Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Monograf

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A comparative in-vitro study of cultured primary normal human epidermal kera tinocyte on artificial dermal regeneration template and fibrin scaffold.
(2009)
Skin plays an important role in regulating our body homeostasis. Once the dermal layer is destroyed, it cannot heal by itself, a transplant or artificial dermal regeneration template is needed in order to restore its function. This study aims to explore the successfulness in the cultivation of primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (pNHEK) within INTEGRA® dermal regeneration template {INTEGRA ®-DRT) and fibrin. Keratinocytes were seeded on INTEGRA ®-DRT and fibrin and observed on three day basis until one week. During the culture, cells were supplied with medium containing elevated calcium in order to promote cell differentiation. The cell viability analysis, growth pattern and three dimensional views were conducted using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). From the analysis, pNHEK were grown on both scaffolds and the proliferation rate was better in fibrin compared to INTEGRA ®-DRT (p < 0.05). However, the penetration rates are better in INTEGRA ®-DRT scaffold compared to fibrin. In conclusion, both scaffolds are suitable to be developed as skin substitute depends on bum situation.
A comparison study of awareness on risk factors and warning signs of stroke between nursing and medical students in Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(2015)
Yazid, Nurfatihah Mohd
Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapidly developing signs of focal loss of cerebral function with symptoms lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death. There are some risk factors of stroke which were hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, and lack of exercise, family history of stroke and poor diet. While the warning signs of stroke are slurred speeches, numbness, weakness, headache, vision problems and shortness of breath. Thus, this study is aimed to compare the awareness level on risk factors and warning signs of stroke between nursing and medical student in USM. Moreover, the researcher also wants to compare the actions taken when someone having a stroke nears them, to compare the sources of information of stroke and lastly to compare the association between selected socio-demographic data (gender and educational entry level) on awareness of risk factors and warning signs of stroke between nursing and medical student in USM. There were 184 respondents included in this study. There was a significant difference in mean level of awareness of risk factors of stroke between nursing and medical students in USM (/?<0.05). The researcher concludes the level of awareness for both programs were good but still need to increase their awareness. Thus, educational program can be conducted to increase the level of awareness of risk factors and warning signs of stroke among nursing and medical students in USM.
A preliminary study on the bacteriological quality of untreated well water from tawang and Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan.
(2015)
Yahaya, Norihan
In Kelantan, an average 69.3% of its population is still depending on the untreated groundwater for drinking and other uses. Untreated groundwater has shown to bring illhealth effects to humans. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological quality of untreated well water from the district of Tawang and Pengkalan Chepa. Ninety (90) samples from thirty (30) sampling points were randomly selected from December 2014 until February 2015. Water samples were analysed using the membrane filtration method. The results showed the E. coli count is within the acceptable level (1-10 cfu/100ml). Pengkalan Chepa relatively has an excellent well water quality compared to Tawang. The number of samples that categorised as an acceptable criteria for drinking water at Tawang and Pengkalan Chepa was about 14 (93.33%) and 15 (100%) of 15 samples respectively. Only 1 sample contain E. coli in the range of 10-50 colony counts at Tawang that indicates that water was unacceptable to be used as drinking. Water samples from both study locations are far from grossly polluted and can be used as a safe source of drinking water.
A study of drinking water quality in Kota Bharu, Kelantan: a special concern on fluoride content.
