Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis

Browse

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 200

Micro-Crack Detection Of Solar Cells Featuring Adaptive Anisotropic Diffusion Filter And Semi-Supervised Support Vector Learning
(0201-08)
Majid, Said Amirul Anwar B Ab Hamid @ Ab
In this thesis, a machine vision-based application for detecting micro-crack in an electro luminescence (el) image of solar cell is presented. The detection is a very challenging problem due to the complexity of the textural properties and background inhomogeneity of el images. Nevertheless, the micro-crack defect exhibits some unique properties such as high in gradient and low gray-levels. These properties together with the shape feature of the micro-crack are used in developing the detection algorithm. In this work, an image processing algorithm featuring an adaptive anisotropic diffusion filter and a segmentation technique based on twostage thresholding is proposed. The outcomes of this algorithm have demonstrated a highly accurate segmentation results compared to other standard methods. Based on the accuracy measure, the proposed methods achieve the highest f-measure of 0.0821. The local image features such as shape representation of the binary connected components are extracted and used in the machine learning to distinguish between cracked and good solar cells.
Identification Of Muscle Sound (MMG) In Human Body
(1999-04)
Khedher A. Hmood
From the biomedical engineering study on muscle fibers, there are two types of signals: Electromyography (EMG) signal and muscle sound (MMG). The EMG signal is generated by the human muscle and is detected by using stainless steel electrodes but the muscle sound MMG is detected using vibration detection sensor such as piezoelectric sensor. In this thesis, a suitable sensor has been used to detect the muscle sound in order to analyze its characteristics.
An Efficient Surface Mapping Technique Using Laser Triangulation For Image Recontruction
(2003-05)
Tjio Hok Hoo
An image acquisition system, which is used to capture 2-D images of object/scene for 3-D image reconstruction, is developed based on triangulation technique. The system consists of three devices, i.e. B/W CCO camera, laser diode and rotary table. These devices are placed in such a way that a triangle is formed. A grating line, which has a width of one pixel, is mounted in front of the laser diode. The purpose of the grating line is to project a stripe line on the surface of the object/scene. In this research, the positions of the camera and the laser diode are fixed. In order to acquire sufficient information for 3-D image reconstruction, the object/scene is rotated 360° about the azimuth of the rotary table. At every 15°, the rotary table is paused and a reflected image of the object is captured by the camera. Therefore, 24 different images are recorded in one complete rotation.
Electromagnetic Tomography For 2-D Mapping Of Moisture Content In Rice
(2003-10)
Lim, Meng Chun
This thesis deals with the development and application of electromagnetic tomography in food engineering applications, especially in moisture content profiling of cereals such as rice grain.
Design and development of an intelligent battery charger station
(2009-03-01)
Teoh, Wee Wee
This thesis presents the design and development of an intelligent battery charger for simultaneous charging of four NiMH batteries. It is designed to satisfy the demands of high current and fast charge applications such as electrical vehicles which use batteries as the electrical source energy. The purpose of this design is to provide an efficient charging algorithm using a microcontroller PIC16F877 in order to protect against overcharging and reduce the recharging time. This design includes the discharging function. In this design, the control and supervision of the whole charging process is entrusted to a microcontroller, which able to find out the initial battery state , decide the fit way to charge the battery (in order to ensure a long cycle-life) and determine when the charge process must be finished. The proposed design provides multiple charging current options with automated selection of optimum charging rate for the battery being charged. The charging algorithm is programmed in the PIC16F877 by using PIC Basic Pro. There are four basic charging algorithm used in this charger: slow (10%C), soft (20%C), fast (55%C) and trickle (4%C). The experimental results obtained show that the charger is functioning properly with the state defined in the microcontroller. The current regulation is successfully done by using PWM control. The accurate termination of fast charging cycle and safe charging of batteries demonstrate the reliable functioning of the proposed design. The charging and discharging curve obtained is almost the same as stated in the theoretical characteristic. The charging time to charge the battery from empty to full is almost two hours. The battery voltage at the end of charging cycle obtained is around 1.38V/battery. The fast charge cycle bring the battery to approximately 90% of the full charge condition. The implementation of design’s objective is fulfilled and is supported by experimental results.
