Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 167

An Efficient Surface Mapping Technique Using Laser Triangulation For Image Recontruction
(2003-05)
Tjio Hok Hoo
An image acquisition system, which is used to capture 2-D images of object/scene for 3-D image reconstruction, is developed based on triangulation technique. The system consists of three devices, i.e. B/W CCO camera, laser diode and rotary table. These devices are placed in such a way that a triangle is formed. A grating line, which has a width of one pixel, is mounted in front of the laser diode. The purpose of the grating line is to project a stripe line on the surface of the object/scene. In this research, the positions of the camera and the laser diode are fixed. In order to acquire sufficient information for 3-D image reconstruction, the object/scene is rotated 360° about the azimuth of the rotary table. At every 15°, the rotary table is paused and a reflected image of the object is captured by the camera. Therefore, 24 different images are recorded in one complete rotation.
Electromagnetic Tomography For 2-D Mapping Of Moisture Content In Rice
(2003-10)
Lim, Meng Chun
This thesis deals with the development and application of electromagnetic tomography in food engineering applications, especially in moisture content profiling of cereals such as rice grain.
Design and development of an intelligent battery charger station
(2009-03-01)
Teoh, Wee Wee
This thesis presents the design and development of an intelligent battery charger for simultaneous charging of four NiMH batteries. It is designed to satisfy the demands of high current and fast charge applications such as electrical vehicles which use batteries as the electrical source energy. The purpose of this design is to provide an efficient charging algorithm using a microcontroller PIC16F877 in order to protect against overcharging and reduce the recharging time. This design includes the discharging function. In this design, the control and supervision of the whole charging process is entrusted to a microcontroller, which able to find out the initial battery state , decide the fit way to charge the battery (in order to ensure a long cycle-life) and determine when the charge process must be finished. The proposed design provides multiple charging current options with automated selection of optimum charging rate for the battery being charged. The charging algorithm is programmed in the PIC16F877 by using PIC Basic Pro. There are four basic charging algorithm used in this charger: slow (10%C), soft (20%C), fast (55%C) and trickle (4%C). The experimental results obtained show that the charger is functioning properly with the state defined in the microcontroller. The current regulation is successfully done by using PWM control. The accurate termination of fast charging cycle and safe charging of batteries demonstrate the reliable functioning of the proposed design. The charging and discharging curve obtained is almost the same as stated in the theoretical characteristic. The charging time to charge the battery from empty to full is almost two hours. The battery voltage at the end of charging cycle obtained is around 1.38V/battery. The fast charge cycle bring the battery to approximately 90% of the full charge condition. The implementation of design’s objective is fulfilled and is supported by experimental results.
Development of behaviour-based mobile robot for goal seeking and obstacle navigation
(2009-03-01)
Oo, Cheng Hoe
In the field of robotic, there are some concerns that always grab the world attention which are the motion planning and control problem. Both of them will finally decide the collision-free trajectories for a robot in static or dynamic environments which may have many unknown obstacle around while seeking the goal. Thus this report describes the development of a behavior-based mobile robot for the obstacle navigation and goal seeking. The subsumption architecture will be utilized with the obstacle avoidance having higher priority over goal seeking. In fact, there are many possible obstacles that may keep the robot wandering around aimlessly seeking the goal. One of its main problems is local minimum problem which keep robot trapping in a corner. Owing to simplicity, wall following will be the better solution for that case. Beside that, a deadlock is also consideration in this paper. In the nutshell, the report will discuss all possible obstacles that may exist in the real world. However the goal seeking feature still has flaw when it is combined with the obstacle avoidance. Besides that, the designed robot will act as leader guiding the other robots which are the followers to avoid the obstacle around while searching the goal. This is called the leader-following.