(2015)
Muhammad, Nur Shazlina
Fluoride content in drinking water is important for oral health. Appropriate intake of it can help to minimize dental carries (tooth decay) whereas excess of it can lead to other health problems such as dental fluorosis and impaired development of central nervous system (CNS) especially among children. In relation to the fluoride, other main parameters also being measured in order to investigate the relationship that might be present among them. This study was aimed to investigate the level of fluoride content in five water treatment plants (WTP) in district of Kota Bharu, Kelantan. It also aimed to determine the concentration of fluoride content in raw and treated water samples from both surface water and groundwater sources, respectively. In all WTP stations, two sampling points were chosen which are at raw and treated water points. For in-situ analysis, the parameters involved were pH, temperature, free-chlorine and turbidity whereas for ex-situ analysis, the parameters involved were fluoride and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N). All water samples were taken three times in a week for eight weeks. The result obtained was then compared with standard value of drinking water from Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH). All the data entry, analysis, and interpretation were done by using Microsoft Office Excel. All bar charts and linear regression was performed using Microsoft Office Excel where coefficient of determination value (R2) was used to measure the regression line that help to determine the closeness of relationship present between variables. Based on bar charts trend and R2 values, it was found that all measured parameters did not influence the fluoride content in water samples. However, the increase of fluoride level after the water being treated was due to other chemicals such as Calcium Hydroxide and Sodium Carbonate that used for pH fixing purpose was detected. Groundwater was noted the higher level of fluoride compared to surface water. However, all the fluoride level was not even reach the minimum requirement set by MOH which it should be between 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L. For raw water samples, the highest R2 values were recorded in three out of five WTP stations for the same parameters of NH3-N against pH. This supported that there was a relationship present between parameters of NH3-N against pH. For treated water samples, two stations recorded the R2 values more that 50% which are for the parameters of temperature against free chlorine and NH3-N against fluoride. However other station shows lower R2 values for those parameters which it cannot support the present of relationship between the parameters. Thus, further study is needed to improve and support the findings. The usage of treated water was recommended in ensuring the safety of public drinking water and fluoridation process also highly recommended to be done as parts of treatment process in all WTP stations as natural occurrence of fluoride still not enough to reach minimum standard of 0.40 mg/L for public drinking water.
A study of fatigue among nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
(2012)
Raseli, Farah Nafeesha Mohame
This research was conducted to study on occupational fatigue experienced by nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The specific objective was to obtain the prevalence of occupational fatigue among nurses. This research also aimed to find the relationship between fatigue with employment data and also to determine the highest risk factor that cause fatigue. The respondents of the study were consisting of all nurses as a major group in healthcare services in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan. 219 respondents have been selected randomly from ward, clinic and laboratory participated in this study. Questionnaires were used to collect field data and then analyze using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). From the analysis, it was found that prevalence of respondents having high fatigue is 56.4% while as for low fatigue is 43.6% and this showed that the prevalence of respondents having high fatigue is great. The result indicated the existence of correlations between working experience with fatigue represented p-value which is 0.043. Meanwhile, there is no association between work location and fatigue as the p-values are greater than 0.05. The result of this research also shows that no association between working in shift and fatigue. Last part of this study has determined five highest risk factors contributing fatigue which are; nurses shorthanded, work stress, excessive workload, improper sleep habits and high expectations/demands from patients and families.
A study on depression, anxiety and stress among first year students at school of medical sciences, school of dental sciences and school of health sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan.
(2015)
Shahar, Sharifah Nor Hida Yah Syed
Changes of a students from school environments to university environments could cause a psychological, academic and social shock to them, since this educational system has big different, make them to face variety of demands such as learned in a new method, have heavy workload, living away from families, the relations between students, and so on. This will make them more vulnerable to emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety and stress. The objectives of this study are to identify the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and the main sources of stressor among first year students at School of Medical Sciences, School of Dental Sciences and School of Health Sciences Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were used in order to meet the objectives and about 164 of first year students were involved in this study. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 24.3%, 62.8% and 40.2% respectively. Between genders, the male students had significant association with depression while, School of Health Sciences also found had significantly association with depression. Regarding the sources of stressors, the top ten stressors decided by the students were mainly interpersonal and intrapersonal factors. Factors including change in living environment, increased workload, anticipation of graduation and change in social activities can be considered as source of stressors that possible caused for depression, anxiety and stress while, the most stressors was change in living environment.
A study on heavy metal contamination of well water at Pasir Mas, kelantan : perspective of water quality index.
(2015)
Abdullah, Nur Liana
Well water is one of the source of the drinking water in Kelantan. The assessment for well water quality is very important in evaluating the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic purposes. The aims of this study is to determine the heavy metal contamination in the well water in Pasir Mas area. In this study seven parameter water quality such as temperature, DO, pH, COD, BOD, NH3-N and SS were recorded. In addition, heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb were investigate. In-situ measurement of water quality such as pH, temperature and DO were measured by using YSI portable Multi-probes meter. Ex-situ measurement such as BOD, AN, COD, and SS were carried out in the laboratory. Statistical analysis of One-Way ANOVA test shows that there is no significant different between pH, COD, BOD, Zn, Fe and Pb in all ten stations involved. The concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb were found in range of 0.02-0.08 mg/1, 0.04-0.29 mg/1, 0.09-0.76 mg/1 and 0.02-0.08 mg/1 respectively. Overall, the Water Quality Index were categorized under class III and it is considered polluted in Pasir Mas area.
