Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis
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Browsing Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis by Type "master thesis"
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- Publication8 Bit Cmos Hybrid Digital-To-Analog Converter For Bluetooth Low Energy Application(2019-03)Rosli, AliaIn the bluetooth low energy implementation, the digital-to-analog converters act as the bridge gap between digital signal processing chips, and power amplifiers that transmit analog signals. This thesis presents the design of a hybrid Digital-lo-Analog Converter( DAC) intended for RF transmitter in 2.45 GHz Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) application by using CMOS 180 nm technology. The hybrid DAC design strategy is based on iterative scheme whose variables are adjusted in a simple way, minimizing the power consumption as well as area and also meeting the design specifications.
- PublicationA Study On Detecting The Presence Of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Using Artificial Neural Network Based On Electronic Sensor Data(2012-09)Chandaran, UmadeviSulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are nonpathogenic and anaerobic bacteria (cannot grow with the presence of oxygen). SRB can produce enzyme to accelerate the reduction of sulfate compounds to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that corrodes metal. There are a few methods of detecting SRB such as laboratory analysis and field test kit but the procedures are costly and take longer time, whereby the detection period can reach more than 12 hours. This research is a study on the possibility of using electronic sensor to detect SRB. A few experiments are carried out using medium with nutrient agar inside 28 ml universal bottle to determine the presence of SRB. The sensors that are used in this research are H2S gas sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor. Data in the form of voltage, temperature and humidity from these sensors are collected and stored in a personal computer (PC). These data are analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the coefficient of determination for SRBs' growth. Results show that voltage from H2S sensor and temperature from temperature sensor contribute to the presence of SRB.
- PublicationAn Efficient Surface Mapping Technique Using Laser Triangulation For Image Recontruction(2003-05)Tjio Hok HooAn image acquisition system, which is used to capture 2-D images of object/scene for 3-D image reconstruction, is developed based on triangulation technique. The system consists of three devices, i.e. B/W CCO camera, laser diode and rotary table. These devices are placed in such a way that a triangle is formed. A grating line, which has a width of one pixel, is mounted in front of the laser diode. The purpose of the grating line is to project a stripe line on the surface of the object/scene. In this research, the positions of the camera and the laser diode are fixed. In order to acquire sufficient information for 3-D image reconstruction, the object/scene is rotated 360° about the azimuth of the rotary table. At every 15°, the rotary table is paused and a reflected image of the object is captured by the camera. Therefore, 24 different images are recorded in one complete rotation.
- PublicationAn Experimental Study Of Oscillating Subboundary Layer Vortex Generators Application On A Wing'S Flap(2014-12)Hussin, FauziFlow control to suppress the boundary layer separation over the wmg can dramatically improve the performance of most aircraft in the take-off and lancling flight regime. Previous aerodynamic experiments and computations have indicated that unsteady excitation produced by the oscillating sub boundary layer vortex generators (SBVGs) can delay boundary layer separation and wing stall more effectively than steady flow perturbations generated by passive SBVGs. Preliminary aerodynamic experiments have been performed to evaluate the effects of both passive and oscillating SBVGs on the wing of Eagle 150B with a single slotted flap at deflection angle of 38°. Four sets of co rotating, delta shaped vane type SBVGs have been installed near to the leading edge of the flap. In addition, oscillating SBVGs were designed to oscillate in three different frequencies (0.5Hz, 1.2Hz and I. 7Hz). Baseline (No VGs), passive and oscillating SBVGs were tested at three different Reynolds numbers (Re=6.21 x lOS, Re=7.3xIOs and Re=8.4xIOs) and the aerodynamic characteristics were obtained using six-component balance instrument. For the baseline case (No VGs), its lift and drag characteristic at Reynolds number of 8.4x lOS and angle of attack of 26° varies with the theoretical data by 50% and 26.38%, respectively.
- PublicationAnalysis Of Plastic Encapsulation Process In 3D IC Package With Through-Silicon Via (Tsv) Technology(2013-02)Ong, Ern SeangThrough-silicon via (TSV) technology has been an emerging technology to 3D heterogeneous system integration through vertical interconnection. This promising technology enables smaller footprints, reduced signal delay, shorter interconnections, lower power consumption and higher integration density as compared to the existing 2D planar system integration and 3D IC with wire bonds. Despite all the benefits, there are still many challenges ahead for this technology to be both technically and economically viable. Plastic encapsulation process is one of the critical challenges in the continual shrinking of TSV diameter, wafer thickness and microbump pitch. In this thesis, both experimental and numerical approaches are used to study the plastic encapsulation process in 3D IC package with TSV. The objectives of this research include establishing feasible methods to analyze flow front advancement, pressure distribution, velocity profile and curing rate of epoxy molding compound during encapsulation process.