Development of exponential golomb coding compression and decompression algorithms in digital signal processing (dsp)
(2009-04-01)
Wahed, Syamsinar
Efficient data transmission is very important in communication industry. The most important element in data transmission is storage. The more information being dealt with, the more storage is needed. Most digital data that are being transmitted are stored in the easiest form, such as: ASCII text from word processors, binary code that can be executed on a computer and individual samples from a data acquisition system. Data compression is the general term for the various algorithms and programs developed to address this problem. A compression program is used to convert data from an easy to use format to one optimized for compactness. Likewise, decompression program returns the information into its original form. This report is regarding the compression and decompression techniques called Exponential Golomb Coding on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). Firstly, the project will develop the algorithm on a PC using C language and then implement the algorithm on DSP using C6416 board. The algorithm develop on PC and DSP is being tested with various data string and the result will be compared and analyzed whether there is any different between this two types of implementation. A higher compression size is obtained if the data have less similarities and having a lot of string of ‘1’s that causes the compressed data to be even larger than the original data itself.
Development of a power saving system for underwater vehicle
(2009-04-01)
Yusoff, Mohd Ariff Redza
Nowadays, power uses age is very import in our modern world. Most of the power systems are using petroleum as the base. In this project, light will be the source of energy. In conventional ways, light will be converting to electrical energy using solar panel then transfer to load circuit using copper wire. This project transfer energy from ground to underwater, so it use fiber optic as a medium to transfer energy from ground to underwater. This project choose fiber optic because of two factor, first because it safe for underwater creature and the ability of the fiber optic itself. If the copper wire is use, it will transfer electrical current, if the is any leakage, it is dangerous for underwater creature near the wire or cable. It may shock by electric current. Light will be transfer in the fiber optic and will be convert to electrical energy in load circuit, if there is any leakage on the fiber optic, it still safe for the under water creature. The other import factor of fiber optic is it can carry unlimited intensity of light. This will reduce in cost and size of the system. This project also research on light multiplexing technique. Photodiode are use to convert light to electrical energy. The multiplexer light will energize the photodiode and develop electrical energy. This project is very safe for our environment and underwater creature.
Gas pressure recognition in vacuum interrupter based on partial discharge using neural network
(2009-04-01)
Harianto, Buddy
The gas pressure of vacuum interrupter will be increased after 20-30 years in services. When it exceed 10 Pa, partial discharge may occur and lead to an interruption failure. Measures have to be taken to detect and recognize the phenomenon to avoid serious failure to the vacuum interrupter as well as the operation system. In this work, the gas pressure level recognition in vacuum interrupter is presented based on an artificial neural network framework. More specifically, this work used a multi-layer perceptron neural network for gas pressure recognition. All the input of the raw data comes from experimental works based on measurement of partial discharge light intensity using photomultiplier tube. In this experiment, the output of the raw data was generated based on different gas pressure level. Through this raw data, input feature extraction was done to reduce the training time required for the neural process model. A multilayer feedforward neural network with single hidden layer was used as the neural network architecture. The recognition was based on the different pattern generated between each gas pressure level. The network was trained in MATLAB software using batch training function. After a series of training, the model performance evaluation was carried out to determine the ‘error’. An optimum network configuration was determined the network that produced the minimal error respect to the training and testing. The recognition rate of the developed neural network was higher than the existing neural network system. As a result, the system shows the higher percentage of pattern recognition of 95% which is able to classify gas pressure level in the vacuum interrupter. .
Helical antenna design in the high frequency range
(2009-04-01)
Meor Othman, Ahmad
The main objective of this thesis is to design various structures of the helical antenna in the high frequency range and to study the effect these shapes has on the S11 parameter results of the helical antenna. Among the helical antenna parameters that are being researched are its different forms that link to multiple diameters, radius ratio, and number of turns. Simulation results were simulated using the CST Microwave Studio which is an analytic tool that provides an accurate 3D EM simulation results for high frequency. The helical antenna was constructed for the selected simulation design. This is to compare between the simulated results and the measured results. The simulation results conclude that all of the simulated designs were operating in the High Frequency range and has the return loss below the -10dB reference line. From the far-field simulated results, the helical antennas radiation pattern has a donut shape indicating it as a vertically polarized antenna. The main lobe of the patterns occupied the entire region 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°. The simulation results also conclude that as the number of turns of the helical antenna is increased the operating frequency would decrease and the bandwidth would be narrower. The directivity of the antenna however is proportional to the number of turns increased. There were some slight difference between the fabricated results and the simulated results due to many factors which will be discussed more in this thesis. Overall, the results of the experiment revealed that all of the helical antennas’ designed was operating in the High Frequency range and have wide bandwidth.
