Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Monograf

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A study on the protective effects of calcium channel blockers against anoxic brain damage
(1999)
Introduction It is now widely accepted that a rapid neuronal influx of Ca2+ following cerebral ischaemia! hypoxia is intimately connected with the cascade of events- including activation of enzymes which give rise to the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, thereby leading to free-radical induced damage -which reseult in neuronal injury and death. It is also known that a burst of free radical generation I occurs during re-oxygenation of the tissues following a period,ofischaernialhypoxia as also a prolonged purturbation of the membrane functions continues after the perfusion/oxygenation has been restored, which leads to continued accumulnnon of calcium intracellularly ; resulting ultimately in delayed damage and death of the neurone. Estimation of lipid peroxidation products proviqes a reliable estimate of free radical induced damage to tissues, and has been widely used for this purpose.
Development of PCR Method for the Detection of mu Opiate Receptor Polymorphism.
(2009)
Talib, Nazila
Background: Mu opiate receptor serving as primary target for opiates drug. It plays a key role in addiction and pain perception. This receptor is highly polymorphic, but a simple method was not available to study its genetic polymorphism. We developed and optimized nested allele-specific multiplex PCR to detect twelve SNPs. Three of the SNPs; 118 A/G, IVS +31 G/A and IVS +691 C/G are common SNPs and have implication to human system. But others SNPs were rare SNPs and not widely studied. Objective: The objective of our study was to develop a simple and rapid PCR method for detecting polymorphism of mu opiate receptor (OPRM1 ), then, to validate the PCR method developed. Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood using Spin Protocol :from QIAamp DNA mini kit. A two step PCR method was developed to detect twelve SNPs of OPRM1 gene. In the first PCR (PCRl ), exon 1, 2, 3 and intron 2 of OPRMl gene were amplified. There were two set of reaction involved in PCRl; Set 1 amplifies exon 1, 2, and 3 simultaneously while Set 2 applies for intron 2 only. The PCR products, then, were used as template in parallel allele-specific PCR (PCR2). Afterwards sequencing was used to validate the test results. Result: We have successfully developed and optimized PCRl which amplified exon 1 (420 bp), exon2 (483 bp), exon 3 (677 bp), and intron 2 (1020 bp). Fortunately, only a few SNPs were able to be detected in PCR2. These SNPs consist of 24 G/ A (1 02 bp), 440 C/G (330 bp), 802 TIC (424 bp), 942 G/A (434 bp), IVS +310/A (162 bp), and IVS +6910/C (240 bp). Other six SNPs; 17 err, 118 A/G, 454 A/G, 779 G/A, 794 G/A, and 820 G/A failed to be amplified specifically. It might be due to contamination and also technique during preparation ofPCR mixture. Conclusion: We were partially successful in developing and optimizing a multiplex PCR method which is suitable for use in population studies of OPRMl polymorphism.
Qualitative phytochemical analysis on psidium guajava leaves extracts and its inhibition effects on human osteosarcoma cells.
(2009)
Ruslan, Nor Farhana
The world of modem medicine is now beginning to accept the use of botanicals once they are scientifically validated. One example is the Psidium guajava or commonly known as guava. The leaves of Psidium guajava (PG) is very well known for its vast traditional uses and pwposes. One of the areas in concern is the potential chemopreventive activities. The objective of this study is to perform qualitative phytochemical evaluation on the extracts of PG leaves (methanol extract, petroleum ether extract and water extract) and also to determine the inhibition concentration (IC50) of the extract on the osteosarcoma cell lines (CRL 1543). Leaves collected from one of the local household in the Kelantan state is processed, and extracted using three different types of solvents, namely petroleum ether (PE), methanol and water. The qualitative phytochemical analysis done on the extracts showed that the methanol and water extracts contain alkaloids, tannins and saponms. The petroleum ether (PE) extract on the other hand contains only alkaloids and terpenoid. The methanolic extract showed significant growth reduction activity in CRL 1543 and the IC50 concentration of the methanolic extract on CRL 1543 is approximately 50 ug/ml (p value< 0.05)
Investigation of ctcf gene in glioma and its correlation with yb-1 gene using sybr-green i based real-time pcr.