- PublicationBottleneck simulation in mems manufacturing process(2021-12-01)Jamil, Azrul HaniedyThe rate of increase of consumer demands and global competition between companies forced the industry to increase productivity by increasing the production capacity to meet the monthly throughput demand. The presence of a bottleneck is common theme faced by every industry that will reduce the throughput of a machine. Thus, to increase the throughput while at the same time reducing the impact bottleneck, one needs to look for the best model to accurately represent the production process. In this thesis, the utilization rate and machine capacity for the manufacturing system of different topologies simulation; that includes series and parallel framework, taken in consideration the bottleneck in the workstation being studied. By building the simulation model of the production line, the bottleneck process can be monitor and analyse in the simulation to use it to reduce the impact of bottleneck. Scheduling in the simulation model integrated in the model for the propose of obtaining the accuracy between simulated result and the actual production result with deviation differences below than 10% for controlling the bottleneck, thus, increasing machine utilization rate and meet the targeted results based on the capacity planning.
- PublicationDevelopment Of Intelligent Classifier And Estimator For Tualang Honey Purity(2014-08)Subari, NorazianHoney is a natural substance well-known as supplement for maintaining good health. It is also useful as an ingredient in medicine. However, the market price of pure honey is expensive, causing irresponsible parties to adulterate pure honey by adding various sugar substances. It is very challenging to come out with a suitable method to prove the presence of adulterants in honey products. Most previous studies involved close data observation from experts that is time-consuming. This research proposes the development of intelligent classifier to aid the task of differentiating pure honey from adulterated ones. Besides intelligent classifier, this research has also developed an intelligent estimator for the purpose of giving a percentage estimation of pure honey that exists in adulterated honey sample. The pure honey classifier and estimator are developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach: Ten types of pure honey from different brands and sugar compounds have been used to prepare various pure and adulterated honey (at different percentages of pure honey) samples.
- PublicationFunctionality and validation of electron temperature & density probe (tenep) for mysat(2022-04-01)Abdul Latif, Muhammad AadamMalaysia Youth Satellite (MYSAT) is a scientific 1U CubeSat project initiated by the School of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2016. The objective of the MYSAT mission is to measure accurate electron temperature and density in the E-layer of the ionosphere by a CubeSat. This mission is driven by a study that reported that earthquake precursors could be analysed from the ionosphere. One of the common features shown from ionosphere data measurement from several earthquakes is the electron density. MYSAT, a CubeSat based on a 1U platform, could contribute to this ongoing research by developing a device that measures the floating potential shift (𝛥𝑉f) characteristics of an electrode immersed in plasma. The 𝛥𝑉f characteristic of the plasma will then be retrieved from the device where the plasma’s electron temperature (𝑇e) together with the density (𝑁e) can be acquired. Hence, an already developed Electron Temperature and Density Probe (TeNeP) system design based on a 2U platform has been investigated its functionality and validated for MYSAT’s 1U based platform. A CMRR validation, amplifier gain measurement and 𝑇e simulation testing using germanium diode and resistor have been conducted to analyse the performance of the developed TeNeP. The results give the average value of 𝑇e = 2930 K with floating potential ratio R = 3.05. The values have been proven to be reliable by comparing it with the curve of floating potential ratio against 𝑇e. TeNeP circuit is then ready for probe impedance test and prepared for flight model testing in the plasma chamber.
- PublicationHardware Implementation Of Artificial Neural Network On FPGA For Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria(2014-03)Tan, Earn TzehThe study presents a preliminary design of a classification system to detect the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The thesis focuses on the development of artificial neural network (ANN) model 10 recognize the presence of SRB in a sample based on the sensors responses. Two sensors are implemented in this study, TGS 825 and SI-IT 75. The sensors responses from preliminary experimental works show that presence of SRI) in a sample give a significant effect on the concentration level of hydrogen sulphide (1-I2S) and temperature. The statements are proved by the two-sample T-test analysis, where the null hypotheses are rejected. The data collected data from the experiments form the training dataset of ANN. The ANN is trained with back propagation algorithm in Matlab and the classification results show that the ANN model promises a good performance with 100% prediction accuracy to classify a sample into two groups, either with SRB or without SRB.