Image processing with artificial intelligence
(2009-04-01)
Kenny, Toh Kal Vin
Digital images acquired through many consumer electronics products are often corrupted by salt-and-pepper noise during image acquisition, recording and transmission due to a number of nonidealities encountered in image sensors, communication channels and external disturbance. In most image processing applications, it is of vital importance to remove the noise from the image data because the performance of subsequent image processing tasks such as edge detection, image segmentation and others. This includes the elimination of salt-and-pepper noise contained in the images and at the same time preserving the image integrity. Specifically for the removal of salt-and-pepper noise, the median-based filters have been chief in this regard. Besides, there is the class of fuzzy-inference ruled by else-action (FIRE) filters, employing soft computing techniques to filter salt-and-pepper noise. In this project, a new fuzzy switching median (FSM) filter utilizing fuzzy techniques in image processing is developed. The designed filter is able to remove salt-and-pepper noise in digital images while preserving image details and textures very well. By incorporating fuzzy reasoning in correcting the detected noisy pixel, the low complexity FSMfilter is able to outperform some well known existing salt-and-pepper noise fuzzy and classical filters.
Micro and millimeter wave integrated circuit (mmwic) amplifier
(2009-04-01)
Ng, Xiang Rhung
The aim of this project was to design low noise (LNA) and medium power amplifier (MPA) at 30GHz based on 0.15um GaAs Power Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor pHEMT technology. The simulation was performed using ADS. The LNA and MPA in this project are using the same methodology that is define the device characteristic, biasing network, stability network, input and output matching network, cascading the single stage circuit and design layout. At a supply voltage of 3.0V and 30 GHz operating frequency, this two-stage LNA achieves an associated gain of 21.628 dB, noise figure (NF) of 2.509 dB and output referred 1dB compression point (P1dB) of -11.003dBm, the total power consumptions for the LNA is 174mW. At a supply voltage of 6.0V and 30 GHz operating frequency, a 2-stage MPA achieves a linear gain (S21) of 13.236 dB, P1dB of 22.455dBm, power gain of 11.055 dB and the PAE of 14.606% and the total power consumptions for the MPA is 1.122W. The 30GHz LNA and PA can be applied in direct broadcast satellite (DBS), automotive radar transmitter and receiver respectively.
Artificial neural network for gas-oil flow pattern recognition using capacitance tomography data
(2009-04-01)
Tan, Kim Leng
The technique to recognize the oil and gas flow pattern in a pipe is needed in the oil and gas industry to monitoring the condition of the oil and gas pipe system. Any mistake or malfunction may lead to serious loss and endanger the workers and environments. Generally there are lots of flow pattern such as Empty, Full, Stratified, Bubble, Core and Annular. The Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) technique is used to take the cross sectional data of the pipe. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is used to recognize the flow patterns. This project uses the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) as the ANNs model. The MLP is trained, validated, and tested with the ECT data. The ECT data is divided into three groups, training, validation, and testing. The Matlab software is used to build the MLP architecture. The learning algorithms used for this project is the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms and the Quasi-Newton algorithms. Result show that trained MLP is able to give a percentage of accuracy of 99.102% in oil and gas flow pattern recognition. This shows that the MLP is suitable to be used in the oil and gas flow pattern recognition.
Hand tracking system as virtual input device
(2009-04-01)
New, Mung Yin
The objective of this project is to develop a vision-based hand tracking system, which can be used as an input device for communicating with the computer. In this system, the only external device required is a webcam. There are two webcams being used throughout the project, each for one hand. In this report, a hand tracking algorithm has been presented using Simulink® to track and recognize hand gestures for interacting with a computer. This algorithm is based on five steps; which are image acquisition, hand detection, hand segmentation, feature extraction, and gesture recognition. In hand detection, accurate skin colour model is being built, and is used for hand segmentation to segment the hand from the background. Feature extraction is performed to extract useful information from images. In gesture recognition, extracted information is used for recognizing the hand movement. Besides, a graphical user interface (GUI) is created for presenting the results. The results show that the system can successfully track the hand, and integration of the algorithm into useful applications such as motion controlling. From the project, it can also be seen that vision-based hand tracking system can be realized, and it provides a convenient way for human-computer interface.