(2009)
Kahar, Nazirah Abd
A glioma brain tumor is a primary brain tumor that originates from the supportive cells of the brain, known as glial cells consists of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal. Unlike neurons, these cells have the ability to divide and multiply. Though very rare, mostly they are malignant when occurs. These malignancies pose the greatest clinical problems due to difficulty in diagnosis. Even though scans are done, it only produces pictures that suggest a particular type of tumor. The definitive diagnosis is via sample biopsy of tumor examined under a microscope by neuropathologist. Reliable genetic markers are urgently needed to identify glioma patients to avoid invasive approach. The first step in identifiying genetic marker is to analyze the gene expression in the patient sample in comparison to normal sample either its being up-regulated or down-regulated. Therefore, Total RNA is extracted and converted to eDNA and subsequently act as template in PCR providing Ct value by using MCt value determination. Comparative method of MCt provides the data of fold change which is useful to screen genes either being up-regulated or down-regulated in the patients in comparison to non-cancerous normal sample. However, the analysis expression of selected genes is unable to be accessed as the Ct value is unacceptable based on the follow-up assays for amplicon identification in PCR. Instead, the guidelines to optimize the result were obtained based on the experiences and flaws encountered during the experiment. Thus, guidelines reported here are very crucial to be followed by others who interested in gene expression experiment in the future so that good result can be produced.
Level of knowledge among coronary artery bypass grfting patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(2009)
Mansor, Norshuhada Murad@
Preoperative education has a positive impact on cardiac patient's increase level of knowledge. It helps to prepare patient physically and psychologically, since the patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has a hard time maintaining the health status after the surgery. The objective of this study is to explore the knowledge outcome of the patient regarding basic cardiac, lifestyle, and myocardial infarction risk factor among CABG patients. Besides, the paper would like to determine the relationship of sociodemographic data (sex, marital status) with knowledge level of CABG patients. This is a descriptive and quantitative study. This study took place in Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CICU) and Surgery Clinic (SOPD), HUSM. The self-administered questionnaire was provided to patients (n=13) during post-CABG phase. Patients has a low cardiac knowledge with mean score of 59.23 (mean score <70). This included the basic cardiac knowledge (89.90±13.20), knowledge on lifestyle were found at low level with men score of 62.86±14.83, and myocardial infarction risk factor knowledge with low level mean score of 39.42±17.56. There is no association between both sex and marital status with cardiac health knowledge. In conclusion, CABG patient's knowledge is low especially in lifestyle and risk factor despite the preoperative intervention. Thus, ways to improvise the preoperative should be taken to produce positive effect upon cardiac health knowledge of patient.
Parents' satisfaction of care in medical pediatric ward at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
(2009)
Aziz, Norelessa Abdul
Patient satisfaction is a component of health care quality and is increasingly being used in many countries in the world. It is because of its role in quality assurance and continuous quality improvement systems. Views of parents take on increased importance because children are too young to express their own judgment to evaluate the health care services. This quantitative study was conducted to explore the level of parents' satisfaction of care in medical pediatric ward at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). This research is a cross-sectional, descriptive study using self-administer questionnaire. A total of 45 parents were recruited using purposive sampling from medical pediatric ward, HUSM. The questionnaire consists of two parts: parts A consists of parents' demographic and child health-related data, parts B consists of 47 items of quality of care. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12 software. Findings show that four relative higher satisfaction score noted in staff work environment, followed by staff attitudes, caring process, and medical treatment. Whereas accessibility, information illness, information routines, and participation were in lower score relatively. Findings also shows that, there was no significant mean different between parents' satisfaction score with education level (p = 0.058) and frequency of child hospitalization category (p = 0.745). Based on the result, can be conclude that the less satisfied services need to be emphasized and suitable actions should be implemented. This will help to increase the quality of patient care in medical pediatric ward, HUSM.
