Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam - Monograf

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A comparative study on geogrid reinforced retaining wall and rc cantilever retaining wall
(2011-04-01)
Seah, Choon Shean
The application of reinforced soil concept in earth retaining structure is getting popular nowadays. The Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Wall is often compared to RC Cantilever Retaining Wall due to its better advantages in many aspects. This final year project is concerned with the comparison between Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Wall and RC Cantilever Retaining Wall from engineering aspect based on a company project. Well known geotechnical finite element analysis software, PLAXIS V8 is used as analysis tool in this study. The retaining wall’s behavior in post construction was investigated. It was found that the Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Wall deform lesser than RC Cantilever Retaining Wall. The trend of stress distribution in the soil is different from each other. The factor of safety of Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Wall is also higher. Besides that, the performance of retaining wall with different ground condition and backfill material is studied as well. The results are more evident in which the Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Wall has smaller displacement in wall facing as well as soil body. The differential settlement in Geogrid Reinforced Retaining Wall is small compared to RC Cantilever Retaining Wall in which can be observed in displacement contour map diagram.
A comparison of structural design of a three-storey reinforced concrete school building in malaysia based on ubc 97 and bs8110
(2011-05-03)
Muhammad Faiz Abdul Rahman
Malaysians were not too concern about earthquake hazards because earthquake had not caused any serious property damage or casualty in Malaysia in the recent recorded history. But, the Indian Ocean Tsunami on 26 December 2004 raised one important question for Malaysia: How safe are buildings against the earth movements? The safety of buildings in Malaysia subjected to seismic loading had become an issue. The government and local authorities now start to discuss about the important of building with consideration of seismic load in Malaysia. The main objective of this dissertation is to compare in term of percentage of steel tonnage and concrete volume for beam and column of existing gravity load design RC school buildings (BS 8110) in Malaysia and the seismic design based on Uniform Building Code (UBC 97). One existing school model was selected, L shape in plan consisting of 3 stories and only one block is considered for the study. Malaysia is in low to moderate seismicity region, which is in zone 2B, based on UBC 97 code. The school is categorized as regular structures and hence is analyzed using static equivalent method. The seismic analysis is performed using STAAD-Pro software. The structures are designed as Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF) according to the UBC 97 and ACI 95 recommendations. Analysis of result the result show that he total percentage difference between existing design and seismic design for steel tonnage is 26.16% and for concrete volume is 13.05%.
A computational study about the effect of surface shape on strength & stiffness of tensioned fabric structures under wind loading
(2006-06-01)
Kuan, Hui Myen
This thesis is carried out to investigate the effect of surface shape on strength (in terms of maximum stress) and stiffness (in terms of surface displacement) of tensioned fabric structures under wind loading. In this paper, anticlastic forms like saddle, cone and membrane dome of tensioned fabric structures were analyzed. Finite element software – ADINA is used to create the models of tensioned fabric structure. It is followed by analyzing step by using a stress analysis computer program to investigate the form as well as the effect of wind loading for each model with different pre-stress level conditions under the same wind loading condition. From the study, the location of maximum stress and displacement of different shape is recognized in order to check the efficiency of different shapes in resisting wind loading. The graph of maximum tension/pre-tension versus sag/span is used to show the relationship between structure strength and effect of wind loading. While the graph for percentage of maximum displacement versus pre-tension is used to show the relation between the shape and the stiffness of the structure. This study has covered rectangular saddle surface, square saddle surface and conical surface for both strength and stiffness of the surface shape mentioned above. It has been found that the square saddle surface exhibits the best result to resist wind loading. This conclusion is based on the lowest ratio for maximum tension/pre-tension and sag/span as well as the lowest percentage for displacement result exhibited in the result for square saddle surface. The outcome of the study will provide technical guidance on efficiency of different shapes of tensioned fabric structures in resisting wind loading.