Exploring graph cut technique for mammography images
(2009-04-01)
Ding, Nik Siong
Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases among woman nowadays. However, the presence of medical imaging tools such as mammography enables diagnosis of breast cancer to be conducted at beginning stage of breast cancer development. Mammogram is the image produced by mammography process. The presence of abnormal structures in mammograms will indicate that the woman is having a breast cancer. In this study, a new algorithm called graph cut was explored to evaluate its efficiency to detect the presence of abnormal structures in mammograms. Although graph cut technique is new but it has generated a lot interest among the researchers in the computer vision community. The primary reason for this rising popularity has been the successes of efficient graph cut algorithm in solving many low level vision problems such as image segmentation, object reconstruction, image restoration and disparity estimation. Masses and mircocalcifications are two most common abnormal structures in mammograms. In this study, a specific mammogram segmentation algorithm was developed based on the graph cut technique. This mammogram segmentation algorithm was used to test efficiency of the graph cut technique to segment the abnormal structures out of mammograms. The success rates of detecting these abnormal structures are high. For masses, graph cut technique able to detect the mass structures in all mammograms used to test this technique. Meanwhile, for microcalcifications, graph cut technique only can detect the microcalcification structures in mammograms which show low density breast. These segmentation results proved that graph cut technique is suitable to be used to detect the presence of abnormal structures in mammograms.
Design and implementation of autonomous autopiloted aerial vehicle platform
(2009-04-01)
Mohamad, Ahmad Ashraf
The control of a helicopter is complex, and includes the interaction of forces and the balancing of them. Although a stable condition can be achieved with sophisticated control system, good mechanical design can reduce the problem of instability of a helicopter. One of the designs is the coaxial types of blade system. Nevertheless, a good control system is still needed since a helicopter control involves many parameters. The PIC16F876A microcontroller has been used to measured the input from sensor, do the calculation and control the actuators (two DC motors and two servos). In this project, ultrasonic sensor is used to control the height of the platform. The implementation of a control system such as PID will increase the efficiency of the system. Implementation shows that the coaxial helicopter is able to fly in control condition but more adjustment needs to be made to make it more stable.
Ka-band up-converter design
(2009-04-01)
Mohd Roslan, Norul Shahada
This dissertation presents an approach of designing ka-band up-converter which is a combination between coupler, mixer and bandpass filter. The type of mixer that had been design is Branchline Mixer with a Schottky Barrier diode which is DMK2790. The filter and the mixer are designed at 38 GHz; while the mixer can be operate in the range of 26.5 GHz until 40 GHz. The reason of constructing the mixer is to develop an application in wireless and radar systems in Ka band frequency since most of the communications nowadays are congested in very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF). The design for mixer and filter had been done by using Advanced Design System (ADS) software from Agilent Technology. The performance of the mixer simulation is focused based on different characteristics which are its conversion loss, RF/LO power and harmonics balance. After finishing fabricating, both of them were measured and the results were compared between the simulations and measurement results. Based on microstrip technology, the fabricated circuits sizes were approximately 2cm x 2 cm and made-up using Duroid pcb type. Although the new generation of Ka-band systems is built to support higher bandwidth at lower cost, there is still some problem associated with latency, the half-second delay created when signal travel to and from satellite. Various acceleration technologies mitigate the impact of that delay on protocols and some applications, but for anything that depends on real-time communications, particularly voice and Internet gaming, the satellite delay will be noticeable. The only way to know how applications will perform under high latency conditions isto test them. Based on the result the Ka-Band Up-Converter is successfully working at 38 GHz. Mixer and bandpass filter can be operated at 38GHz.
Exploring image processing techniques for ultrasound images
(2009-04-01)
Abdul Aziz, Nor Hidayah
Image segmentation is one of the image processing techniques. It is also one of the basic steps for ultrasound image analysis and medical diagnosis. However due to the intrinsic noisy nature, it remains to be a very difficult problem in order to detect the breast cancer and any other disease. An image segmentation method based on watershed transform is representing in this study. Watershed transform provides a simple way to get one pixel wide and closed boundaries for ultrasound images. The effectiveness of purpose scheme is demonstrated through experimental result on ultrasound images. The purpose of this study is to detect the breast cancer using ultrasound image and improve the images using watershed transform. The results show that the purpose method is capable to get the segmentation in the breast cancer ultrasound images, but with using this method, the image usually leads to over segmentation and need to do some improvement in the future to get more quality images.