A study on the effect of arterial stiffness, ocular perfusion pressure and genetics on the severity and progression of glaucoma.
(2015)
Tajuddin, Liza Sharmini Ahmad
Inadequate blood supply to the optic nerve head (ONH) has been implicated for glaucomatous damage based on the vascular theory of glaucoma. Ocular perfusion pre^ure (OPP) is the balance of systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP). OPP is believecf play an important role in maintaining the function of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Low OPP is believed to cause further damage to the RNFL. There was significant association of low OPP with severity of glaucoma in this study. However, there was no association with progression of glaucoma.Ocular perfusion may also be affected by the stiffness of the vessels and endothelial dysfunction. There was significant association of endothelial dysfunction with severity of glaucoma. Systemic arterial stiffness seem not to affect the severity of glaucoma. Susceptibility genetic markers for glaucoma in Malay patients were also identified. ABCC5 was found to significantly associated with PACG in Malay patients. There was several markers that reached genome wide association significant in Malay patients with POAG.
A study on the protective effects of calcium channel blockers against anoxic brain damage
(1999)
Introduction It is now widely accepted that a rapid neuronal influx of Ca2+ following cerebral ischaemia! hypoxia is intimately connected with the cascade of events- including activation of enzymes which give rise to the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, thereby leading to free-radical induced damage -which reseult in neuronal injury and death. It is also known that a burst of free radical generation I occurs during re-oxygenation of the tissues following a period,ofischaernialhypoxia as also a prolonged purturbation of the membrane functions continues after the perfusion/oxygenation has been restored, which leads to continued accumulnnon of calcium intracellularly ; resulting ultimately in delayed damage and death of the neurone. Estimation of lipid peroxidation products proviqes a reliable estimate of free radical induced damage to tissues, and has been widely used for this purpose.
Activities teaching practices of children with disabilities in special education program in primar school in Kota Bharu.
(2015)
Rahman, Soraya
Physical and recreational activities are important and good for promoting development in learning, growth and health among children. Schools become the most important and suitable institution to promote the physical activity in children .Physical education (PE) help to develop and shaping the children’s behaviour. Thus well taught physical education (PE) and some supports given by the special education teachers may give some encouragement for children with disabilities to participate in physical activities. Special education teachers are teachers who responsible to teach and care for the children with special needs. Their responsibilities are quite heavy and challenging because they need to handle these children who suffered from mental, emotional, vision, and learning disabilities. They also play a big and important role to teach the skills and provide maximum physical activity time within the class period. Subsequently, 46 respondents were selected from five different schools to explore the recreational and physical activity teaching practices for children with disabilities in special education program in primary school in Kota Bharu. Teaching practices and teacher’s perception children with disabilities in physical and recreational activities were gathered and developed through questionnaire, which was modified from Hodge et.al (2004). All the data were analysed by using Simple frequency distribution method because it is easy and save time while for the data had been computed manually (DeVos, 2001). The important findings were discussed at length to determine the research objectives that led to the conclusions of this research. On the analysis of data and conclusions relevant recommendations were formulated.
Acute effects of exercise on mood in female students.
(2009-04)
Mamat, Noor Hapizah
The present study was about the acute effects of aerobic dance exercise on mood changes in female university students. It is a field study that involved volunteers who joint the aerobic dance exercise class. Based on previous research, subjects should show positive mental health (an increase in vigor and a decrease in all negative mood subscales; anger, tension, depression, confusion and fatigue) after the exercise. Participants were 16 female students (21.75 ± 0.71 years). They completed the Brunei of Mood Scale (BRUMS) 15 minutes before and immediately after exercise. The aerobic dance exercise session lasted for about 60 minutes including the warm-up, main session and cool-down. The results indicated that the negatives mood subscales of anger (1.88 versus 1.19), tension (0.94 versus 0.44), depression (2.13 versus 0.94), confusion (1.63 versus 0.25) and fatigue (4.19 versus 3.81) were lower, while vigor (positive mood) was higher (7.88 versus 9.81) after the exercise session. However, the changes were only statistically significant for vigor (p = 0.016, eta2 = 0.328) and confusion (p = 0.040, eta2 = 0.252). On the other hand, the results also resembled the Iceberg Profile and may be classified as positive mental health. Findings lend support to the notion that the exercis~ is ~~sociated with ' ~ improved mood. Thus, the aerobic dance exercise can be V,S~d to maintain and regulate positive mental health.
