Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 141

An Efficient Surface Mapping Technique Using Laser Triangulation For Image Recontruction
(2003-05)
Tjio Hok Hoo
An image acquisition system, which is used to capture 2-D images of object/scene for 3-D image reconstruction, is developed based on triangulation technique. The system consists of three devices, i.e. B/W CCO camera, laser diode and rotary table. These devices are placed in such a way that a triangle is formed. A grating line, which has a width of one pixel, is mounted in front of the laser diode. The purpose of the grating line is to project a stripe line on the surface of the object/scene. In this research, the positions of the camera and the laser diode are fixed. In order to acquire sufficient information for 3-D image reconstruction, the object/scene is rotated 360° about the azimuth of the rotary table. At every 15°, the rotary table is paused and a reflected image of the object is captured by the camera. Therefore, 24 different images are recorded in one complete rotation.
Design and development of an intelligent battery charger station
(2009-03-01)
Teoh, Wee Wee
This thesis presents the design and development of an intelligent battery charger for simultaneous charging of four NiMH batteries. It is designed to satisfy the demands of high current and fast charge applications such as electrical vehicles which use batteries as the electrical source energy. The purpose of this design is to provide an efficient charging algorithm using a microcontroller PIC16F877 in order to protect against overcharging and reduce the recharging time. This design includes the discharging function. In this design, the control and supervision of the whole charging process is entrusted to a microcontroller, which able to find out the initial battery state , decide the fit way to charge the battery (in order to ensure a long cycle-life) and determine when the charge process must be finished. The proposed design provides multiple charging current options with automated selection of optimum charging rate for the battery being charged. The charging algorithm is programmed in the PIC16F877 by using PIC Basic Pro. There are four basic charging algorithm used in this charger: slow (10%C), soft (20%C), fast (55%C) and trickle (4%C). The experimental results obtained show that the charger is functioning properly with the state defined in the microcontroller. The current regulation is successfully done by using PWM control. The accurate termination of fast charging cycle and safe charging of batteries demonstrate the reliable functioning of the proposed design. The charging and discharging curve obtained is almost the same as stated in the theoretical characteristic. The charging time to charge the battery from empty to full is almost two hours. The battery voltage at the end of charging cycle obtained is around 1.38V/battery. The fast charge cycle bring the battery to approximately 90% of the full charge condition. The implementation of design’s objective is fulfilled and is supported by experimental results.
Development of behaviour-based mobile robot for goal seeking and obstacle navigation
(2009-03-01)
Oo, Cheng Hoe
In the field of robotic, there are some concerns that always grab the world attention which are the motion planning and control problem. Both of them will finally decide the collision-free trajectories for a robot in static or dynamic environments which may have many unknown obstacle around while seeking the goal. Thus this report describes the development of a behavior-based mobile robot for the obstacle navigation and goal seeking. The subsumption architecture will be utilized with the obstacle avoidance having higher priority over goal seeking. In fact, there are many possible obstacles that may keep the robot wandering around aimlessly seeking the goal. One of its main problems is local minimum problem which keep robot trapping in a corner. Owing to simplicity, wall following will be the better solution for that case. Beside that, a deadlock is also consideration in this paper. In the nutshell, the report will discuss all possible obstacles that may exist in the real world. However the goal seeking feature still has flaw when it is combined with the obstacle avoidance. Besides that, the designed robot will act as leader guiding the other robots which are the followers to avoid the obstacle around while searching the goal. This is called the leader-following.
Harmonic effect on a three-phase induction motor performance
(2009-04-01)
Hj Ab Rashid, Mohd Hafizi
Three phase induction motor are by far the most widely used in industry, they popular in industry because they are more economical, last longer, and required less maintenance than other type of motor. Due to the increase application of drive motor like variable voltage drives, today's power systems are rich of harmonic content. A high harmonic content may affect the performance of the motor and could become a concern in the field. This research presents the effect of voltage distortion on three-phase induction motor performance with light load condition. In this research, three-phase full-wave controller (AC controller) acts as the harmonic source. A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor is tested by using different value of percentage 𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑣 from 0% t0 10%. From this research, it founded that the torques for each harmonic is quite small compared to rated torque, it only 0.15% from its fundamental value. They are alternately negative and positive for the harmonics listed in ascending order, and the net torque is a negligibly small negative torque. When 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑣 increase more than 5%, the torque motor drop more than 1% from the fundamental torque (for squirrel cage induction motor). The harmonic slip is close to one. The speed of induction motor is affected only about 0.07% from its fundamental speed when 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑣 are more than 5%.
