Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam - Monograf

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Kajian ketepatan meter air mengikut jangka hayat meter
(2001-12-01)
Oo, Wah Tong
Penang Water Supply Corporation Private Limited has taken a few measures to improve its efficiency in the management of water supply. Several new departments and sections have been set up to handle some problems in water supply management. One of the newly formed sections, Water Lost Control Section under the Strategic Planning Department, is to handle the problem of non-revenue water (NRW). Among the strategies that have been taken to reduce the rate of NRW is the study regarding the contribution of meters inaccuracies in the water supply system to NRW so that a new policy and programme on meter change can be implemented to improve the overall accuracies of meters in the water supply system. For this purpose, a computerised meter testing programme has been carried out for meters recovered from premises of consumers through daily disconnections of water supply. From the meters tested, data concerning meter errors at several critical flow rates have been collected for a period of eight months. With further analysis of the data, the most economic meter change out period based on local water quality, consumption flow rate and water tariff structure has been established. Among the results obtained after thorough analysis of data collected are as follows:  Contribution of meter inaccuracy of 15 mm PSM meters to NRW is 2.3% for Penang Island.  The most economic life span of 15 mm PSM meter is five years. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that meter accuracy deteriorates with service life and the percentage error of meter in recording flow is higher at low flow rate compare with high flow rate.
Penggunaan proses penentuan air larian dalam manual saliran mesra alam (msma)
(2002-01-01)
Abdul Aziz, Nur Amalina
This research was done with the aim to design a stormwater runoff treatment process with the aid of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) application. The review is to study the Best Management Practices (BMP) system for stormwater management. The two different method, which are the application of the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) and ICT are capable of inventing an effective method to produce runoff water with the quality almost the same as with unpolluted runoff. The research was conducted limited only to areas with less than 80 acres which covers on-site areas and community areas. The process and treatment method applied in this research emphasize on safety issue and pollution problems that usually occurs. Recently, evaluation in terms of runoff water quality are more emphasized compared to the quantity which are to be brought out by the authority in 2005 (Abustan. I, 2001). Hence, the runoff water quality are more emphasized in every removal method. The three main menus which will be presented in this research is a recombined process capable of achieving the objective to remove the pollutants effectively and with a maximum result.
Kajian kemalangan di kawasan Bandar Baharu dan Nibong Tebal
(2002-02-01)
Awang, Mohd Irwan
The phenomenon of road accident in Malaysia now days become increase. The total of injuries and death cause of road accident also become increase year by year. The main causes were believed to be the human factors, surrounding factors, and also vehicle factors. Due to the accident, our country has lost about million ringgit every year. This included the lost of life, injuries, damages to the cars, the cost of medical and treatment and also the lost of employees. It also can effect the country development in long term if the road accident is still happen. The action must be taken to decrease the road accident in Malaysia to the minimum level. This report was discussed about the accidental study in area Bandar Baharu and Nibong Tebal. The accident data for year 1999 and 2000 were use in this study. The macro method was use for analyzed the data were collected. A few of dangerous location and accident factors were defined according to this analysis.
Steel bridge design
(2002-02-01)
Saad, Noor Aida , Ab Wahab, Mahyun , Ibrahim, Noor Azzali
Design of a bridge that using trusses to transfer the load to the embankment. The architecture concept is all about a bone of a dinosaur that have mention as the superstructure. In this context, we are relating the bone of the primate in the dinosaur era which has the ability to support its own weight. The massive bones of this creature are unique primarily when we refer to its backbones. The engineering concept that have we use is arch bridge. The trusses in the middle of the bridge will take the load and transfer it to the embankment. To make sure that the arch is stable we are using some more trusses to pull the arch to the piers. By using only steel as our materials, we do not have a lot of options to do. The arch and the trusses are using double C beams as the materials. Hence, the beams are using I beams. The problem of our design is the tensile in the trusses that pull the arch to the piers are high and the beams that are allowable to use are small. To solve this problem, we choose to make the length between the pier and the arch shorter than before to reduce the tensile and we use some series of arch below the bridge to make sure that the bridge can stand. So, by design this bridge we think that it is not an easy work to do as an engineer. We have to looking for all factors to make sure that our bridge will be build successfully.