- PublicationIntelligent Color Vision System For Ripeness Classification Of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch(2015-01)Fadilah, NorasyikinRipeness classification of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) during harvesting is important to ensure that they are harvested at the optimum stage for maximum oil production. Current harvesting methods based on observing the number of loose fruits on ground and the color of the fruits using human vision lead to subjective evaluation, laborious work, and low quality oil. Therefore, this research focuses on the development of an automated system with the ability to process the image of oil palm FFB and determine its ripeness category. The system consists of an image acquisition system, image processing component and oil palm FFB classification system. Images of oil palm FFBs of type DxP Yangambi are acquired using an IP camera which is attached to the end of a pole and connected to a computer via the RJ45 cable. The images are collected and analyzed using digital image processing techniques. k-means clustering algorithm is used to segment the image into two separate regions which are fruit and spike regions. Then, the color features of the fruit region are extracted from the images and used as inputs to an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model learning algorithm.
- PublicationLow Ripple Charge Pump Based Voltage Regulator For Low Voltage Application(2014-04)Lee Fu, NewIn power supply systems, charge pump circuits are typically cascaded with low dropout (LOO) regulator to suppress systematic noise and to provide low noise output. By providing lower output ripple voltage from charge pump circuit, input voltage ripple (noise) can be reduced first before it is fed into LOO and hence a more stable supply voltage can be generated from LOO. In this project, a new low voltage CMOS charge pump circuit which offers lower output ripple voltage is proposed. The newly proposed charge pump circuit is formed by the combination of cross-coupled charge pump circuit and the Charge-Transfer-Switch (CTS) control schemes. It has eliminated the backward leakage current of cross-couple charge pump circuit, which eventually gives smaller output ripple voltage and hence, a more stable output voltage.
- PublicationPendekatan Baharu Penapis Median Pensuisan Untuk Pengurangan Hingar Impuls Tahap Rendah Pada Imej Digital(2014-06)Suid, Mohd HelmiPenggunaan informasi visual berasaskan imej digital telah mendapat perhatian yang begitu meluas kerana ciri-cirinya yang fleksibel dan mudah untuk dimanipulasi. Namun, imej digital yang menjadi input asas kepada sesuatu sistem aplikasi sering dicemari oleh hingar. Antara jenis hingar yang lazimnya terdapat pada imej digital ialah hingar impuls. Oleh itu, dua jenis penapis baharu berasaskan skim pensuisan untuk penyingkiran hingar impuls pada imej digital telah diperkenalkan. Kedua-dua penapis ini yang dinamakan sebagai penapis Median Pensuisan Statistik Dwigelongsor (Dual Sliding Statistics Swi/ching Median filter (MPSDG)) dan penapis Median Pensuisan Hibrid Mahir (Adroit Hybrid Swi/ching Median filter (MPHM) adalah penapis dua-peringkat yang terbahagi kepada peringkat pengesanan hingar serta penapisan hingar. Dalam kaedah MPSDG, pengesanan hingar dilaksanakan terlebih dahulu dengan memproses statistik tetingkap pengesan setempat dalam susunan teratur dan tidak teratur secara serentak. Kemudian, median perbezaan mutlak yang diperolehi daripada statistik kedua-dua tetingkap akan digunakan bagi mengklasifikasikan piksel hingar yang wujud.
- PublicationPower grid reliability enhancement considering the thermal and load constraints for effective ageing management(2022-05-01)Khoo, Wei ChiehGrid network congestions caused by high demand of power and the integration of renewable energy sources can be greatly managed with appropriate Demand Response (DR) programs and Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR) improvement. DR and DTR consistently improves line ratings to the maximum using the selected conductor temperature. The first research study proposes a methodology to optimise the use of average demand loss in a power system and its duration for line rating enhancement and load curve modification. During the optimisation, the proposed method aims to minimise demand loss and line ageing due to elevated conductor temperatures. The considered lines are operated with DTR and same conductor physical properties. The simulation of line failures considers the loading of the line and the remaining service life of the conductor. Various trade-offs between the ageing and reliability of the network are solved based on the two-objective non-sorting genetic algorithm and fuzzy decision-making method. Results have shown that the proposed method is cost-effective in that it causes significantly less line ageing by increasing load losses slightly due to the inverse relationship between network reliability and ageing. It was noted that at 7% and 21% ETNA drops slightly before flatting out in S4 and S2, respectively. However, beyond these points, enough line rating limits are unlocked to share the uprating burden to cause ETNA to decrease slightly before flatting out when the entire proportion of (𝐶𝑃𝑏) has been used for line uprating. The result indicates that S4 induces less ageing than S2 within any particular exceedance level by 68.2% on average. This means that S4, based on our proposed methodology, allows higher line capacity with significant lower ageing risk.