Adsorption of malic acid in aqueous solution by amberlite xad-4.
(2009)
Sani, Nor Diyana Md
The adsorption of malic acid onto XAD-4 was studied. The effect of shaking time, pH, temperature, concentration of malic acid and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption of malic acid was investigated by batch process. It was found that the adsorption process works best at lower pH (pH 2.0) and shaking time of 75 min. The equilibrium data could be described well by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms but the best fit is the Freundlich model based on the higher correlation coefficient (R2 ) value. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (l1H 0 ), free energy change (l1Go) and entropy change (l1So) were calculated. The results showe that the adsorption is endothermic, spontaneous and entropy driven respectively.
Airway epithelial barrier, mucins and inflammasome in distinct eosinophilic, neutrophilic and mixed inflammatory phenotypes of asthma
(2018-01)
Tze, Tan Hern
Introduction Asthma is a complex, chronic respiratory disease with marked clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. Specific pathways are thought to be involved in the pathomechanisms of different inflammatory phenotypes of asthma, yet direct in vivo comparison has not been performed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of tight junction molecules, mucins and inflammasome activation in different phenotypes of airway inflammation. Method We developed models of three different phenotypes of airway inflammation in mice, namely · eosinophilic, mixed, and neutrophilic asthma via different methods of house dust mite , sensit isation and challenge. Transcriptome analysis was performed using whole lung tissues, fol lowed by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. Results By unbiased whole genome transcriptomic approach, we found that airway tight junction (TJ) molecules, mucins and inflammasome-related genes are differentially expressed in distinct phenotypes of allergic airway inflammation. Detailed analysis of several molecules from these families revealed that (i) Zo-1 and Cldn18 were downregulated in all phenotypes, while Cldn4 upregulation was characteristic for neutrophilic airway inflammation; (ii) mucins Clcal (GobS) and MucSac were upregulated in eosinophilic and even more in neutrophilic asthma, and (iii) upregulation of inflammasome-related molecules such as Nlrp3, Nlrc4, casp-1 and IL-113 was characteristic for neutrophilic asthma. Finally, we showed that inflammasome/Th· 17 /neutrophilic axis cytokines, namely IL-113 and IL-17, might impair epithelial barrier function and increase mucins expressions in primary hBECs from normal and asthmati< donors. Conclusion Our findings suggest that differential expression of TJs, mucins and inflammasome-relate<: molecules in distinct asthma phenotypes might be mechanistically linked and could further reflect the differences observed in the clinic.
Analyses of dna variants in malays with hereditary Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
(2017)
Zakaria, Andee Dzulkarmaen
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) is caused by germline mutations in any of the Mismatch Repair (MMR) genes; MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 including EPCAM gene which is located upstream the MSH2 gene. This study aimed to investigate the underlying genetic variants in Malay HNPCC and of possible genes contributing to the risk of HNPCC. Thirty-two Malay HNPCC patients' samples were analyze by using immunohistochemistry and direct DNA sequencing of MLH1 and MSH2 genes. Seven patients with intact protein expression were selected for further whole genome sequencing. Seven possible mismatch mutations and seven Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered. By the whole genome sequencing data, a number of insertions and deletions (indels) and SNPs were identified. Nine rare variant from seven genes were also discovered in this study. Of the seven genes, two genes; CDK11B was known play a role in cell cycle progression and MUC6 was associated with the outcome of colorectal cancer. A more comprehensive study and analysis in larger population is required to determine more conclusively pathogenic nature of the genetic variants predicted in silico in the current study
Analysis of cadmium in infant milk powder using the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.