Kajian penjanaan perjalanan lalulintas Taman Pekaka di Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang
(2002-02-01)
Mohd. Hashim, Hazrul
This report discusses and presents the result of a research entitled ‘Trip generation Study in Taman Pekaka’ at Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau Pinang. Study was carried out on every entering and exiting trip at the site. Data were collected on two types of day; a weekday and a public holiday. Methods used were; manual classified counts and through questionnaire. These two methods were used in order to establish the trips pattern and also to identify the peak hours of the flow. Questionnaire with residence were conducted especially to get the correlation between travel characteristics and the pattern of trips. Generally, the research shows that the amount of trip generation on the weekday is higher compared to the public holiday. Similar were also found for link haoses which was higher than other development both the public holiday and the weekday. The reason for this finding is discussed in the report. This research has also contributed to updating the Malaysian Trip Generation Manual especially for traffic in Taman Pekaka. Only one independent variable was identified, which is the number of house unit such as link houses, shop houses and semi-D houses. This research has achieved its objectives of providing addition data for the Malaysian Trip generation Manual while establishing the much valued trip pattern and travel bahaviour of Taman Pekaka users.
Kajian kebolehlaksanaan tebatan banjir dan saliran dalam kawasan pusat Bandar Parit Buntar, Daerah Kerian, Perak Darul Ridzuan
(2002-03-01)
Kevin, Christian Nair
Nowadays we heard that flood disaster has caused destruction to properties and also took the life of innocent people. Hence various drastic measures have being exclaimed by the government in order to put a stop to the problem, and of course it is up to Jabatan Saliran & Pengairan (JPS) and connected private body to implement any appropriate measures. As for that this final year project will involve research on the effectiveness of the drainage system to prevent flood in the area of Pusat Bandar Parit Buntar, Kerian District, Perak Darul Ridzuan. From the history of Parit Buntar, once occurred a massive flood which caused the destruction of thousand of crops, as a result from a pipe structure failure. In spite of that, with the help of Ampang Jajar to control the flow of water, that problem have being overcome successfully. However, flood may still occured at the upstream of Sungai Kerian especially during high tide or heavy rainfall. The purpose of this final year project is to gather any relevant data or information from which will be analysed with appropriate method. Hence, this report will be discuss about the method and alternatives that can be implemented in any future projects regarding on upgrading the drainage system in the project area, whether it is done by the district council or JPS, with hope that it may also benefits those who are involved directly or indirectly in preventing flood in our country.
Kajian pencemaran udara di kawasan Bandar Parit Buntar
(2002-04-01)
Ramli, Fauzi
Long time ago, pollution are not an important thing in our daily lifes. Even though is was not an issue in those times but in a few years back it was much talk about and is a hot issue. Pollution level in certain places are under control but at other places it is in a critical condition. Pollution problem is not only faced by developed country such as United States and Japan but also in countries that is developing. Fast paced developement especially after independence, polution is arising and in a worry state. With the increase of vehicles from year to year, air pollution has reach a serious state. To encounter this problem, for example, developed countries have change the use of petrol and diesel to battery as energy for vehicles. This is one of the steps taken to reduce pollution and to change the use of petrol that is depleting. Therefore, this report discuss a few things about pollution and will focus on air pollution in Parit Buntar. Furthermore, this report also disscusses on source of pollutions, it’s effects and mitigation steps taken to induce pollution. It is hoped that this report will give a good overview about pollution especially in Parit Buntar,Perak.
Penggunaan ujian teras mikro sebagai satu alternatif ujian konkrit di-situ
(2003-01-01)
Ismail, Shaiful Bahari
Nowadays, there is a various type of in-situ concrete test that has been use. The test that was normally used is compressive core test that obtained from the existing structure. From this test, concrete structures were drill to get the core sample to be tested to obtain the value of concrete strength. However, this testing had occur a lot of problem to the structure itself, so to avoid this problem a new alternative test had been research that will call the microcore test. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to get the relationship between microcore and standard cube strength, as a reference to estimate the concrete strength on site. In order to assess the applicability of the microcores tests to determine the concrete strength in existing structure, the experimental findings obtained from compressive test carried out on 150 microcores taken from various types of concrete are anylized. Then, the experimental findings of microcores are compared to those obtained on 30 test cubes. This study proves the excellent correlation between microcore and cube strength. Finally, all changes or information in preparing concrete sample will be stated as a very important research result according to previous research.