A Computational Study On Structural Behaviour Of Surfaces With Curved Fold Lines
(2021-08-01)
Khor, Yong Yee
Surface with curved creases derived from origami can be advantageous in roof structures which can improve strength while preserving the aesthetic values. However, there is still a great deal of ambiguity and insufficient research on the potential use of curved fold lines. This study targets to formulate a systematic computational method for the generation of surface with curved creases with different factors governing the surface configuration. This study also aims to investigate the effects of pattern of curved crease folds, thickness of surface and the change of the rise-span ratio on structural behaviour of surface with curved crease in terms of load-carrying capacity and stiffness. Several criteria had been established for the selection of origami with curved creases based on the extensive collection by the previous researcher. The outcome shows three origami models have potential application in roofing systems, namely Non-inflated Degree-4 Vertices, Four Circular Mountain Ridge Curves and Four Elliptical Mountain Ridge Curves. Image Capturing Method (ICM) is adopted to develop the outlines of the origami models and the elevation profiles from the raster 3-D paper forms. Surface formation is then proceeded before the finite element analysis. These origami models are then scaled with 100 and assigned with additional analytical properties to evaluate the structural performance. Finite element analysis under self-weight condition only is carried out corresponding to the adjustments, i.e., elevation profiles of curved fold lines, overall risespan ratio and surface thickness. The best-performing model in terms of better stress distribution and lower displacement with the consideration of self-weight is then selected. The results obtained from the variation of elevation profiles of curved fold lines show that all models under the category of Model 01 (Non-inflated Degree-4 Vertices) and Model 02 (Four Circular Mountain Ridge Curves) failed to meet the tensile stress limit. Comparing these two types of models, Model 01 shows relatively higher stress and displacement. In contrast, only the models under category of Model 03 satisfy the stress limit. This is mainly due to the geometry patterns of the origami models which lead to different stress distributions over the surfaces. For the rest of the modifications, the FE results show that all models under the category Model 03 are still within the allowable stress and deflection limits with slight variation. Therefore, the presence of curved fold lines and the greater overall effective depth of the structure help to enhance the performance in load-carrying capacity.
A Study Of Flow Characteristics Along The Hydraulic Physical Model Of Kenyir Dam Spillway
(2021-08-01)
Manogaran, Thiennieesh
Water flowing over a spillway has a very high kinetic energy because of the conversion of the entire potential energy to the kinetic energy. This circumstance will result in damage or significant erosion at the toes of the spillways, the weir bed, and downstream of a river. To solve this problem, the water flow velocity must be minimised. Physical modelling was implemented to this conundrum in order to modify the current energy dissipating structure, the stilling basin, to enhance energy dissipation as much as achievable by downstream velocity reduction. The baffles blocks were adopted as the modification in this study because they are widely used to stabilise the jumps, shorten its length, and maximise energy dissipation. A selection of baffle arrangements was evaluated by positioning them in the stilling basin's mid-span to identify the most effective outcome in minimising downstream velocity. From the findings, it is clearly shown arrangement of baffles blocks at the stilling basin impacts velocity reduction at various discharge cases. The formation of cross-waves was also assessed at the discharge channel at every discharge value with its relative distance from the sump and the width of the channel prior to the site. For discharge situations of 70.0 L/s and 100.0 L/s, modifications to the Type II stilling basin were recommended. Furthermore, constriction, expansion, or curvature should be avoided in chute spillways identical to the Kenyir Dam spillway to limit cross-wave generation and other unfavourable flow behaviours.
A Study Of Flow Characteristics On Hydraulic Physical Model Of Tawau Dam Spillway
(2021-08-01)
Kamal, Nurdinie Ienani Md.
A dam's spillway is one of the most crucial components. It allows the project to evacuate a surplus of water in a controlled or uncontrolled manner to guarantee the project's protection. High velocity causes scouring and erosion at the downstream area by creating low or negative pressure on the spillway slab. In addition, the negative pressure produces cavitation which can cause serious damage to the structure of the spillway. To solve this issue, the suitable energy dissipator is needed to minimized the velocity of water. The purposes of this project are to study the flow characteristics and to evaluate the suitable type of energy dissipator for the Tawau Dam Spillway. The Tawau Dam spillway is a 1:30 scaled spillway physical model and it is constructed by the School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia. This research was carried out for two different discharges which are 40 l/s and 73 l/s. The research also concentrated on the modification in the stilling basin by applying the suitable energy dissipator. The end sill blocks were selected as the modification in this study because they are widely used to stabilize the jumps, shorten its length and maximize energy dissipation. The velocity profile data was used to identify the flow characteristics of the Tawau Dam Spillway. Based on the findings, the flow characteristics depend on the flow discharges in the spillway model. This research implemented the Type III stilling basin, which results in the B-jump. From this case study, the most suitable size of the end sill block is (2x4) inch is used to reduce the hydraulic jump and conserve the energy of water.