Development of a simple mobile determination system for potential drug in natural product based on artificial neural network
(2009-04-01)
Tan, Bee Ling
The purpose of this project is to develop a mobile determination system of potential drug in natural product based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The project is divided into 2 parts. The first part is to find the most suitable neural network to be implemented in the potential drug determination system. This project compares the performance among the conventional Multilayered Perceptron (MLP) network trained with Back Propagation (BP), Levenberg Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization (BR) learning algorithms and the Hybrid Multilayered Perceptron (HMLP) network trained with Modified Recursive Prediction Error (MRPE) learning algorithm. The performance analysis is carried out based on the determination accuracy. The HMLP network with the MRPE algorithms obtained the best performance with accuracy of 82.03% as compared to that of the MLP network trained with BP, LM and BR with accuracy 78.56%, 80.47% and 81.25% respectively. Thus, the HMLP network is implemented in the potential drug determination system. The second part integrates the determination system in web based. The user need to login to the web site and register as a new user. After verified the email and passwords, the user can use the potential drug determination system and view the result from result page. Overall, this project has successfully developed a mobile system which can determine the potential drug of the natural product based on ANN.
Location mapping system with tracking capabilities using rfid (radio frequency identification
(2009-04-01)
Sarti, Siti Safurah
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the most recent technologies being deployed in many industry and organization such as hospital nowadays. World depends on it to do the tracking and tracing objects. RFID tools like tag and reader can be programmed to track and trace the object at the moment. This project actually is Location Tracking System, which is one of the application that introducing by RFID system. This system used Real Time Location System (RLTS) concept to find the location and coordinate of the objects at the moment. To determine the location and coordinates (x,y) for the tag, the reader is decided as the origin, (0,0). This system also used Visual Basic 6.0 software as programming software to display any result on the screen. Mantis II (433MHz) Active Reader used as reader in this project. This reader functionally at frequency 433MHz, so that the tag that used also the active tag which also functionally at frequency 433MHz. This system didn‟t operate properly because the algorithm should be improved.
Design and implementation of autonomous autopiloted aerial vehicle platform
(2009-04-01)
Mohamad, Ahmad Ashraf
The control of a helicopter is complex, and includes the interaction of forces and the balancing of them. Although a stable condition can be achieved with sophisticated control system, good mechanical design can reduce the problem of instability of a helicopter. One of the designs is the coaxial types of blade system. Nevertheless, a good control system is still needed since a helicopter control involves many parameters. The PIC16F876A microcontroller has been used to measured the input from sensor, do the calculation and control the actuators (two DC motors and two servos). In this project, ultrasonic sensor is used to control the height of the platform. The implementation of a control system such as PID will increase the efficiency of the system. Implementation shows that the coaxial helicopter is able to fly in control condition but more adjustment needs to be made to make it more stable.
Artificial neural network for gas-oil flow pattern recognition using capacitance tomography data
(2009-04-01)
Tan, Kim Leng
The technique to recognize the oil and gas flow pattern in a pipe is needed in the oil and gas industry to monitoring the condition of the oil and gas pipe system. Any mistake or malfunction may lead to serious loss and endanger the workers and environments. Generally there are lots of flow pattern such as Empty, Full, Stratified, Bubble, Core and Annular. The Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) technique is used to take the cross sectional data of the pipe. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is used to recognize the flow patterns. This project uses the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) as the ANNs model. The MLP is trained, validated, and tested with the ECT data. The ECT data is divided into three groups, training, validation, and testing. The Matlab software is used to build the MLP architecture. The learning algorithms used for this project is the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms and the Quasi-Newton algorithms. Result show that trained MLP is able to give a percentage of accuracy of 99.102% in oil and gas flow pattern recognition. This shows that the MLP is suitable to be used in the oil and gas flow pattern recognition.