(2015)
Isa, Siti Zaharah Md
An anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) technique was used for determination of the cadmium in infant milk powder by using the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Ten samples of infant milk powder which are suitable from zero to twelve months (one year) from different brands and manufactures from the hypermarket and pharmacies in Kubang Kerian area were bought and analyzed. The samples were digested in nitric acid solution by using microwave high pressure digestion technique at 210 °C. The determination of the cadmium trace elements was made in acetate buffer at pH 4.6 and was stirred at 2000 rpm. The optimize parameters for the voltammetric determination of the cadmium are: initial potential, Et = -0.70 V; final potential, Ef = 0.50 V; deposition potential, Eacc = -1.15 V; deposition time, tacc = 90 s; equilibrium time, teq= 10 s; sweep rate = 0.06 V/s; pulse amplitude = 0.05 V; and purge time = 300 s. Cadmium was not detected in all samples except for samples 9 and 10 which showed the Cd contents were about 12.458 ± 2.899 and 31.517 ± 4.320 ppb respectively. This amount is under limit state by the World Health Organization 1972 about 1 ug/kg/day cadmium for children.
Analysis of total coliform and escherichia coli (e. coli) in freshwater and marine bivalves.
(2015)
Norli, Mohamad Syahmi Iskandar
Bivalve molluscs commonly associated with many foodborne disease outbreaks. Total coliform and E. coli are always being used as microbial indicator to determine fecal pollution level in bivalves and water quality status. The objective of this study is to analyze the presence of total coliform and Escherichia coli in selected freshwater bivalves and marine bivalves. In this study, two freshwater bivalves: blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) were selected while two marine bivalves involved in this study were oysters (Crassostrea spp.) and carpet clam (Paphia textile}. Microbiological analyses conducted through were conventional rapid test method by using 3M Petri film E. co/z'/Coliform Count Plate. All samples were analyzed in term of raw or fresh sample and cooked with different time interval. Results of these analyses showed that all raw samples were contaminated with total coliform and E. coli. Total coliform and E. coli were also found in lightly cooked bivalves (5 and 10 minutes cooking time) and not in fully cooked bivalves (15 and 20 minutes cooking time) except for Anadara granosa and Paphia textile. Corbicula fluminea identified as most contaminated bivalves as compared to other samples. In conclusion, raw and lightly cooked bivalves are highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and unsafe for human consumption. In order to reduce and eliminate number of bacteria, bivalves must be cooked thoroughly with proper cooking temperature and method.
Analysis of tumour control probability, normal tissue complication probability and isotoxic effects for prostate cancer.
(2016)
Fauzee, Nurnada Syahrain Mohd
The purpose of this study is to analyse the Tumour Control Probability (TCP), Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) and isotoxic effect for prostate cancer. Eight prostate treatment plans with Collapsed Cone algorithm were evaluated in term of TCP, NTCP and isotoxic effect using BioSuite and BIOPLAN software. The treatment plans were then recalculated using Pencil Beam algorithm and similar TCP, NTCP and isotoxic effects were evaluated. Evaluation of all the treatment planning were conducted based on the DVH data from Oncentra MasterPlan (OMP) transferred to the both software. The results indicate that NTCP value of rectum is higher for LKB model while for bladder; the value is higher using RS model. For all plans, the TCP values are 100% and isotoxic effect of organs are below the isotoxic level (5%). Pencil Beam shows a slightly higher than Collapsed Cone in total dose of target volume for most of plans. NTCP value obtained from BIOPLAN is greater than NTCP value from BioSuite. Total dose calculation of target volume for DVH from OMP is varied from BioSuite. In summary, there is no significant different between Pencil Beam and Collapsed Cone algorithm in TCP, NTCP and isotoxic effects. The dissimilarity in dose calculation using different algorithm is influenced by anatomical position of organ, tumour volume and treatment planning system. Variation in evaluation method will not give similar findings even same data is used. Software development between BioSuite and BIOPLAN indicates a larger difference in NTCP values between two different softwares.