A study of sulphate attack resistant on fired clay masonry units
(2005-04-01)
Cheng, Kai Lee
This dissertation reports the study of the sulphate attack resistance of fired clay bricks. Five types of fired clay bricks had been selected to investigate their ability on sulphate attack resistance. Besides that, study of material property and mechanical property of fired clay bricks had been conducted to determine its influence on the sulphate attack resistance of fired clay bricks. This study needs to define which type of fired clay bricks has sulphate attack resistance. Besides that, this study also stresses on the important of choosing the suitable sulphate attack fired clay bricks to construct buildings at area exposed to sulphate attack. This information is important in helping designer to improve the durability of fired clay bricks when producing sulphate attack resistance fired clay bricks. However, raw materials of fired clay bricks are not defined in this study due to the lack of information about it. A series of laboratory test had been carried out to investigate the material properties and mechanical properties of five types of fired clay bricks. Sulphate attack resistance of fired clay bricks had been observed from cycle test by measuring the number of cycles which causes the brick samples to fail. Relationship between properties of fired clay bricks and its resistance to the sulphate attack was defined. This study will provide more information in choosing the suitable sulphate attack resistance fired clay bricks.
A study on average travel speed at two-lane highways in malaysia
(2011-03-01)
Tan, Yong Kee
Average travel speed (ATS) is currently one of the crucial performance indicators in the determination for the level of service for two-way two-lane highways in Malaysia. It has become a common practice for designers in Malaysia to use guidelines based on the US HCM when designing these highways. Therefore, this study to investigate the ATS on Malaysian two-lane two-way highways is crucial in order to identify the real traffic conditions. This investigation is done to reveal the relationship between ATS and Free Flow Speed, factors affecting ATS as well as the relationship between ATS of passenger car and traffic compositions. The result shows that ATS is directly proportional to FFS, lane width and shoulder width. However, ATS is found to be inversely proportional to access point density. ATS increases when percentage of no passing zones increases which is at 11.43% to 55.67% of no-passing zones. After reaching a maximum point at 55.67% of no-passing zone, ATS will decrease when the percentage of no-passing zone continues to increase which is at of 55.67% to 85.71% of no-passing zones. For the case of ATSpc, it is directly proportional to the increase in percentage of class 2 and class 3 vehicles as well as the Free Flow Speed of passenger cars. However, it is inversely proportional to the increase of the class 4 and class 5 vehicles.
A study on pm10 on health impact of air polution in engineering campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
(2005-04-01)
Sansuddin, Nurulliyana
Air pollution is a phenomenon that occurs on the earth and it includes Malaysia. It has always been happening ago. Many researches have measured types of pollutant including their sources and how they are distributed in the atmosphere and also the ways to reduce the problems. Research about particulate matter that assembles in the air especially in buildings is a new scenario. The situation where the possibility of the particulate matter is present in the building at this campus is the main cause of this research. As known, high concentration of particles in the air can affect the human health. There are varieties of illnesses caused by particulate matter such as asthma, respiratory problems, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and cancer. So, this research emphasized on monitoring indoor air pollution at 5 monitoring locations around the Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The results of the concentration level of PM10 which are taken from the equipment called Microdust pro have been analyzed and it concludes that the concentration level of PM10 is under the limit that is fixed by the authorities. The highest average of the concentration reading is 49.4µg/m3 where it recorded at Rumah Kesatuan and the lowest reading is 2.8µg/m3 at Jaya Cafeteria. All of the data are less than the limit of the particulate matter which is 150µg/m3 for average concentration in 24 hours. There are some of the solutions that proposed in this research to reduce the concentration level before it gets worse in the future. The techniques are suggested to avoid the effect of the particulate matter especially to the human health at this campus.
A Study On Practices Of Solid Waste Disposal In Different Countries
(2021-10-01)
Angeline, Debbie Annabelle
Urbanization and population growth have increased the production of solid waste (SW). This has had a significant impact on environmental concerns and economic growth. Thus, the objectives of this research are to determine the distribution of SW in different countries and to compare their SW disposal methods. Additionally, the relative merits and demerits of various SW disposal methods will be evaluated. This study employs a critical evaluation of the literature, in which data are gathered from secondary sources such as books, journals, and periodicals. The first step of research is planning, which entails defining the issue, the scope of the study, and the research goals. The second step entails conducting the study, and the last stage entails documenting the findings. The findings of this research indicate that Japan, Singapore, and South Korea have comprehensive waste management policies that focus primarily on reducing waste at the source, waste segregation, and waste recycling. As a result, these countries have a high recycling rate, which has resulted in a substantial reduction in the amount of SW disposed of during the final disposal process. Additionally, these countries rely heavily on incineration as a final disposal method to minimize waste volume and maximize the usage of waste-to-energy technology. Malaysia, Vietnam, and India, on the other hand, do not conduct waste reduction at the source, resulting in a significant amount of waste being dumped in landfills. In the context of environmental sustainability and efforts to decrease SW production, it is critical to develop systems that effectively reduce waste creation and improve its recycling rate. Japan, South Korea, and Singapore have effectively developed and managed their SW disposal systems in this regard.