Ka-band up-converter design
(2009-04-01)
Mohd Roslan, Norul Shahada
This dissertation presents an approach of designing ka-band up-converter which is a combination between coupler, mixer and bandpass filter. The type of mixer that had been design is Branchline Mixer with a Schottky Barrier diode which is DMK2790. The filter and the mixer are designed at 38 GHz; while the mixer can be operate in the range of 26.5 GHz until 40 GHz. The reason of constructing the mixer is to develop an application in wireless and radar systems in Ka band frequency since most of the communications nowadays are congested in very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF). The design for mixer and filter had been done by using Advanced Design System (ADS) software from Agilent Technology. The performance of the mixer simulation is focused based on different characteristics which are its conversion loss, RF/LO power and harmonics balance. After finishing fabricating, both of them were measured and the results were compared between the simulations and measurement results. Based on microstrip technology, the fabricated circuits sizes were approximately 2cm x 2 cm and made-up using Duroid pcb type. Although the new generation of Ka-band systems is built to support higher bandwidth at lower cost, there is still some problem associated with latency, the half-second delay created when signal travel to and from satellite. Various acceleration technologies mitigate the impact of that delay on protocols and some applications, but for anything that depends on real-time communications, particularly voice and Internet gaming, the satellite delay will be noticeable. The only way to know how applications will perform under high latency conditions isto test them. Based on the result the Ka-Band Up-Converter is successfully working at 38 GHz. Mixer and bandpass filter can be operated at 38GHz.
Implementation of motion estimation and motion compensation using block matching algorithms for video coding
(2009-04-01)
Tan, Sin Peng
A motion estimation and compensation algorithm for video compression is implemented using MATLAB software. In this project, two types of block matching algorithm (BMA) have been developed that is the Exhaustive Search (ES) and Three Step Search (TSS). In this approach, the current frame of a video sequence is divided into a matrix of macro blocks that are then compared with corresponding block and its adjacent neighbors in the previous frame to find the motion vector that stipulates the movement of a macro block from one location to another in the previous frame. This movement calculated for all the macro blocks comprising a frame, constitutes the motion estimated in the current frame. A motion compensated image for the current frame is then created that is built of blocks of image from the previous frame. The matching of one macro block with another is based on the output of a cost function. The macro block that results in the least cost is the one that matches the closest to current block. From thesimulation results obtained, ES has a better PSNR performance compared with the TSS. The average search point per macro block for ES is also computed and the value is almost 9 times of that of the TSS. TSS technique proved to be the better BMA since it has a significantly smaller computation time with its PSNR performance almost the same as the ES.
Fpga hardware implementation of neuro-fuzzy algorithm for mobile robot autonomous navigation
(2009-04-01)
Chan, Zhi Wei
Navigation and obstacle avoidance are some of the important tasks or mission deployed and accomplished by an autonomous mobile robot. The objective of this project is to design an obstacle avoidance program for mobile robot that incorporates a neuro-fuzzy algorithm which will be implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board. To generate collision-free path for mobile robot, a proper motion planning is needed. Implementation of software and hardware system can be done by using Altera Quartus® II design software, System-on-programmable-chip (SOPC) Builder, Nios® II Integrated Design Environment (IDE) software, and FPGA development and education board (DE2). Simulation and weight training process is tested by using Nios® II IDE software. Ultrasonic sensor is used as the sensing element for the mobile robot while servo motor is used as the actuator for the mobile robot. The result shows that the neuro-fuzzy algorithm is successfully implemented into the FPGA development board and the mobile robot build are able to communicate with the FPGA development board to avoid obstacle.
Gas pressure recognition in vacuum interrupter based on partial discharge using neural network
(2009-04-01)
Harianto, Buddy
The gas pressure of vacuum interrupter will be increased after 20-30 years in services. When it exceed 10 Pa, partial discharge may occur and lead to an interruption failure. Measures have to be taken to detect and recognize the phenomenon to avoid serious failure to the vacuum interrupter as well as the operation system. In this work, the gas pressure level recognition in vacuum interrupter is presented based on an artificial neural network framework. More specifically, this work used a multi-layer perceptron neural network for gas pressure recognition. All the input of the raw data comes from experimental works based on measurement of partial discharge light intensity using photomultiplier tube. In this experiment, the output of the raw data was generated based on different gas pressure level. Through this raw data, input feature extraction was done to reduce the training time required for the neural process model. A multilayer feedforward neural network with single hidden layer was used as the neural network architecture. The recognition was based on the different pattern generated between each gas pressure level. The network was trained in MATLAB software using batch training function. After a series of training, the model performance evaluation was carried out to determine the ‘error’. An optimum network configuration was determined the network that produced the minimal error respect to the training and testing. The recognition rate of the developed neural network was higher than the existing neural network system. As a result, the system shows the higher percentage of pattern recognition of 95% which is able to classify gas pressure level in the vacuum interrupter. .