Development of behaviour-based mobile robot for goal seeking and obstacle navigation
(2009-03-01)
Oo, Cheng Hoe
In the field of robotic, there are some concerns that always grab the world attention which are the motion planning and control problem. Both of them will finally decide the collision-free trajectories for a robot in static or dynamic environments which may have many unknown obstacle around while seeking the goal. Thus this report describes the development of a behavior-based mobile robot for the obstacle navigation and goal seeking. The subsumption architecture will be utilized with the obstacle avoidance having higher priority over goal seeking. In fact, there are many possible obstacles that may keep the robot wandering around aimlessly seeking the goal. One of its main problems is local minimum problem which keep robot trapping in a corner. Owing to simplicity, wall following will be the better solution for that case. Beside that, a deadlock is also consideration in this paper. In the nutshell, the report will discuss all possible obstacles that may exist in the real world. However the goal seeking feature still has flaw when it is combined with the obstacle avoidance. Besides that, the designed robot will act as leader guiding the other robots which are the followers to avoid the obstacle around while searching the goal. This is called the leader-following.
Development of virtual reality environment for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) pre-surgical planning
(2009-04-01)
Koh, Che Hun
In traditional Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) pre-surgical planning, surgeons are required to view the volumetric information using specific 2D image viewers and build a mental 3D liver model. This is a difficult task even for the experienced surgeons. Hence this project is to provide virtual reality (VR) environment which done by converting 2D abdominal slices into 3D model and develop graphical user interface (GUI) for pre-surgical planning. Marching cubes algorithm is introduced to reconstruct the 3D mesh obtain 3D model. The model is drawn by using OpenGL graphical library on the GUI. Development of GUI using Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition provides interface between user and the 3D model. It provides the users many functions to manipulate the 3D model in order to fulfill the basic requirement in virtual reality (VR). Results are obtained by drawing the 3D models on GUI. Performance of the application is measured by the interaction between GUI and user and also the total number of triangular facets created to reconstruct the 3D model.
Hand tracking system as virtual input device
(2009-04-01)
New, Mung Yin
The objective of this project is to develop a vision-based hand tracking system, which can be used as an input device for communicating with the computer. In this system, the only external device required is a webcam. There are two webcams being used throughout the project, each for one hand. In this report, a hand tracking algorithm has been presented using Simulink® to track and recognize hand gestures for interacting with a computer. This algorithm is based on five steps; which are image acquisition, hand detection, hand segmentation, feature extraction, and gesture recognition. In hand detection, accurate skin colour model is being built, and is used for hand segmentation to segment the hand from the background. Feature extraction is performed to extract useful information from images. In gesture recognition, extracted information is used for recognizing the hand movement. Besides, a graphical user interface (GUI) is created for presenting the results. The results show that the system can successfully track the hand, and integration of the algorithm into useful applications such as motion controlling. From the project, it can also be seen that vision-based hand tracking system can be realized, and it provides a convenient way for human-computer interface.
Exploring graph cut technique for mammography images
(2009-04-01)
Ding, Nik Siong
Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases among woman nowadays. However, the presence of medical imaging tools such as mammography enables diagnosis of breast cancer to be conducted at beginning stage of breast cancer development. Mammogram is the image produced by mammography process. The presence of abnormal structures in mammograms will indicate that the woman is having a breast cancer. In this study, a new algorithm called graph cut was explored to evaluate its efficiency to detect the presence of abnormal structures in mammograms. Although graph cut technique is new but it has generated a lot interest among the researchers in the computer vision community. The primary reason for this rising popularity has been the successes of efficient graph cut algorithm in solving many low level vision problems such as image segmentation, object reconstruction, image restoration and disparity estimation. Masses and mircocalcifications are two most common abnormal structures in mammograms. In this study, a specific mammogram segmentation algorithm was developed based on the graph cut technique. This mammogram segmentation algorithm was used to test efficiency of the graph cut technique to segment the abnormal structures out of mammograms. The success rates of detecting these abnormal structures are high. For masses, graph cut technique able to detect the mass structures in all mammograms used to test this technique. Meanwhile, for microcalcifications, graph cut technique only can detect the microcalcification structures in mammograms which show low density breast. These segmentation results proved that graph cut technique is suitable to be used to detect the presence of abnormal structures in mammograms.
Artificial neural network for gas-oil flow pattern recognition using capacitance tomography data
(2009-04-01)
Tan, Kim Leng
The technique to recognize the oil and gas flow pattern in a pipe is needed in the oil and gas industry to monitoring the condition of the oil and gas pipe system. Any mistake or malfunction may lead to serious loss and endanger the workers and environments. Generally there are lots of flow pattern such as Empty, Full, Stratified, Bubble, Core and Annular. The Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) technique is used to take the cross sectional data of the pipe. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is used to recognize the flow patterns. This project uses the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) as the ANNs model. The MLP is trained, validated, and tested with the ECT data. The ECT data is divided into three groups, training, validation, and testing. The Matlab software is used to build the MLP architecture. The learning algorithms used for this project is the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms and the Quasi-Newton algorithms. Result show that trained MLP is able to give a percentage of accuracy of 99.102% in oil and gas flow pattern recognition. This shows that the MLP is suitable to be used in the oil and gas flow pattern recognition.