A study on structural behaviour of plastic chairwheel concrete spacer
(2011-05-01)
Tan, Wei Shung
The purpose for this study was to determine the compression capacity of spacers used in the construction industry by means of experimental work, and to study load distribution within the structural of spacer by means of computational analysis. Plastic chair and wheel spacer samples were obtained from a local manufacturer of plastic spacers. Samples were tested to obtain a load displacement curve using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Comparison between wheel spacer and chair spacer was made. The maximum compressive load for spacers with various cover depths were tested for chair spacer. The material of the plastic spacers obtained from the manufacture had mix proportions of polypropylene (PP) and recyclable material. Computational analysis was carried out using finite element analysis software LUSAS. A finite element analysis using 3D elements was carried out to study the load distribution. Experimental results show that the maximum capacity and displacement of plastic chair spacer is higher than that of plastic wheel spacer. Current most used and available plastic wheel spacer of cover 35 mm can support an average maximum loading of 0.4537 kN. The weakest link in a plastic wheel spacer is its outer legs. Current most used and available plastic chair spacer of cover 50 mm, 40 mm and 30 mm, can support an average maximum loading of 1.185 kN, 1.148 kN, 1.850 kN respectively. Plastic chair spacers could take up to four times the maximum compressive load capacity compared to plastic wheel chair spacer for the same cover. Results of computational analysis on a chair spacer show that the trend of behaviour could be simulated satisfactorily. However, the compression capacity showed significant difference in magnitude due to unavailability of stress strain data of the actual material used for the spacer. Both laboratory test observations and computational analysis shows that the center column of the chair spacer plays a significant role in the load distribution which leads to its loss in cover as a result of compression displacement.
A study on the flow characteristic in the artificial riffle zone
(2021-08-01)
Li, Bai Hao
With the rapid development of the world as well as in Malaysia, many natural rivers have been destroyed due to urbanisation. Urban modernisation has brought changes to the natural environment; therefor'e, people should ameliorate the damaged river using artificial riffle structures. The artificial riffle structure helps restore the shape of the river, water quality, and aquatic habitat. Therefore, in this thesis, the characteristics of flow in the artificial riffle zone are studied with numerical modeling method. Numerical modeling is a convenient tool for studying flow in artificial riffle zone. As a reliable commercial software, the Flow-3D model is used to simulate flow over the artificial riffle zone. The simulation was carried out with different flow Froude numbers to evaluate the turbulent kinetic energy in the artificial riffle zone. Numerical simulation results show that the is distinct difference in the turbulent kinetic energy at different flow depths in the artificial riffle zone.
A study on water quality and phosphorus content in sediment of bukit merah reservoir
(2011-05-01)
Samsudin, Umulnajwa
This study describes the water quality at Bukit Merah Reservoir in term of Water Quality Index (WQI). To describe the water quality, several parameter index are been used such as Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonical Nitrogen (NH3-N), pH and Suspended Solid (SS). Laboratory test has been conducted in order to get the parameters value. While the index parameter value is been determined by using sub- index equation. The results of analysis are related to suitable uses of the reservoir based on the class of water presented in Department of Environment Water Classes. Despite water quality measurement, this study also described the Total Phosphorus (TP) content in the lake’s sediment. As a minor study, Total Nitrogen (TN) also are evaluated. Both TN and TN amount in the sediment is determined by conducting laboratory test. For TP, Molybdovanadate Method is used while for TN Persulphate Digestion method is used. The findings of TP and TN are compared with the findings of previous study about it. There is highly infrastructure development at the case study area which is railways construction on going. Besides, increasing of agricultural scheme and residential area are the source of water and sediment pollution at the case study area.
