the most promising type as an anti-angiogenesis agent. The nanoparticles were active for both in vitro and in vivo models. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is safer than chemical synthesis. The toxicity was adjustable based on the dosages applied. Conclusion: Nanoparticles are a promising treatment for angiogenesis-related diseases. Nanoparticles inhibit angiogenesis in different pathways. Size and shape play a role in the anti-angiogenesis effects of nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticle exhibit higher anti-angiogenesis properties.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Anti-cancer And Anti-angiogenic Activities Of Natural Compound Zerumbone From Zingiber Zerumbet - A Systematic Review
    (2019)
    Elfagie, Rehab M. H.
    Significant number ofliterature has demonstrated the anti proliferative effect of Zerumbone and its role as anti-angiogenesis. The aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of Zerumbone and the role of its antiangiogenic properties in treating cancer. Relevant articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles chosen for this systematic review were between January 2008 and December 2018. Relevant articles were identified through an extensive search in Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. The literature searches of the electronic databases combined the following key words: anti-angiogenic, anticancer, Zerumbone and Zingiber zerumbet. Studies chosen for this review includes the following designs in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. The initial literature search obtained a total of 352 related records and the final number of studies that met the inclusion criteria in the current review was 43 studies. In vitro studies was the commonest study design. Evidently, Zerumbone demonstrate a potential antiproliferative and antiangiogenic. The anti proliferative activities of Zerumbone was shown to induce by different signalling pathway.Zerumbone through its antiangiogenic effect play a great role in reducing invasion and metastasis. Some selected studies on Zerumbone were found to plague with limitation such as lack of toxic threshold value which may be needed for the clinical trials on this compound.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicle In Rat Model Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    (2022-01)
    Ridzuan Noridzzaida
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive airflow obstruction associated with chronic inflammation. The current treatment strategies are focusing on improving the symptoms and quality of life but do not provide cure for the underlying caused. Recently mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) is actively being investigated as a potential source of new cell-free based therapy for COPD due to it’s ability to ameliorate inflammation, however no research has been conducted to study the anti-inflammatory effects of MSC-EV in COPD model.Thus, this study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) derived EV in a rat model of COPD. Human UC-MSC-EV were isolated and characterized by using transmission electron microscope, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Male sprague dawley rats (n=66) age 8-9 weeks were divided into 11 groups; Naïve, Cigarette Smoke (CS), Self-healing (SH), treatment groups (CS-hUC-MSC-EV, CS-hUC-MSC, CS-hUC-MSC-CM), vehicle groups (culture media alone (MD), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)), and control (C) group (C-hUC-MSC-EV, C-hUC-MSC, and C-hUC-MSC-conditioned media (CM)). Five groups (CS, SH, CS-hUC-MSC, CS-hUC-MSC-EV, and CS-hUC-MSC-CM) were exposed to CS from 3 cigarettes for approximately 15 minutes per session, 2 times a day at 2 hours interval, 7 days a week, for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, Naïve, and control groups were left to breathe normal air. The treatments (hUC-MSC, hUC-MSC-EV, and hUC-MSC-CM) and PBS and MD were administered at week 13. Naïve and injury group were euthanized at week 13, while treatment groups, vehicle groups, and self-healing group were euthanized at week 15. Lungs from all groups were then subjected to histological analysis by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, immunofluorescence staining, and microarray analysis. Increased lymphocytes count, inflammation in peribronchial and perivascular area, as well as parenchyma area, increased goblet cells count, increased emphysema, and increased p65 expression were observed in CS group as compared to Naïve group.Self-healing for two weeks did not reduce the inflammation in peribronchial and perivascular area, as well as parenchyma area. Self-healing for two weeks also did not reduce goblet cells count, emphysema, and p65 expression. In treatment groups, reduction of inflammation in peribronchial and perivascular area, as well as parenchyma area, reduced goblet cells count, and emphysema, reduced p65 expression were observed as compared to CS and SH groups. Meanwhile, the treatments did not induce inflammation or increased goblet cells count, and did not induced emphysema in rat exposed to normal air. Microarray analysis showed regulation of COPD related pathways and genes in CS, hUC-MSC-EV, hUC-MSC groups. hUC-MSC-EV, and hUC-MSC significantly regulating many genes expression including NFKB1, MAPK1, MAP2K1, JUN, PRKCZ, and P65. In conclusion, hUC-MSC-EV effectively ameliorating the CS induced inflammation and could potentially serve as a new cell-free based therapy for the treatment of COPD.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicle In Rat Model Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    (2022-01)
    Noridzzaida Binti Ridzuan
    This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) derived EV in a rat model of COPD. Human UC-MSC-EV were isolated and characterized by using transmission electron microscope, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Antiproliferative And Apoptosis Effects Of Clinacanthus Nutans Leaf Extract On Breast Cancer Cell (Mcf7)
    (2023-02)
    Noor Zafirah Binti Ismail
    The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of C. nutans leaf extract on the breast cancer cell line, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Application Of Green Silicone Surfactant In Microextraction Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Food Samples
    (2022-02)
    Vasagee Elencovan
    Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphate chemicals that have been extensively applied in field crops to get rid of pests and insects. The repeated consumption of OPPs in agriculture, lead to their presence at trace quantity in food products and thus, there is a growing demand for the identification and quantification of OPPs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of a novel green nonionic silicone surfactant (SS) in the development of various extraction techniques for the determination of OPPs in food samples. Firstly, the SS has been explored as an emulsifier in vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SS-VALLME) for the determination of OPPs in food samples with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SS facilitates the emulsification of extraction solvent into the aqueous matrix solution thus enhancing the partitioning of target OPPs into the extraction phase. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of the proposed method were in the range of 0.008 − 0.1 μgL-1 while good determination coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9989 to 0.9994 were obtained. Application of the developed method gave acceptable relative recovery of OPPs (80 − 118%) from food samples. Next, the green SS was further explored by combining with dodecanoic acid (DoAc) to produce deep eutectic solvent (DES) in which the SS acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while the DoAc acts as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The newly synthesized SS:DoAc based DES was applied in VALLME as an emulsifier.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Assessing The Relationship Between Knowledge And Practices On Fall Prevention With The Occurrence Of Falls Among Elderly Residents In Nursing Homes Jinzhou, China
    (2025-09)
    Li, Muzheng
    Falls among older adults are a major public health concern due to their severe health consequences. Nevertheless, the specific context of nursing homes in China has received limited research attention. This study addresses gaps by determining the relationships between knowledge and practice on falls prevention(KOFP&POFP) and occurrence of falls among elderly residents in Chinese nursing homes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in nursing homes in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. A final sample size of 341 participants was calculated using OpenEpi software (version 3.01).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Association Analysis Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of Opioid Dependence Genes Among Malay Males In Malaysia
    (2018-09)
    Nagaya, Devaki
    Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder is associated with genetics. There are many studies have been reported the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with drug dependence and among those, twelve (12) candidate genes that were associated with drug dependence will be. investigated in this study. The candidate genes are OPRD1 (Delta Opioid Receptor), OPR.K1 (Kappa Opioid Receptor), COMT (Catechol — O-Methyltransferase gene), PDYN (Prodynorphin), DRD4 (Dopamine receptor D4), ABCB1(P glycoprotein), DUSP (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 27) and rs 10494334. The goal of this study was to determine the frequencies of these SNPs rsl042114, rs702764, rs 199774, rs 1022563, rs910080, rs737866, rs 10494334, rsl800955, rsl 128503, rsl045642, and rs2032582 and to study their association with opioid dependence in Malay males in Malaysian population.