Kajian rekabentuk rumah banglo 2 tingkat menggunakan konkrit terubahsuai polimer lateks
(2003-04-01)
Benjamin, Luke Jetie
Every individual or family has a dream to buy a building or house that has nice scenery such as the area near the seaside. But, there are always a lot of problems if the building or house was built on this kind of area; especially the main problem is the surface of the concrete normally exposed of the seawater that contained a high level of chloride (salt). At this moment, this problem can be solved by using the Polymer Latex Modified Concrete (PLMC) as the patching for the damaged conventional concrete. However, most of the contractors are not really interested in using of PLMC fully in the construction of the structure because the cost quantity of using PLMC is higher than conventional concrete. In fact, this is not true because higher price is only at the beginning of construction, but not during the maintenance of the structure. PLMC is the best alternative especially involving of life cycle cost. The main objective of dissertation is to compare any changing quantity of rebar if using PLMC than conventional concrete and also comparing the price between these two kinds of the concretes. Both of this data are produced by designing the bungalow house as a model as the reference. The result shows that the using of PLMC giving the higher quantity of rebar and also the price rather than using the conventional concrete. This literature is important so that in the future, the using of PLMC would take the place of conventional concrete as a main construction material during the construction of any structures.
Kajian mengenalpasti kecacatan pada anggota struktur bangunan kayu sediada
(2004-01-01)
Chen, Fook Keong
This report concentrates on identifying structural wood’s defects and its causes base on species or strength group. Two existing wooden buildings namely Sungai Nal Railway Station, Kuala Krai and Pasir Puteh government Quarters were chosen as models for the study. The structural members inspected were rafters, beams, columns, joists and floorboards. In order to assist in the evaluation, maintenance and upgrading of wooden buildings to be more systematic and efficient, visual inspection and wood identification test were conducted to classify the defects and species. This case study also looks into the conventional method of repairs executed by the district, Jabatan Kerja Raya. Numerous methods of repairs and prevention used by the American Society of Civil Engineers were introduced in this study. The investigation revealed that Merbau, a natural durable hardwood, was the most popular species used in the olden days. The pattern of defects identified was almost the same even though the function, location, environment and maintenance were different. Water is the worst enemy of wood, making up 73% of the reason why wood deteriorates. Subterranean termites are among the highest as wood destroying agents. As a result, 70% of the defects can be prevented when the building is under service whereas the remaining 30% can be avoided during construction. Lastly, several recommendations including a simplified checklist were proposed for the enhancement of evaluation and rehabilitation of wooden structures.
Kajian kemapanan perkhidmatan feri di pulau pinang
(2004-01-01)
Md Nasir, Nurul ‘Ashikin
Penang ferry is one of the modes of transportation used to traverse between Penang and Seberang Perai. However this service has become less popular after the construction of the Penang Bridge in 1985. The objective of this research is to review the current ferry service, to identify the challenges from present and future competitor which are the Penang Bridge and the Penang Second Link in the future and also to determine whether this service can sustain itself in the future. For this research, primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data are obtained by distributing questionnaire and through interview. The result from this research shows that this service are losing money in its daily operation and facing decreasing number of passenger. If this situation does not improve, the sustainability of the Penang ferry services will be affected. The suggestion to upgrade the current ferry service to make it faster and to build a business center at the ferry terminal should be considered carefully to make sure that this service will become the passengers’ choice. Without this alternative suggestion, the ferry service is not expected to survive and continue its daily operation.
Kesan saiz butiran pasir dan taburan saiz butiran pasir terhadap kekuatan ricih pasir
(2004-01-01)
Khoo, Choon Bon
This paper describes a series of experiments to determine shear strength for sands with various grainsize and grainsize distributions. Besides getting the shear strength value, other parameters value for sands are also determined for each grainsize and grainsize distribution. In the laboratory, test using direct shear method using shear test equipment verifies that sands with the largest grainsize and sands with grainsize more well graded give the highest shear strengths. Based on the results, the type of grainsize distribution and the type of grainsize which give more shear strength are proposed to provide for better fill material in the field.
Penggunaan ujian tanpa musnah ke atas struktur kayu
(2004-03-01)
Tan, Poh Soon
The Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods such as rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity technique are used to study the suitability of these NDT methods to assess the structural integrity of timber elements. Two types of timber with different strength were selected from Table 3: Strength groups of timber in MS 544: Part 2: 2001, “Code of Practice for Structural Use of Timber: Part 2: Permissible Stress Design of Solid Timber”, Malaysian Standard to be assessed. Five samples from each type of timber were prepared to obtain the mean value of each test and to differentiate between both tests. Moisture content in each sample of timber was measured throughout both tests which been carried out. Rebound number across the grain is bigger than rebound number along the grain for both types of timber. The value of rebound number increased with the increasing of the strength of tested timber. Ultrasonic pulse velocity along the grain is faster than ultrasonic pulse velocity across the grain for both types of timber. Ultrasonic pulse velocity also increased with the increasing of the strength of tested timber. Ultrasonic pulse velocity along the grain gave a good correlation with compression strength parallel to grain for both types of timber. Rebound Number across the grain gave a good correlation with compression strength parallel to grain. The combination of detail information from rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity is required to predict the compression strength parallel to grain of timber.