A systematic literature review on magnesium oxide as expansive agent in self healing concrete
(2021-07-01)
Low, Phak Ho
This dissertation presents a systematic literature review about the magnesium oxide (MgO) in the self-healing concrete. The objectives of this review is to appraise the effectiveness of MgO as an agent for self-healing concrete. Besides, this review also identify and evaluate the sequence findings in the application of MgO in self-healing concrete and identify the gap of knowledge in the application of MgO as an expansive agent for self-healing concrete. For the information, self-healing concrete can heal the crack automatically without any external intervention to regain strength and durability. Yet, the expansion behaviour of MgO in the concrete helped to fill the crack. Therefore, there were 17 articles had been identified in this review from the Scopus database. Systematic searching strategies had been used to screen out the irrelevant articles and the article quality assessment also being used to avoid the publications of poor methodological quality. In this review, the calcination system, reactivity of MgO and nano-MgO were discussed. Results showed that the calcination temperature and holding time will directly affect the reactivity of MgO. Then, relationship between MgO and the other minerals such SCM or curing additive were investigated, and the results showed that the combination of mineral and MgO showed better performance than the individual MgO. In addition, the application method and AMD environment for concrete with MgO were studied. The MgO incorporation in concrete in most environment condition generally decreases the strength and shrinkage but improved the load recovery and durability indicator such as higher crack area reduction, low gas permeability and water absorption. Furthermore, the diffusion of healing agent and characteristic of pellet were the main issue to be manipulated in order not to affect the concrete’s properties as well as maintain the self-healing behaviour.
A systematic review experimental and numerical studies of fire influence on lateral resistance and buckling performance of cold formed steel sections
(2021-07-01)
Cheah, Yue Yeou
This study presents the review on the critical objectives on the influence of fire on lateral resistance and buckling performance of cold-formed steel (CFS) sections and the methods of conducting the study onto both criteria. More fire safety regulations and countermeasures are needed due to the losses caused by fire events worldwide. Likewise, the use of CFS is expanding recently to industries and mid-rise buildings. This condition required accurate prediction of the buckling behaviour and parameters affecting the lateral resistance of CFS sections in the fire. Even though many studies were related to buckling performance and lateral resistance, they were not discussed directly and clearly. Yet, there are several sections of steel with different effects when exposed to fire. In this review work, it can be observed that the experimental approaches used in this study were described in terms of its specimen preparation, equipment used, and type of test used. On the other hand, the numerical approaches were described in terms of design standards and analysis software used. At last, the influence of fire on CFS sections was discussed.
A systematic review experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical properties of cfs section at elevated temperature and after cooling down
(2021-08-01)
Salim, Muhamad Shazarul
In recent years, the fire safety of cold-formed steel (CFS) buildings has gained more attention and cold-formed steel (CFS) members have expanded their use in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. It is important to review the mechanical properties of the cold-formed steel at elevated temperature and after cooling down. This study is purposely to conduct a systematic literature review to identify gaps in current knowledge of mechanical properties of cold-formed steel when subjected to elevated temperature and cooling down process, making it more usable for both practitioners and researchers. There are four phase of systematic literature review protocol, i.e., formulate review question, define searching strategy, define data extraction and define data synthesis. The objective of this study is to examine experimental and numerical investigations conducted in examining the mechanical properties of cold-formed steel (CFS) sections at elevated temperatures and after cooling down. It also discusses the influence of elevated temperatures and cooling down on mechanical properties of cold-formed steel (CFS) section. Based on the finding observed from experimental investigation, steady-state test is the most popular approach now employed for the mechanical properties of steels at elevated temperature while for numerical investigations, predictive equations are commonly presented in numerical studies to determine the mechanical properties of cold-formed steel (CFS). Then, due to the high capacity to handle non-linear issues, ABAQUS was preferably for numerical investigation. According to findings, it has been found that different type of CFS grade and different type of CFS section affect the mechanical properties of CFS such as yield strength, ultimate strength, elastic modulus and ductility at different temperature.
A systematic review of green roof technology using coco peat as a substrate
(2021-07-01)
Manan, Faten Nur Diyana Abdul
This review was conducted to study the design of green roof using coco-peat as substrate. Generally, the green roof concept was implemented to support plant growth while also giving aesthetic, environmental, and economic benefits. It has been around for over a century and have become one of the most important components in urban areas in recent decades. Green roof is categorized into three parts which is intensive, semi-intensive and extensive. Meanwhile, coco peat is an organic and renewable substrate processed from coconut shells. It has good planting performance and reusable. It is mostly used as a substrate because of its high Water Holding Capacity up to 100% , Air-Filled Porosity (13%) and Bulk Density of 0.08g/cm3. The objectives of this study are to determine the effectiveness of coco-peat as substrate on green roof for the attenuation of stormwater and reducing peak flow. Next, to examine the effectiveness of coco peat as substrate in improving stormwater quality. Therefore, most of the articles reviewed is focused on topic of green roof substrate. The review conducted proved that coco peat is effective to attenuate stormwater and reducing peak flow as it has high Water Holding Capacity to retain stormwater up to 100%. It was also proved that by using coco peat as substrate can improve stormwater quality as it able to remove heavy metals and pollutants by adsorption up to 99% removal rate. Lastly, it is also an organic matter and renewable substrates, so coco peat is a sustainable to be used for green roof technology as it can easily accessible in some countries for example Malaysia.