Verbal Abuse by Parents: Its Relationship with Children's Self-esteem, Anxiety, Depression, and Behavior.
(2009)
Jamari, Nor Laili-Azua
In order to enhance our understanding of verbal abuse, the current study provides an overview of the impact of parental verbal abuse on children. This study examines the relationship between parental verbal abuse with children's self-esteem, anxiety, depression and behavior. A sample of 302 Malay children is selected from an apartment complex in a residential area of Petaling Jaya. A questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of verbal abuse received by the children from their parent, and measure the symptoms of selfesteem, anxiety, depression, and behavioral problem occur in children. The data were coded and analyzed by using SPSS Version 12 involving the usage of three statistical analyses, which are Spearman's rho Correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The result of the analysis shows that verbal abuse by parents were associated with children's self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and behavior. Findings from the present study indicated that the mother is more significantly verbalized the children compared to the father. The result also a showed significant difference between genders in children's anxiety, depression, and behavior. On the other hand, the finding showed a significant difference between age group in children's anxiety and depression score. For gender and age differences, the result showed no significant difference in parental verbal abuse.
Prevelance and factors contributing to anemia among pregnancy women in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
(2009)
Abdullah, Norazila
Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Anemia is defined as a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to a level below the normal range of 10-11 g/dL for pregnancy women. Anemia also can cause many complications which can effects maternal and child health. Many factors can contribute to anemia during pregnancy such as level of education, income, interval of pregnancy, nutritional intake and others. Therefore, the purposes of the study were to identify the prevalence of anemia among pregnancy women, to determine association between anemia with the nutrient intake, selected socio-demographic data and interval of pregnancy among pregnancy women. The study design is cross sectional study. The study had been conducted in O&G clinic and antenatal wards in HUSM. The numbers of respondents involved in the study were 55 respondents. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling. The associations between income, level of education, and interval of pregnancy with anemia were determined by using chi-square test where p value will be determined. While, the prevalence of anemia among pregnancy women was described in percentage. The results showed the prevalence of anemia among pregnancy women in HUSM was 18.2%. Approximately, 10 respondents was having anemia from the total of 55 respondents involved. There was no association found between anemia and income where p value was 0.23(p>0.001). The result showed majority of the respondents 8(14.5%) whose having anemia has income between RM2000-RM3000. There was also no association found between anemia and level of education where p value was 0.18 (p>0.001 ). Respondents who's mostly getting anemia were respondents with higher education 7(12.7%). A part from that, no association was found between anemia and interval of pregnancy where p value was 0.73(p>0.001). Women who have interval of pregnancy less than 2 years have a tendency to get anemia 6(10.9%) compared to mothers with interval of pregnancy more than 2 years. But, there was an association was found between anemia and nutritional intake where p value was O.OO(p<0.001). As a conclusion, nutritional intake was one of the important factors contributing to anemia during pregnancy.
Early study of dynamic assessment of phonological awareness in hearing impaired children.
(2009)
Ismail, Izzat
This early study was done to investigate the implementation of dynamic assessment to assess hearing impaired children performances. The other purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teaching phonological awareness on the children listening skills. Through phonological awareness teaching also, the researcher investigates the learning ability of the children. This research was a case study done on 3 subjects; 1 cochlear implantee and 2 hearing aids wearer children. The subjects' age range is 8; 0 to 8; 6 years old. Cochlear implant subject hearing age was 6; 5 months old, the other two hearing aids wearers hearing age were 4; 6 years old and 5; 3 years old. The children had undergone pretest session to get the early information about the children achievement. Then, they had 2 mediated learning experience (MLE) sessions that teaches on how to perform in the test prepared by the researcher. After that, they had their post-test session. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results reveal that dynamic assessment was proven to be successful in assessing hearing impaired children true potential. Post-test findings showed that listening skills improved for all of the children. Their learning ability of each child was discussed. Conclusion, dynamic assessment was proven effective for assessing children with hearing impaired true potential ruling out any possible biases. For clinical purpose, one can implement dynamic assessment in other communication disorders children.
