Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat - Tesis

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The effects of sublethal doses of carbaryl on the biology of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fabr.)(Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Pyrrhocoridae
(1976)
Chung Gait Fee
The effects of sublethal doses of carbaryl on the biology of Oysdercus cingulatus (Fabr.) were investigated in the laboratory. The comparative toxicity of carbaryl against various life-stages of Q. cingulatus (Fabr.) as shown by L050 value was found to be first instar < second instar < third instar < fourth instar < adult male < fifth instar< adult female < gravid female, in increasing order.
Some Biochemical Aspects Of Tyrosine Aminotransferase (L-Tyrosine: 2-Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.5) (TAT) In The Stages Of Development Of Aedes Aegypti Linnaeus
(1976-04)
Chan Guat Lian
The variation of tyrosine-2-oxoglutarate amino-transferase (EC.2.6.1.5), TAT and soluble protein was charted throughout the postembryonic development and young adult growth of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus).•. A close correspondence between the enzyme activity and soluble protein content was observed during the immature stages of development. Peak transaminase activity was encountered in· the middle fourth larval instar followed by a decline in activity prior to pupation. At its maximum activity, the insect enzyme compared well with the adult rat liver enzyme in activity. The larval enzyme appeared to exhibit a diurnal rhythm of activity characterized by a steady increase in activity from 0600 hours to reach maximum activity at 24 hours.
Perkembangan Kaedah Kromatografi Bagi Penentuan Klorproguanil Dan Klorsikloguanil Di Dalam Plasma
(1990-12)
Mahmud, Latifah
Kaedah-kaedah kromatografi cecair dan gas yang baru telah dimajukan bagi penentuan klorproguanil dan metabolitnya, klorsikloguanil dalam plasma. Drug-drug berkenaan berserta proguanil sebagai piawai dalaman telah diekstrak daripada plasma melalui kaedah pengekstrakan fasa pepejal pada penjerap ODS (CIS) dengan dielusikan oleh metanol yang mengandungi 0.01 % dietilamina-asid asetik. Purata peratus pengembali bagi klorproguanil melalui pengekstrakan ini adalah (85 + 3.6) % dengan pekali ubahan 4.2 % manakala bagi klorsikloguanil pula adalah (60.2 ± 3.9) % dengan pekali ubahan 6.6%.
Immunological Reactivity Of Jird (Meriones Unguiculatus) To Infection
(1993-12)
Panasoponkul, Chotechuang
Filariasis is a chronic parasitic infection which is considerable public health and socioeconomic importance in many tropical and subtropical countries and remains a major health problem in many areas of the world. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the various immunoregulatory mechanisms elicited by different doses of subcutaneous infection with B. pahangi in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)
Mikotoksin Fusarium Nygamai Burgess & Trimboli, Penyebab Penyakit Besar Rabu Pada Padi
(1993-12)
Sazlina Binti Abdul Kader
Fusarium nygamai (kultur No. P27SRP) yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini, telah dipencil daripada batang padi yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit besar rabu di Bumbung Lima, Pulau Pinang. Kultur monokonidium F. nygamai diinokulasi pada beras steril dan dieram selama 1-4 minggu. Ekstrak mikotoksin kasar (EMK) yang dihasilkan oleh patogen setiap minggu dalam kultur beras tersebut dibioasai pada larva udang (Artemia salina).
Nilai Nutrisi Kek Isirong Kelapa Sawit (PKC) Dalam Makanan Pelet Untuk Ikan Tilapla
(2002-06)
Lim, Hong Aik
Tiga eksperimen berasingan telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek nilai nutrisi kek isirong kelapa sawit (PKC) dalam makanan pelet untuk ikan tilapia. Dalam Eksperimen I, keterhadaman nutrien dan ketersediaan asid amino PKC kepada ikan tilapia telah ditentukan berbanding dengan beberapa jenis bahan mentah. Diet ruj ukan dengan 40% protein kasar dan lima diet ujian yang mengandungi diet rujukan dan bahan mentah ujian dalam nisbah 70:30 telah dirumuskan. PKC telah menunjukkan keterhadaman protein ketara yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan serbuk kacang kelisa (WBM), dan keterhadaman jirim kering, protein dan tenaga yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan bahan-bahan mentah lain.