Development of a power saving system for underwater vehicle
(2009-04-01)
Yusoff, Mohd Ariff Redza
Nowadays, power uses age is very import in our modern world. Most of the power systems are using petroleum as the base. In this project, light will be the source of energy. In conventional ways, light will be converting to electrical energy using solar panel then transfer to load circuit using copper wire. This project transfer energy from ground to underwater, so it use fiber optic as a medium to transfer energy from ground to underwater. This project choose fiber optic because of two factor, first because it safe for underwater creature and the ability of the fiber optic itself. If the copper wire is use, it will transfer electrical current, if the is any leakage, it is dangerous for underwater creature near the wire or cable. It may shock by electric current. Light will be transfer in the fiber optic and will be convert to electrical energy in load circuit, if there is any leakage on the fiber optic, it still safe for the under water creature. The other import factor of fiber optic is it can carry unlimited intensity of light. This will reduce in cost and size of the system. This project also research on light multiplexing technique. Photodiode are use to convert light to electrical energy. The multiplexer light will energize the photodiode and develop electrical energy. This project is very safe for our environment and underwater creature.
Development of virtual reality environment for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) pre-surgical planning
(2009-04-01)
Koh, Che Hun
In traditional Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) pre-surgical planning, surgeons are required to view the volumetric information using specific 2D image viewers and build a mental 3D liver model. This is a difficult task even for the experienced surgeons. Hence this project is to provide virtual reality (VR) environment which done by converting 2D abdominal slices into 3D model and develop graphical user interface (GUI) for pre-surgical planning. Marching cubes algorithm is introduced to reconstruct the 3D mesh obtain 3D model. The model is drawn by using OpenGL graphical library on the GUI. Development of GUI using Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition provides interface between user and the 3D model. It provides the users many functions to manipulate the 3D model in order to fulfill the basic requirement in virtual reality (VR). Results are obtained by drawing the 3D models on GUI. Performance of the application is measured by the interaction between GUI and user and also the total number of triangular facets created to reconstruct the 3D model.
Modelling and simulation of microaccelerometer using mems software
(2009-04-01)
Mohd Raffay, Mohd Razemy
The objective of this project is to design and simulate an accelerometer by using MEMS software. Accelerometer is an inertial sensor that measures the acceleration or deceleration of a moving object. In this project, a capacitive comb drive accelerometer is designed by using CoventorWare. CoventorWare supports both system-level and physical design approaches. A schematic model of the accelerometer is developed. The dimensions of the accelerometer are defined as global variables. The schematic are simulated under various conditions by using Architect’s performance analyses. Plotting tools are used to view and measure results in several graphical formats. After refining and finalizing a design, the design is then transferred to 2-D layout using Layout Editor. For verification, a 3-D model was built. In this report, the results obtained from the analysis are compared with the formula to ensure the analysis obtained is correct. The accelerometer is at its best performance when it operates at 5g acceleration. Thus, the accelerometer can be used in hard disk to detect sudden fall. The hard disk will be turned off automatically when the accelerometer detect sudden fall. Hence, the data in the hard disk can be saved from loss when the hard disk falls down.
Fpga implementation of image rotation algorithm
(2009-04-01)
Hassan, Hairi
The FPGA implementation on Image Rotation algorithm is presented here. This implementation satisfied the real-time constrains and introduces a solution of very few distortions in image rotation. This design is based on Skew raster scan method of the original image. This design uses only integer addition instead of floating point multiplication. This solution also incorporates an arithmetic design that computes trigonometric value with precision up to 10 in rotation angle which improves the real-time performance rotation of gray level image. Thus the solution reduces the computational burden and improves the real-time performance.