A comparative in-vitro study of cultured primary normal human epidermal kera tinocyte on artificial dermal regeneration template and fibrin scaffold.
(2009)
Skin plays an important role in regulating our body homeostasis. Once the dermal layer is destroyed, it cannot heal by itself, a transplant or artificial dermal regeneration template is needed in order to restore its function. This study aims to explore the successfulness in the cultivation of primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (pNHEK) within INTEGRA® dermal regeneration template {INTEGRA ®-DRT) and fibrin. Keratinocytes were seeded on INTEGRA ®-DRT and fibrin and observed on three day basis until one week. During the culture, cells were supplied with medium containing elevated calcium in order to promote cell differentiation. The cell viability analysis, growth pattern and three dimensional views were conducted using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). From the analysis, pNHEK were grown on both scaffolds and the proliferation rate was better in fibrin compared to INTEGRA ®-DRT (p < 0.05). However, the penetration rates are better in INTEGRA ®-DRT scaffold compared to fibrin. In conclusion, both scaffolds are suitable to be developed as skin substitute depends on bum situation.
Isolation of adipose stem cells from human skin adipose tissue.
(2009)
Traditionally, stem cells are isolated from bone marrow. These cells have the potency to develop into various types of cells. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow can be used in treating the diseases that need cells therapies or regenerative of cells. Much of the procedures that involve the aspiration of stem cells from bone marrow were invasive and painful. Thus, many researches try to find the alternative source of stem cells. Adipose tissue which is ubiquitous in human body and can be easily isolated promise as a novel source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. When compared with bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells may develop into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes and myocytes in vitro. In this research project, adipose tissues from humans were collected and isolated in vitro. The isolation procedures involved centrifugation, filtration and culturing with DMEM: F-12 (1:1), FBS and PenStrep. Adipose stem cells were isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue, and appeared as fibroblast-like morphology observed under inverted phasecontrast microscope.
Adsorption of malic acid in aqueous solution by amberlite xad-4.
(2009)
Sani, Nor Diyana Md
The adsorption of malic acid onto XAD-4 was studied. The effect of shaking time, pH, temperature, concentration of malic acid and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption of malic acid was investigated by batch process. It was found that the adsorption process works best at lower pH (pH 2.0) and shaking time of 75 min. The equilibrium data could be described well by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms but the best fit is the Freundlich model based on the higher correlation coefficient (R2 ) value. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (l1H 0 ), free energy change (l1Go) and entropy change (l1So) were calculated. The results showe that the adsorption is endothermic, spontaneous and entropy driven respectively.
Optimization of the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry technique for determination of cadmium in Pengkalan Chepa River, Kelantan.
(2009)
Cadmium is one of heavy metal that can cause river water pollution by waste from factories. Common exposure of human or animal towards cadmium will cause toxicity. In determination of cadmium, voltammetric technique was used since it is highly sensitive, low cost and low limit of detection. This technique was used for qualitative and quantitative determination of cadmium in water samples. Samples were collected from five rivers; Sungai Alor B, Sungai Alor Lintah, Sungai Keladi, Sungai Pengkalan Chepa and Sungai Pengkalan Chepa 2 which are tributaries of main river, Pengkalan Chepa River at different depth (surface and bottom). Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPSA V) technique was carried out using three electrodes, hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) act as working electrode, Ag/ AgCIIKCl saturated act as reference electrode and platinum electrode act as auxiliary electrode. The supporting electrolyte used was acetate buffer (1.38 M, pH 4.6). The optimum voltammetric parameters to determine cadmium in river water were initial potential (Ei) -1 V, final potential (Er) -0.2 V, scan rate (v) 5 mV/s, voltage step 0.005 V, voltage step time 1 s, deposition potential (Eacc) -1 V, deposition time (tacc) 60s and equilibrium time (teq) 1000 s. Using this optimized parameters, peak potential (Ep) for cadmium standard was found at -0.632 V. The linear range of cadmium was observed over the concentration range 0.26 ppm to 1.32 ppm with correlation coefficient (r) 0.993, standard deviation (SD) 0.500, sensitivity 10.227 nA/ppm and limit of detection 147 ppb. The method had been successfully applied for determination of cadmium in real samples. The results showed that cadmium was absent in all the samples.