Strain Improvement Via Random Mutation For Glucoamylase Production By Aspergillus Niger Van Tieghem Through Solid State Fermentation
(2012-07)
Murugaiah, Hemalatha
Glucoamylase enzyme is widely utilized for conversion of starch into glucose during saccharification process. Aspergillus niger van Tieghem is commonly used for glucoamylase production in submerged cultivation system (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF). This research was carried out to enhance glucoamylase production by mutating A. niger van Tieghem using chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) via random mutation. Mutant ANC9 was identified as a potential mutant which produced, 1.9 and 1.6 fold higher glucoamylase activity towards cooked starch and raw starch respectively in SmF using cooked starch as substrate. Glucoamylase activity towards raw starch and cooked starch in SSF by mutant ANC9 were 44.81± 1.2 Ulg and 101.50 ±2.2 Ulg respectively compared to wild strain which was only able to produce 34.4±O.5 Ulg towards cooked starch and 79.1±2.2 Ulg towards raw starch.
Optimized Production Of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) And Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) By Cupriavidus Sp. Usmaa2-4 In A One-Stage Fermentation
(2013)
Nurhezreen Binti Md Iqbal
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic synthesized by microorganisms as intracellular energy and carbon reserved materials. P(3HB) homopolymer is stiff and brittle while P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer have properties ranging from crystalline to rubber-like materials which correlates with the changes in the 4HB monomer compositions. In addition, the degradation products of P(3HB-co-4HB) is non toxic and biocompatible to human body, as the degradation product of both monomers is a natural metabolite present in mammalian body.
Floristic Composition And Economic Valuation Of 2-Ha Plots Of Hill Forest In Langkawi
(2013-03)
Thesis
Floristic composition data are a valuable tool in sustainable forest and environmental management. A 2.0-ha permanent plot (200 m x 100 m) located between 300 and 750 m a.s.l. was each established at Gunung Matchingchang Forest Reserve (GMFR) and Gunung Raya Forest Reserve (GRFR) in Langkawi for the purpose of inventoring hill floral diversity. The research sites comprised of two 2.0-ha plots each of which was located in GMFR and GRFR and was further divided into fifty 20 m x 20 m subplots. In GM_FR and GRFR, there were a total of 12,530 trees and 7,967 trees respectively. All trees with abundant species, family, diameter breast height (DBH), total biomass (TB) and stumpage value were identified, assessed and recorded. The largest species in GMFR was recorded by Hydnocarpus filipes (Flacoutiaceae) with as many as 2,591 individuals. In GRFR, Diospyros ismailii (Ebenaceae) recorded the highest number with 799 individuals.
Displaying Of Green Fluorescent Protein On A Recombinant Bacteriophage Infecting Escherichia Coll Atcc 11303
(2017-03)
Ong, Jia Wei
Phage display technology allows the presentation of foreign peptides on the surface of a bacteriophage. Phage display technology is used to acquire the function of the displayed peptides which was not present on wild type bacteriophage. Using phage display technology, a recombinant phage would be constructed as a model for future manipulation. The technology was applied to display a green fluorescence protein (GFP) on tail protein of Escherichia Phage YD-2008.S to create GFP labelled recombinant bacteriophage.
Production, Purification And Characterization Of Poly(3- Hydroxybutyrate) P(3hb) Depolymerase Enzyme From Burkholderia Cepacia Dpi
(2017-04)
Azami, Nor Azura
The biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by microbial and enzymatic methods attracts much attention since the ranges of potential applications of PHAs grow wider. However, there are limited reports on the isolation of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate) P(3HB)-degrading bacteria and detail study on the production of P(3HB) depolymerase enzyme by microorganisms from Malaysian environments.
Relationship Of Oil Palm Inflorescence And Evaluation Of Several Insecticides On Tirathaba Mundella Walker Lepidoptera Pyralidae And Elaeidobius Kamerunicus Faust Coleoptera Curculionidae
(2017-07)
Shukor, Muhammad Idrus
Oil palm plant, (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) from family Palmae was originated from the West Africa and was brought into Malaysia by British Colony. It is now known as the “golden crop” and have become one of the most important oil producing plants in the world. Oil palm inflorescences and bunches are important diet for two insects, the fruit bunch moth, Tirathaba mundella and the pollinating weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus. T. mundella cause 50 % loses of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) while E. kamerunicus is an important pollinator. The objectives of this study are: (1) to find the relationship between the oil palm inflorescences and bunches stage with T. mundella and E. kamerunicus, (2) to find the efficacy and residual effect of several insecticides towards the T. mundella population and (3) to determine the effect of several insecticides towards the E. kamerunicus population. By using Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie or BBCH scale, the oil palm inflorescences and bunches stage were described and used for further study on both insects. The results show that the young bunch (E) with new frass (N) and high infestation (H) have the highest count of larvae. Location with high rotten bunches are having high T. mundella infestation and larvae count. Besides, location with high rotten bunches also had low male inflorescence. Both results show that lower pollination which caused T. mundella infestation to increase thus increasing the rotten bunches count. The time taken for male inflorescence to complete their development was approximately 9 days. The study found that pollinating weevil populations were most abundant during peak anthesis time.