Anthropometric profiling of state level sepak takraw players
(2016-06)
Jamaluddin, Mohamad Anuar
INTRODUCTION: Data of anthropometric measurement are important for talent identification and developmental program. To date, the profile of anthropometric components among state level sepak tak.raw players have been scarce. Thus, this study was carried out to provide data on anthropometric components of sepak tak.raw players for age under 15 and 18 year old especially at the state (developmental) level. PURPOSE: This study was carried out to access the anthropometric profile and body type of state level sepak tak.raw players. METHOD: Fifty four males participants (n = 54) participated in this study, who originated from Penang (n = 30) and Kelantan (n = 24 ). All participants were currently playing at state level and age ranging from 13 to 18 years old. The participants were measured for their standing and sitting height, weight, skinfold measurement (i .e. 8 sites skinfold), girth (i.e. calf and arm flexed with tensed) and breadth (i.e. humerus and femur) . RESULT: The result represented the participants' anthropometric data of the standing height, body weight, sitting height, percentage of body fat and somatotype value. The tallest between all three positions in under 15 category was server 165.57 ± 9.05 em. Under 18 category, the tallest player was the killer 168.31 ± 5.94 em. The total mean of BMI for all three positions for under 15 category was 19.43 ± 2.70 kgm-2 and 21.40 ± 2.45 kgm-2 for under 18 category respectively. The highest measure for sitting height between all three positions in under 15 and under 18 category was the server (85.56 ± 4.83 em) and (87.64 ± 3.02 em). The highest mean percentage of body fat for under 15 category was the server (6.53 ± 3.15 %) while the lowest value was the killer (4.45 ± 1.54 %). Meanwhile, the highest mean percentage of body fat for under 18 category players was the server (6.52 ± 3.51 %). Then, the lowest value was the killer (5 .15 ± 3.14 %). Finally, for somatotype, the total mean of somatotype value for players under 15 category was 2.3-4.4-3.2 which is refer to as ectomorphic-mesomorph category. In addition, the total mean of somatotype value for players under 18 category was 2.2-5-2 .8 which is refer to as ectomorphicmesomorph category. CONCLUSION: The measurement of the anthropometric and somatotype value of state level sepak takraw players showed different body physique and body composition among all three positions. Since there were limited data in previous study, thus, results of this study will provide new information and contribute to the athletes ' performance and selection of athletes in sepak takraw.
Anti-inflammatory activity of centella asiatica.
(2012)
Centella asiatica (C.asiatica) is a member of a tropical plant family, traditionally used as anti-inflammation and for wound healing. Macrophage plays a primary role in innate macrophage cells stimulated with the plant extracts was initially investigated by MTT cell proliferation assay and the anti-inflammatory activity of C.asiatica was determined by measuring its effect on the H2O2 and NO production by the stimulated macrophage cells. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The result showed that the methanolic leaves extract of the plant enhances the highest proliferation of the J774A. 1 macrophage cell at 150 pg/mL. It was also found that the extract has a significant anti-inflammatory effect in terms of cell proliferation, suppressing NO and H2O2 production in concentration-dependent manner as compared to the control groups.
Anticancer effect of artonin E and chaplashin from artocarpus species on breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7
(2013-05)
Ling, Choo Yen
Breast cancer appears to be a major global health problem. The most common treatment approach of this disease is chemotherapy. However, studies showed that long-term use lead to drug resistance and implies side effect that may cause several genetic alteration, such as gene mutation, DNA methylation and histone modification. Epidemiologic studies revealed that consuming flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables might reduce all types of cancer incidences including breast cancer. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the anticancer effect of two types of flavonoid extracted from Artocarpus sp, Artonin E and Chaplashin towards breast determine anticancer effect of Artonin E and Chaplashin towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and to determine mode of cell death of cells treated with most potent compound by assessing nuclear fragmentation effect. Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of cell growth on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a median inhibition concentration (IC50) was determined by methylene blue assay. The IC50 concentration was then used to analyse nuclear fragmentation event using fluorescence dye Hoeschst 33342. Mode of cell death was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V/PI double staining. It was found that Artonin E showed better anticancer activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 of 4.95 pg/ml compared to Cisplatin with IC50 of 5.88 pg/ml. Chaplashin showed the best activity towards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 of 24.80 pg/ml. Nuclear fragmentation assay showed the cells treated with Artonin E absorbed more distinct fluorescent blue glow compared to the untreated cells. The stained morphology indicated apoptosis characteristic as nuclear fragmentation appeared clearly in the treated cells. Thus, we postulated that anticancer effect in the treated cells underwent apoptosis. In conclusion, Artonin E exerted strong antipoliferative effects to attribute anticancer effect potential towards MDA-MB-231. Mode of cell death confirmed the induction of apoptosis when nuclear fragmentation occurred in the treated cancer cells. Therefore, these plant-derived compounds need further investigation to support the anticancer effect. Thus it might become a potential anticancer drug in the future.

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