Knowledge, health beliefs and use of vitamin and mineral supplements among elderly clients in klinik rawatan keluarga (krk}, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(2009)
Ariffin, Norfaranieza Muhd
With the prevalence of elderly rising in the past decade, research into nutritional intake among elderly has become increasingly important. Indeed, nutrition-related health problems ranging from nutrient deficiencies to over-nutrient, makes the elderly diet is questionable. The use of nutritional supplementation is enhancing among elderly and their decision of consuming vitamin and mineral supplements might be based on personal knowledge and health beliefs. The objectives of the study is to assess the knowledge, health beliefs of the elderly and correlates them with their use of vitamin and mineral supplements among elderly clients in KRK, HUSM. This study was a cross-sectional design and descriptive study. One hundred and fifty elderly clients who were attending to KRK, HUSM were engaged in this study. From this questionnaire, the knowledge and health beliefs scores were calculated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 12.0 (SPSS). Association and mean difference of the supplement usage were identified. The mean of knowledge score was 10.26 (S.D 2.21) out of possible 20. There is no association between nutritional knowledge and usage of vitamin and mineral supplements. There is no significant mean difference of knowledge score between users and non-users of vitamin and mineral supplements. The mean for health belief score was 24.4 (S.D 2.21) out 45. For the health beliefs score, the result revealed that there were no significance mean difference of health belief score between users and non-users of health belief statements. From this study, it is know that the usage of vitamin and mineral supplements still did not take place among elderly at KRK, HUSM. Besides, the findings also showed that the level of nutrition knowledge is high among the elderly. Those aspects of nutrition knowledge which are low needs improvement and those beliefs that put the elderly at risk of malnutrition in the expanding population of older adults need to be changed and further investigation of vitamin and mineral supplementation behavior in older adults should be explored.
Postoperative pain management in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Project Report.
(2009-04)
Jailani, Norzalila @ Norzakira
The aim of this study is to determine surgical patients' satisfaction of postoperative pain management in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Gate Control Theory of Pain is used as a guide in this study. A descriptive cross-sectional design is used to conduct the study. The Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in Postoperative Pain Management (SCQIPP) questionnaires were given to patients by self administered distribution and guidelines interview. The population was all the hospitalized patients after elective major surgery in HUSM such as general, orthopedic and thoracic surgery. There were 30 patients volunteered to participate in this study which were 28 Malay and one Chinese patient. Their age is range from 18 to 60 and above years old. The findings showed that there is no items of 14 items in the SCQIPP questionnaires achieved high satisfaction of postoperative pain management (>4.5) but six items had low satisfaction of postoperative pain management which is less than 4.0. The result showed item-14 is the highest mean score and item-7 is the lowest mean score. Findings the subscales of action and trust is <4.0 while subscales of communication and environment in range 4.0 to 4.5. There is no significant different between expectation of pain after surgery and surgical patients' satisfaction of postoperative pain management, but have a correlation with satisfaction of pain relief. These postoperative pain management is a very important to reflects patient's evaluation of the action, communication, trust, environment and intervention taken by nurses and doctors in reducing pain intensity. It has important input on patients experience, recovery and health cost. Patients who experienced more pain or did not than expected after surgery does not mean they were satisfied with the pain management. However, when they satisfied with pain relief it shows that they satisfied with the postoperative pain management given.