Keupayaan penyusupan
(2005-01-01)
Mohd Nor Saidi, Nasruddien
In this research, the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia has proposed a concept by Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) to implement the infiltration method for controlling the quantity and quality of surface runoff. The purposed of using this infiltration method is to reduce the volume of surface runoff and eliminate the flood problems in major cities. The location is around the Butterworth area which is in zone 1 and zone 2. The result shows that well graded soil will increase the infiltration rate. The double ring infiltrometer test, sieve analysis and falling head permeability test is use to determine the value of infiltration coefficient, soil properties and permeability coefficient. By using the disturbed soil sample, experiment and data analysis will be done to relate the relationship between infiltration and permeability coefficient. All the factor that has been assumed in this project will be determine also. Finally, a mapping soil according to infiltration coefficient will be established for development purpose in Butterworth. This mapping will also be compare with engingeering campus map depend on infiltratin index.
Kajian kes ke atas masalah kecacatan dan keretakan konkrit di empangan hidroelektrik stesen janaelektrik chenderoh
(2005-02-01)
Kasim, Mohd Yusof
Construction industry in Malaysia today is developing very rapid .We are moving towards a developed country in the twenty first century. In spite of the vast concrete usage where new projects are being implemented, there are still a lot of weaknesses such as the failure or deterioration of a concrete structure. Whenever a concrete structure fails to perform, a big amount of money has to be spent in order to replace or to rectify it. Tenaga Nasional Berhad ( TNB ) as one of the biggest power producer in Malaysia, having all the links of hydro electric power plants is also facing the same problems for their concrete structure. Through this case study on the defects and cracking of concrete at the Chenderoh Hydro Electric Power Station, the most common factors for concrete failure at service such as weakness during construction, chemical attacks, carbonation, geology and geographical factors or even the raw materials used will be known. Cracks width are being monitored every month for a certain period. From the data collected, studies has been carried out and found that the cracking of the concrete structures are mainly due to drying shrinkage or thermal cracking and needs rehabilitation in order to prolong its service with ease and safe.
Kajian tren pemilikan kereta di Malaysia
(2005-02-01)
Thong, Wei Yung
Drastic urbanization can caused flash flood in certain area. It could increased the imperviouse area and the runoff during the heavy rain. The existing conventional drainage system could not longer coped with the drastic urbanization. So, a new urban stormwater management manual has been introduce by Department of Irigation and Drainage to be implemented in the country;s development sector. It has ben used to analysed and designed an effective drainage system which would control the waterflow quantity and water quality within the catchment area. Futher more, studies have been done in Sungai Senam drainage system and afw other areas in Ipoh truck with flash floods will be implement this urban strormwater management manual in order to evaluate and find the cause of these flash flood problem. Few prevention are rcommended in order to overcome the flash flood. Data obtained such as invert level, flood level, ground level and existing size of drainage system are based on survey work which have been done at field. Hydraulic analysis for sungai senam catchment done are based on the manning;s equation, graft and table in this manual and it’s results obtained will be analysed and evaluated for next study purposes.
Usm new hostel (desasiswa tekun) slope stability studies
(2005-02-01)
Awang Redzuan, Awang Zaideladha
The aim of this study is to utilize the GIS techniques for slope instability assessment and prediction in the University Sains Malaysia main campus new hostel area, in the Penang State, peninsular Malaysia. GIS, can assist in terms of speeding up processing and moreover in the hazard zonation and prediction assessment. Nowadays, the problems of slope failure have become more serious. High speed development without hesitation and doubt to build a structure on hill due to the shortage of lands for certain countries contributed to the increasing of slope failure case. By this reason, the work of maintenance for reduce the slope failure become more important nowadays, so the system are needed for some person such as consultant, contractor, developer and government to prevent the slope from fail effectively. The research of project has a purpose to produce a system which can help to reduce the risk to slope failure by using ERDAS Imagine Version 8.3. Few steps already be recognize in this research such as data collection, confirm type of data which used to analysis the slope stability and system monitoring. The results are produced in images and these images should show the factor of safety for the entire area of a hill. From these maps, we can know and define the danger zones on a hill. The result of analysis would be check by using Slope/W for determined the effectiveness of system. These software are user friendly and they can be used to do so many spatial analysis and others. Hopefully in this project, the methodology of analyzing slope stability using these two programs can be beneficial to those who are interested in doing slope stability analysis.