Investigation on neural network input selection methods
(2009-04-01)
Lee, Hooi Khee
The purpose of this project is about the investigation of neural network input selection methods and its objectives is to eliminate the noise, irrelevant and redundant information that may improve the predictive power of an algorithm and to reduce the amount of data to process and the training time for effectiveness. Initially, a few input selection methods have been investigated and the best input selection method is chosen. The few set of methods include Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and stepwise selection strategies that assess usefulness of the inputs in the model are investigated. From the investigation, PCA is not suitable to be used in this project as this algorithm alter the original representation of the variables which may loss some of the important information. Although PCA is a powerful tool used for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction, this method is not optimal for dimensional reduction in target detection and classification applications. On the other hand, stepwise selection strategy is found out to be an efficient strategy to perform input selection task. Once the appropriate input variables have been selected, NN (neural network) will then be used to test this new training set for classification purpose. Then, the training and testing accuracy are evaluated. The best neural network has to be chosen correctly and efficiently in order to give the best training and testing performance to diagnosis results. Multilayer feedforward neural network (MLP) is chosen in this thesis to perform the clustering purpose due to the fact that MLPs are flexible, non-parametric modelling techniques and allowing us to perform any complex function mapping with arbitrarily desired accuracy. The MatlabR2008a, version 7.6, is the software that was used for the implementation in this project.
Ka band down converter
(2009-04-01)
Mohamed Sahid , Nur Arifah
This dissertation presents an approach of designing Ka Band Down Converter which are the combination of a Rat Race Mixer and Band-pass filter. Ka Band is the newest satellite broadcast band where Ka Band range is between 26.5 GHz to 40 GHz. The Ka Band Down Converter is designed to intend the operation at 38 GHz. The purpose of constructing the Ka Band Down Converter is to develop an application in wireless and radar systems. In order to develop the Ka Band Down Converter, the design construction is mainly focus on Rat Race mixer and Band-pass filter performances base on simulation perform using an Advanced Design System (ADS) from Agilent Technology. The simulation results showed the mixer and Band-pass filter design are able to operate at frequency 38 GHz for mixer and 233 MHz for filter. The Rogers RO4003C PCB type which is used in fabrication and the measurement reveal the hardware only able to perform up to 20 GHz only due to measurement equipment limitations.
Modelling ip router architecture using system dynamics
(2009-04-01)
Abdul Ghani, Nordina
In a rising environment of high performance IP networks, it is expected that local and campus area backbones, enterprise networks, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) will use multigigabit and terabit networking technologies where IP routers will be used not only to interconnect backbone segments but also to act as points of attachments to high performance wide area links. Special attention must be given to new powerful architectures for routers in order to play that demanding role. This project identifies important trends in the IP Router Architecture. However, I have made analysis of the first generation IP Router Architectures involving Bus-Based Router Architectures with Single Processor. I have also outlined some design issues facing the next generation of routers. It is also observed that the achievement of high throughput IP routers is possible if the critical tasks are identified by using Vensim® PLE and special purpose modules are properly tailored to perform them.
Implementation of behaviour based mobile robot
(2009-04-01)
Tan, Tiong Cheng
Control architecture is an important investigative content in mobile robot. After studying the subsumption architecture and some other modified architecture, a hybrid architecture is introduced in the project, which is based on the subsumption architecture and integrates the behaviour based planning. Behaviour based mobile robot is claimed to enable task execution in unstructured and dynamic real-world environments. The process of behaviour based planning use the concept of fixed priority to coordinate the behaviours. It can hold the intention of sub-behaviours perfectly. Each of the behaviours switches smoothly between them. The simulation uses 5 layers control architecture including wander, avoiding obstacle, goal seeking and so on. The mobile robot solely depends on the information from the ultrasonic sensor for obstacle avoidance and LDR for goal seeking. The proposed algorithm is tested on a simple mechanical platform of mobile robot. The controller of the mobile robot is run on a “C” environment, which is Boost C. Besides the main objective of studying the behaviour based algorithm, multi agent robot system is another part of my project. A leader follower system is designed and realized. From the results, it shows this architecture is simple and effective for obstacle avoidance. It is robust and enables rapid response to the environment changes. The follower is able to keep track of the leader with the information received from the leader. As a conclusion, the proposed algorithm is effective in obstacle avoidance.

Browse

Browsing Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options