Family planning: attitudes and practices among postnatal women and their husbands in obstetric and gynecology clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
(2009-04)
Baser, Nor Idzziana
Lack of awareness towards family planning among men and women is an issue needed to take into account. This quantitative study was conducted to identify the relationship between attitudes and practice of family planning among men and women in Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic, HUSM. This research is a cross-sectional, descriptive study using questionnaire. The sample is 65 men and women selected from Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic, HUSM. Self-administer questionnaire was utilized and the questionnaire consists of three sections. Section A consists of respondent's demographic characteristics, Section B consists of 26 attitudinal statements and Section C consists of one question regarding contraceptives practice. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test from Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12 software. More than half of the men and women had positive attitudes towards family planning, but yet only minority of them uses contraceptives method. These quantitative findings contrast with results from other research in other countries. Educated men and women's tend to practice family planning due to their knowledge to the use of contraceptives. Men and women who wanted more children were reluctant to practice family planning. Understanding family planning thoroughly is the key concept in practicing it. Throughout this study, sociocultural and traditional norms give a huge impact on practice of family planning. Therefore, intervention efforts should address these issues and mold action plans appropriate to the situation.
Acute effects of exercise on mood in female students.
(2009-04)
Mamat, Noor Hapizah
The present study was about the acute effects of aerobic dance exercise on mood changes in female university students. It is a field study that involved volunteers who joint the aerobic dance exercise class. Based on previous research, subjects should show positive mental health (an increase in vigor and a decrease in all negative mood subscales; anger, tension, depression, confusion and fatigue) after the exercise. Participants were 16 female students (21.75 ± 0.71 years). They completed the Brunei of Mood Scale (BRUMS) 15 minutes before and immediately after exercise. The aerobic dance exercise session lasted for about 60 minutes including the warm-up, main session and cool-down. The results indicated that the negatives mood subscales of anger (1.88 versus 1.19), tension (0.94 versus 0.44), depression (2.13 versus 0.94), confusion (1.63 versus 0.25) and fatigue (4.19 versus 3.81) were lower, while vigor (positive mood) was higher (7.88 versus 9.81) after the exercise session. However, the changes were only statistically significant for vigor (p = 0.016, eta2 = 0.328) and confusion (p = 0.040, eta2 = 0.252). On the other hand, the results also resembled the Iceberg Profile and may be classified as positive mental health. Findings lend support to the notion that the exercis~ is ~~sociated with ' ~ improved mood. Thus, the aerobic dance exercise can be V,S~d to maintain and regulate positive mental health.
Prevalence of needle stick injuries among nursing students from school of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(2009-04)
Ibrahim, Nor Akmal Masor
Nursing students face the threat of needle stick injuries (NSis) with the consequent risk of acquiring blood borne infections during their clinical training. The aim of this cross sectional study was to explore the prevalence ofNSis among nursing students and to find out the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding NSis. About 132 of nursing students were selected randomly from four batches of nursing students at School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Data were processed using SPSS version 12.0. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistic and Pearson Chi Square to answer the research questions. The fmdings showed that the prevalence of NSis among nursing students was high with 4 7 incidences (35.6%). Only 34% of the incidences were reported by the students. The level ofknowledge regarding NSis among nursing student was high (M = 45.23, SD = 2.73). Level of attitude regarding NSis was at the positive level of attitude (M = 3.91, SD = .49). Level of practice regarding NSis was at the moderate level (M = 2.76, SD = .31 ). There were no statistically significant associations between the level of knowledge, attitude and practice with the prevalence of NSis among the nursing students (p < .OS). Overall, this study showed that nursing students are at high risk of needle stick injmy during their clinical activities. Therefore, some preventive strategies should be taken by the university and hospitals to avoid the occurrence of these problems. Nursing students also must be aware and always perfonn the correct nursing practice by following the guidelines of universal precaution effectively.
The effect of physical disability of home based stroke persons on their quality of life in Kelantan.