Activated carbon aided alum coagulation for removal of textile dye from dye water
(2006-03-01)
Er, Eng Kien
The processes of adsorption followed by coagulation was evaluated for the removal of three textile dyes (CIBACRON Yellow C5G, Remazol Blue RGB and Remazol Red RGB) from water in a laboratory-scale experiment. The adsorption efficiency of manufactured powdered activated carbon (Malbon R4) for three dye solutions was also investigated. Batch experiments showed that the adsorption of dyes increased with an increase in dye concentration and carbon dose. The right sequence of operation was identified for the combined treatment system. The results indicated that maximum percentage of dye removal by adsorption on Malbon R4 for the dyes achieved was 52.15-83.53 %. The maximum dye removal efficiencies for 20 mg/l and 50 mg/l of dye concentration (for three dyes) with adsorption followed by coagulation were 96.16-99.78% and 96.71-99.60 %, respectively. The combined adsorption-coagulation process has the capability of near complete dye removal. More research should be done with different types of activated carbons and coagulants for removal of dye from dye wastewater.
An assessment of national pm10 monitoring network in malaysia
(2011-05-01)
Dullah, Aidatul Akmal
Recently, air pollution is one the most important issues of concern to the public. The growth in industrial areas directly increases the traffic density of that area. Hence it will increase the air pollution particularly PM10. This research investigates the concentration of PM10 for year 2006 and 2007 in five different areas that includes industrial, residential and background. SPSS and WRPlot view software were used to obtain the descriptive statistics and wind distribution for each station. From the descriptive statistics, Nilai station records the highest concentration for both years that is 231.750 µg/m3 in 2006 and 123.580 µg/m3 in 2007. It was found that industrial areas have contributed to the highest concentration on PM10. The comparison between each industrial station with background and residential station also shows the similar findings. From time series result, both three industrial stations show the peak value especially during 2006. This is due to short period of haze event in 2006, which affects the air quality during that year. Many factors influence PM10 concentration in the atmosphere. One of the main factors is seasonal variations. Mostly, maximum concentration and highest peak occur during southwest monsoon due to dry weather period. From the wind distribution, the possible sources of pollutant were determined. Industrial areas were the major sources of pollutant, followed by emission from vehicles, power plant and open burning activities. Based on the analysis, Perai station shows the lowest concentration compared to Nilai and Pasir Gudang. Hence, it was proposed to be the reference station for industrial area.
An assessment of national sulphur dioxide (so2) monitoring network in Malaysia
(2011-05-01)
Mohammad Asri, Nor Shuhada
The ambient air quality in Malaysia is monitored continuously and manually by the Department of Environment (DOE) to detect any changes in the ambient air quality status that may cause harm to human health and the environment. The DOE monitor the air quality through a network of 51 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (CAQM) stations located in residential, traffic and industrial areas throughout the country. This study is to analyze the SO2 concentrations at five different areas which are Jerantut, Melaka, Nilai, Pasir Gudang and Perai in 2006 and 2007. CAQM station in Melaka located at residential areas while CAQM stations in Nilai, Pasir Gudang and Perai located at the industrial areas. The results from the analysis using SPSS software were plotted in the graphs to compare the SO2 concentrations at each CAQM stations. From the descriptive statistics, Perai had the highest SO2 concentrations in 2006 while in 2007 Pasir Gudang had the highest SO2 concentrations which were 0.024 ppm and 0.0283 ppm respectively. For the mean SO2 concentrations, Nilai contributed highest concentrations in 2006 while Pasir Gudang contributed the highest concentrations in 2007. All the daily SO2 concentration does not exceed the limit of Ambient Air Quality Guideline which is 0.04 ppm for 24 hours. The sources of pollutant mostly came from industrial activities. Stationary sources were the major sources which are power plants, industrial fuel burning processes and domestic fuel burning. The other possible sources of air pollution that play important role is wind distribution. After completion of the study, the new reference station for industrial areas is proposed in Perai to assist in policy making in order to control emission from industries activities.

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