Preparation And Characterization Of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3- Hydroxyhexanoate) Reinforced Kenaf Fibre
(2017-08)
Lee, Joyyi
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is an advantageous polymeric material due to environmental friendliness but its mechanical properties limits its potential in material selection. Green composites, produced from renewable polymers such as thermoplastic PHA and natural fibres, are possible ways to solve this shortcoming. It can potentially substitute non-renewable synthetic materials in composite manufacturing sector. The polymer component of the composite, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] with 3HHx monomer fraction of approximately 20 mol%, was biosynthesized by fermentation using used cooking oil as the sole carbon source. Subsequently, bulk quantity ofP(3HB-co-3HHx) was recovered using solvent-free novel biological recovery method with yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and followed by further purification with water containing strong anionic detergent. P(3HB-co-3HHx) showed slightly better thermal stability than its solvent extracted derivative with the removal of inorganic compounds during the purification process.
Control Of House Fly, Musca Domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) Population In Poultry Farms
(2017-08)
Ong, Song Quan
House flies is the most important pest in poultry units. This study aimed to predict the population changes of house fly population and propose a control threshold, to evaluate the effectiveness of selected insecticide by comparing their LC50 between susceptible and wild strain, to determine the half-life and degradation rates of insecticides by spiking these insecticides into poultry manure, and to study the interaction between the Metarhizium. anisopliae (MET.) and the insecticides in order to control the house fly population. Population changes of house fly was first defined the knee points of a known population growth curve as a control threshold by comparing the rm of five densities of house flies in a simulated condition. Later, to understand the interactions between the larval and adult populations, the correlation between larval and adult capacity rate (rc) was studied.
Cyanobacterial Diversity In Selected Tropical And Polar Environments
(2019-04)
Abdul Rahman, Nur Fadzliana
Cyanobacteria are the most ancient and widespread group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and had a major role in the evolution of the plant kingdom and Earth’s atmosphere. They are primary producers in a wide variety of habitats and are able to thrive in harsh environments. This study explored the cyanobacterial communities in sediment and soil samples collected from selected areas from Antarctic (Browning Peninsula, Dee Island, Greenwich Island and Reeve Hill), Arctic (Kvartsitsletta and Polish Polar Station) and Tropical (Air Terjun River, Air Itam River, Dondang River, Jelutong River and Pinang River) regions, by identifying taxa via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data. 16S rRNA gene amplicons generated from 11 samples were sequenced using illumina Miseq, with the targeted V3 and V4 regions yielding approximately 1 million reads per sample. East Antarctica (Browning Peninsula and Reeve Hill) recorded nine genera of cyanobacteria and west Antarctica (Dee Island and Greenwich Island) recorded seven genera. The two Arctic sampling sites recorded the lowest number of genera, five.
Fish Diversity And Population At Selected Feeder Rivers To Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak
(2019-08)
Mohammad, Mohd Syaiful
A study of fish diversity and in-situ water parameter was carried out in five selected river feeders with eight sampling stations in Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) from November 2012 until Jan 2014 for 14 month of time period. The study area covers the upper and lower reaches of river feeders to Bukit Merah Reservoir. The overall water quality in five selected river feeders of Bukit Merah Reservoir can be classified under Class II (selected water parameters). A total of 1946 individuals of fish were caught using cast net with 42 species belonging to 16 families recorded in this study. Cyprinidae are the most dominant fish species recorded in this study with the composition of 38.1% followed by Bagridae (11.9%) and Channidae (9.5%).
Characterization Of CTP Synthase In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
(2019-08)
Abdul Wahab, Nurul Wahidah
CTPS is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), one of the four basic nucleotide triphosphates that make up DNA and RNA. CTPS dysregulation has been implicated in many different diseases and cancers. It was also shown previously that CTPS can form filamentous structures called cytoophidia. This structure was found on yeast, fruit flies and human. Nevertheless the mechanism behind cytoophidia formation is still vague. To date, there are no in depth studies yet on characterizing CTPS on Danio rerio (zebrafish) and as there are two CTPS genes in zebrafish i.e ctpsla and ctpslb utilizing zebrafish as model organism can further help to understand the CTPS and its cytoophidia. In this studies, the antibody staining results shows that in developing embryos, CTPS is concentrated on the pronephric duct area and the notochord at the end tail area.