Kajian terhadap masalah banjir di sungai senam,ipoh berpandukan manual saliran mesra alam
(2005-02-01)
Mohd Radzi, Ridza'uddin
Drastic urbanization can caused flash flood in certain area. It could increased the imperviouse area and the runoff during the heavy rain. The existing conventional drainage system could not longer coped with the drastic urbanization. So, a new urban stormwater management manual has been introduce by Department of Irigation and Drainage to be implemented in the country;s development sector. It has ben used to analysed and designed an effective drainage system which would control the waterflow quantity and water quality within the catchment area. Futher more, studies have been done in Sungai Senam drainage system and afw other areas in Ipoh truck with flash floods will be implement this urban strormwater management manual in order to evaluate and find the cause of these flash flood problem. Few prevention are rcommended in order to overcome the flash flood. Data obtained such as invert level, flood level, ground level and existing size of drainage system are based on survey work which have been done at field. Hydraulic analysis for sungai senam catchment done are based on the manning;s equation, graft and table in this manual and it’s results obtained will be analysed and evaluated for next study purposes.
Kaedah olahan fizikal menggunakan campuran media zeolit dan batu kapur dalam menyingkirkan cod dan warna dari larut lesapan semi-aerobik tapak pelupusan pulau burung
(2005-03-01)
Ramli, Rohalina
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and color are among the main leachate parameter that may pollute the environment. There are limited studies in Malaysia on leachate treatment, especially by adsorption. Biological and chemical treatments are costly and to date no prove has been reported on their ability to achieve the standard. Previous research has indicated that physical treatments by using charcoal and limestone were capable of attenuating leachate pollution. This present research was carried to study the efficiency of physical treatment by using a mixture of both zeolites and limestone to remove color and COD in leachate generated from Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS). The mixture between limestone and zeolite is advantageous as the cost of limestone is cheaper. Batch studies were conducted in laboratory to analyze the optimum shaking and settling times, shaking speed (rpm), optimum mixture of both materials (zeolites and limestone), isotherms and the adsorption mechanism. By using two hours of shaking and settling times, shaking speed of 300 rpm, the results showed that the combination of both zeolites and limestone at a mixture ratio of 25 : 15 was able to remove 15 % COD and 50 % color from leachate. Adsorption isotherm gave the values of 1/n and kf for COD as 11.292 and 2124, respectively while the values of 1/n and kf for color were -2.2232 and 10x10-6, respectively. Results also indicated that the removal of COD and color was due to chemical sorption, following the pseudo second order kinetic with R2 values for COD and color 0.937 and 0.9927, respectively.
Pengurusan kecacatan bangunan kediaman kos rendah yang telah siap dibina dan kesannya ke atas penghuni di daerah seberang perai selatan
(2005-03-01)
Azizan, Muhammad Hafiz
Housing defect is something that has been discussed all the time. Any building that has been built is likely to have this kind of defects. Newspapers, journals, books on building defects are the most likely sources of information and news on these issues. The topic is Defects Management to Low Cost Housing that have been built and its effects to the residents in the district of Seberang Perai Selatan (SPS). The defects of low cost houses will be describe in possible way, from the cause of defects, types of defects and to solve the problems. The research will identify the principal defects, like roofs, windows, floors, walls etc to prevent and eliminate the future defects. . The research will also identify the nature of the defects, emphasis on affecting of a building and its associates, and also give guidance to aid in correct diagnosis or remedy. This thesis will also talk about stress. Stress is all about feeling, how the residents feel, handle their tension, the feel of anxiety, getting panic, conducting their pressure, and the implication to their routine. The other topic is about the certificate of fitness, or CF and the story is mainly about how the certificate will be given to the residents. Finally, the aim of the research is to give important ideas and knowledge for the occupants of low cost houses in Seberang Perai Selatan to implement the defects of their house. . There is also a need for greater knowledge of how buildings and their elements behave.

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