Design of permanent magnet brushed excited dc motor for underwater vehicle propulsion system
(2009-04-01)
Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Firdaus
This paper discuss about designing and analysis of permanent magnet brushed dc motor (PMDC) for underwater vehicle propulsion system. In this project, a finite element modeling (FEM) with appropriate parameter is used to predict the motor performance. The Opera-2D software is used in the designing process to implement the motor model. The project starts with the study on underwater vehicle system that is requiring dynamic characteristics and performance. Based on that, we focus to design a motor with 12-slot armature and 14-slot armature which both being excited with 2-pole PM field. The motor dimension was calculated analytically. One of the important variables that contribute to the performance of PMDC motor is the magnetization direction of PM which is radial and parallel direction. Then, the best magnet arc spans need to find out for the both type of magnetization. The simulation results that can perform by Opera-2D are the magnetic field distribution, magnetic flux density, airgap flux density, cogging torque and EMF induced voltage. Based on the data analysis, this project will come out with the best motor model for underwater vehicle propulsion system.
Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (mmic) power amplifier
(2009-04-01)
Ang, Chin Guek
The aim of this project was to design a MMIC power amplifier for wireless application by using 0.15 μm GaAs Power Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (PHEMT) technology with a gate width of 100 μm and 10 fingers at certain low frequency points at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz. This project will focus on the power amplifier performances and layout design. The design methodology for power amplifier design can be broken down into three main sections: architecture design, small-signal design, and large-signal optimization. For 2.4 GHz power amplifier, with 3.0 V drain voltage, the amplifier has achieved 17.265 dB small-signal gain, input and output return loss of 16.310 dB and 14.418 dB, 14.862 dBm 1-dB gain compression power with 12.318 % power-added efficiency (PAE). For 3.5GHz power amplifier, the amplifier has achieved 14.434 dB small-signal gain, input and output return loss of 12.612 dB and 11.746 dB, 14.665 dBm 1-dB gain compression power with 11.796 % power-added efficiency (PAE). The power amplifier for frequency point at 2.4 GHz applies for Wireless LAN applications such as WiFi and WPAN whereas power amplifier for frequency point at 3.5 GHz applies for WiMax base station and W-CDMA. For the power amplifier MMIC, the requirements of power amplifier including aspects of high efficiency, high gain, unconditional stable and operation at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz are produced.
Location mapping system with tracking capabilities using rfid (radio frequency identification
(2009-04-01)
Sarti, Siti Safurah
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the most recent technologies being deployed in many industry and organization such as hospital nowadays. World depends on it to do the tracking and tracing objects. RFID tools like tag and reader can be programmed to track and trace the object at the moment. This project actually is Location Tracking System, which is one of the application that introducing by RFID system. This system used Real Time Location System (RLTS) concept to find the location and coordinate of the objects at the moment. To determine the location and coordinates (x,y) for the tag, the reader is decided as the origin, (0,0). This system also used Visual Basic 6.0 software as programming software to display any result on the screen. Mantis II (433MHz) Active Reader used as reader in this project. This reader functionally at frequency 433MHz, so that the tag that used also the active tag which also functionally at frequency 433MHz. This system didn‟t operate properly because the algorithm should be improved.
Control strategy of permanent magnet brushlessdc motor using matlab / Simulink
(2009-04-01)
Manan, Noradzim
The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motor (PMBLDC) has a permanentmagnet rotor, and the stator windings are wound such that the back electromotive force (BEMF) is trapezoidal. Therefore it requires rectangular shaped stator phase currents to produce constant torque. The trapezoidal back EMF implies that the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor is nonsinusoidal. The objective of this project is to develop a simulation of PMBLDC using Matlab / Simulink software. The result of this simulation is to show theperformance of the PMBLDC by referring its stator current, speed, torque and back electromotive force (BEMF). This result will be compare with the ideal waveform obtained from theory. In this simulation model, the PMBLDC is controlled by hysteresis current controller and PI controller for motor speed.

Browse

Browsing Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options