Expression And Characterization Of Thermostable Lipase From Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL- nra
(2019-08)
Alyaa Abdulhussein Kareem Alsaedi
In this study, the production of thermostable lipase by the G. thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra at 65°C was qualitatively determined by streaking the bacteria on Rhodamine B agar plate. Since lipases isolated from different sources exhibit diverse and umque characteristics, thermostable lipase from G. thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra was subjected for characterization to determine its properties.
The Use Of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase (Phacbp-M-Cpf4) And Newly Identified Enoyl-Coa Hydratase (Phajss) For The Production Of Poly[(R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-(R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoate]
(2020-12)
Tan, Hua Tiang
Most industrial plastics are produced using non-renewable resources such as petroleum. Hence, polymer production processes based on renewable resources must be developed to reduce the carbon footprints left by human activities. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular biopolyesters synthesized by numerous microorganisms as carbon storage under culture conditions of limiting essential nutrients but with excess carbon source. Besides, PHA is biodegradable. Among the various types of PHA, poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] has a high potential to serve as a commercial bioplastic due to it having the most identical properties to petroleum-based plastics. PHA synthase of Chromobacterium sp. USM2 (PhaCCs) and PHA synthase isolated from mangrove metagenome (PhaCBP-M-CPF4) have been reported to be able to produce P(3HB-co-3HHx). In this study, PhaCCs and PhaCBP-M-CPF4 as well as enoyl-CoA hydratase of Streptomyces sp. strain CFMR 7 (PhaJSs) were characterized. Thus, five different genotypes of Cupriavidus necator transformants harboring phaCBP-M-CPF4 gene and three different genotypes of C. necator transformants harboring phaCCs gene were developed to evaluate the incorporation efficiency of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) monomers. The amount of 3HHx monomer incorporated in the PHA synthesized by these C. necator transformants were examined using palm oil as the sole carbon source. PhaCBP-M-CPF4 enabled the incorporation of higher 3HHx monomer than PhaCCs (up to 18 mol% 3HHx). Besides, the molecular weight (Mw) of P(3HB-co-3HHx) produced by transformants harboring phaCBP-M-CPF4 could reach up to 1.8 × 106 Da, which was six times higher than the P(3HB-co-3HHx) produced by transformants harboring phaCCs. Enoyl-CoA hydratase is crucial for 3HHx accumulation during the production of P(3HB-co-3HHx). This enzyme channels the pathway for supplying (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA monomer units, especially (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA from fatty acid β-oxidation. In this study, phaJSs was identified from the rubber degrading Gram-positive non-PHA producing bacterium, Streptomyces sp. strain CFMR 7. Co-expression of this enoyl-CoA hydratase gene with the chosen PhaC above, phaCBP-M-CPF4, in C. necator PHB¯4, significantly increased 3HHx composition without decreasing the PHA content. This transformant could produce P(3HB-co-3HHx) with 18 mol% of 3HHx and has a Mw of nearly one million Da revealing that both PhaCBP-M-CPF4 and PhaJSs could potentially be used for industrial applications.
Impact Of Edge Effect On Diversity And Diet Of Insectivorous Bats In Penang Island
(2021-07)
Mohamed, Mansour Saad Abulqasim
Habitat loss in Penang Island is recently rising due to the changes in the natural vegetation cover resulting from the agriculture and urbanization. The effect of edge formation has not been studied on bat population in Penang Island. The purpose of this thesis is to fill multiple research gaps related to the insectivorous bats in the forest edges of Penang Island, thereby increasing scientific understanding of how edge effects impact Paleotropical bats. First, the impact of edge effects on an insectivorous bat community composition was studied. Mist nets and harp traps were employed from January through December 2019 to record species abundance, richness and diversity in an assemblage of bats in two sites of a forest edge. The overall Shannon estimate of diversity was relatively not high (H' = 1.38), but the 13 discovered species, 15–19 estimated species and a higher capture rate (4.18/ trap-night) indicated that edge effects probably influence the diversity in Paleotropical bat assemblages. There was no difference in species diversity between dark and light sites of the edge (11 species each), but some species individually captured in one site more than the other. Second, diets of common insectivorous bat species in the studied area (Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros kunzi, Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus lepidus, Rhinolophus pusillus and Rhinolophus stheno) were examined using the fecal analysis.

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