(2009-04)
The goal of this study is to determine the effect of physical disability of stroke patients on their quality of life in Kelantan. This study examines the effect of demographic characteristics and patients' physical disability on quality of life among stroke patients. Forty five stroke patients participated in the study. Data were selected trough purposive sampling. Subjects were asked to respond to one set of questionnaires which is consisted of 3 parts: 1) demographic characteristics, 2) Barthel Index and 3) EQ5D with scale. A pilot study had been done and the reliability was 0.93 and 0.62, respectively. Subjects who had involve in this study: 53.3% were female, 91 .1% were Malay and Muslim, age ranged from 31 to 90 years (M = 62.18, SO = 13.38), with all were married. Majority of the subjects' education level was secondary school and only 11.1% attained Diploma/College/University. For the employment status, 75.6% were unemployed with the highest total income household monthly was in range RM 500 to RM1000. Majority of the subjects having ischemic stroke (73.3%) and the stroke life span more than 3 month to 6 month. There are also different means for each demographic characteristic. While the physical disability and quality of life had correlation with p=0.05. Physical disability among stroke persons will alter their quality of life. As a health professional, the information in this study may help in understanding stroke patient needs and the best treatment for them.
Psychological correlates of performance in young taekwondo participants.
(2009-04)
Ismail, Nik Azma Hanin Nik
The purposes of this study were 1) to assess mood and state anxiety in young Malaysian taekwondo athletes prior to competition and 2) to compare mood and state anxiety of successful and less successful athletes prior to competition. The subjects were recruited from the Kelantan taekwondo athletes that participated in the 28th National Remaja Taekwondo Championship 2008 which was held in Penang. The young taekwondo athletes (22 males, 12.86 ± 2.44 years and 17 females, 14.29 ± 2.47 years) were divided into successful and less successful athletes based on the tournament win-loss record. The Brunei Mood Scale (BRUMS) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2-Revised (CSAI- 2R) were administered on the night before the competition day. Independent t-tests ware used to compare mood and state anxiety of successful and less successful taekwondo-in within gender. Pearson correlations were employed to assess the relationship between mood subscales. The present study found that there were no statistically significant difference between successful and less successful taekwondo-in in tension (3.00 ± 1.48 vs. 2.93 ± 1.92, p = 0.906, eta2 < 0.001), depression (1.67 ± 2.35 vs. 1.00 ± 1.27, p = 0.256, eta2 = 0.035), vigor (10.33 ± 3.26 vs. 10.33 ± 3.04, p = 0.999, eta2 < 0.001), anger (1.25 ± 2.86 vs. 1.19 ± 1.71, p = 0.930, eta2 < 0.001), fatigue (2.92 ± 3.48 vs. 2.89 ± 2.76, p = 0.979, eta2 < 0.001) and confusion (2.00 ± 2.34 vs. 1.96 ± 2.38, p = 0.964, eta2 < 0.001).), somatic state anxiety (15.36 ± 3.23 vs. 16.35 ± 3.25, p = 0.384, evl- = 0.021), cognitive state anxiety (17.50 ± 7.41 vs. 19.48 ± 7.74, p = 0.455, eta2 = 0.015) and self-confidence (32.83 ± 5.36 vs. 32.15 ± 6.97, p = 0.764, eta2 = 0.002). The successful taekwondo-in showed a statistically significant relationship between pre-competition tension and depression (p = 0.028), tension and fatigue (p = 0.046), as well as tension and confusion (p = 0.014). For less successful taekwondo-in, there was a statistically significant relationship between precompetition tension and depression (p = 0.003), tension and anger (p < 0.001), tension and fatigue (p = 0.003), as well as tension and confusion (p < 0.001). The mood profile of young Kelantan taekwondo-in did not resemble the iceberg profile. Successful young Kelantan taekwondo-in score higher in depression (1.67 ± 2.35 vs. 1.00 ± 1.27) when compared to their less successful counterparts (p = 0.256, eta2 = 0.035). There was a statistically significant difference between the non-depressed and depressed mood participants in somatic state anxiety (14.60 ± 2.28 vs. 17.28 ± 3.47, p = 0.008, eta2 = 0.174). Fatigue was moderately higher in the depressed mood taekwondo participants (p < 0.001, eta2 = 0.342), while the difference in depression was also moderate (p < 0.001, eta2 = 0.456). In the non-depressed mood taekwondo-in, there was a significant association between anger and confusion (p = 0.001). The results tend to follow the conceptual model postulated by Lane and Terry.

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