Helical antenna design in the high frequency range
(2009-04-01)
Meor Othman, Ahmad
The main objective of this thesis is to design various structures of the helical antenna in the high frequency range and to study the effect these shapes has on the S11 parameter results of the helical antenna. Among the helical antenna parameters that are being researched are its different forms that link to multiple diameters, radius ratio, and number of turns. Simulation results were simulated using the CST Microwave Studio which is an analytic tool that provides an accurate 3D EM simulation results for high frequency. The helical antenna was constructed for the selected simulation design. This is to compare between the simulated results and the measured results. The simulation results conclude that all of the simulated designs were operating in the High Frequency range and has the return loss below the -10dB reference line. From the far-field simulated results, the helical antennas radiation pattern has a donut shape indicating it as a vertically polarized antenna. The main lobe of the patterns occupied the entire region 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°. The simulation results also conclude that as the number of turns of the helical antenna is increased the operating frequency would decrease and the bandwidth would be narrower. The directivity of the antenna however is proportional to the number of turns increased. There were some slight difference between the fabricated results and the simulated results due to many factors which will be discussed more in this thesis. Overall, the results of the experiment revealed that all of the helical antennas’ designed was operating in the High Frequency range and have wide bandwidth.
Development of exponential golomb coding compression and decompression algorithms in digital signal processing (dsp)
(2009-04-01)
Wahed, Syamsinar
Efficient data transmission is very important in communication industry. The most important element in data transmission is storage. The more information being dealt with, the more storage is needed. Most digital data that are being transmitted are stored in the easiest form, such as: ASCII text from word processors, binary code that can be executed on a computer and individual samples from a data acquisition system. Data compression is the general term for the various algorithms and programs developed to address this problem. A compression program is used to convert data from an easy to use format to one optimized for compactness. Likewise, decompression program returns the information into its original form. This report is regarding the compression and decompression techniques called Exponential Golomb Coding on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). Firstly, the project will develop the algorithm on a PC using C language and then implement the algorithm on DSP using C6416 board. The algorithm develop on PC and DSP is being tested with various data string and the result will be compared and analyzed whether there is any different between this two types of implementation. A higher compression size is obtained if the data have less similarities and having a lot of string of ‘1’s that causes the compressed data to be even larger than the original data itself.
Design and implementation of autonomous autopiloted aerial vehicle platform
(2009-04-01)
Mohamad, Ahmad Ashraf
The control of a helicopter is complex, and includes the interaction of forces and the balancing of them. Although a stable condition can be achieved with sophisticated control system, good mechanical design can reduce the problem of instability of a helicopter. One of the designs is the coaxial types of blade system. Nevertheless, a good control system is still needed since a helicopter control involves many parameters. The PIC16F876A microcontroller has been used to measured the input from sensor, do the calculation and control the actuators (two DC motors and two servos). In this project, ultrasonic sensor is used to control the height of the platform. The implementation of a control system such as PID will increase the efficiency of the system. Implementation shows that the coaxial helicopter is able to fly in control condition but more adjustment needs to be made to make it more stable.
Development of a power saving system for underwater vehicle
(2009-04-01)
Yusoff, Mohd Ariff Redza
Nowadays, power uses age is very import in our modern world. Most of the power systems are using petroleum as the base. In this project, light will be the source of energy. In conventional ways, light will be converting to electrical energy using solar panel then transfer to load circuit using copper wire. This project transfer energy from ground to underwater, so it use fiber optic as a medium to transfer energy from ground to underwater. This project choose fiber optic because of two factor, first because it safe for underwater creature and the ability of the fiber optic itself. If the copper wire is use, it will transfer electrical current, if the is any leakage, it is dangerous for underwater creature near the wire or cable. It may shock by electric current. Light will be transfer in the fiber optic and will be convert to electrical energy in load circuit, if there is any leakage on the fiber optic, it still safe for the under water creature. The other import factor of fiber optic is it can carry unlimited intensity of light. This will reduce in cost and size of the system. This project also research on light multiplexing technique. Photodiode are use to convert light to electrical energy. The multiplexer light will energize the photodiode and develop electrical energy. This project is very safe for our environment and underwater creature.
Exploring image processing techniques for ultrasound images
(2009-04-01)
Abdul Aziz, Nor Hidayah
Image segmentation is one of the image processing techniques. It is also one of the basic steps for ultrasound image analysis and medical diagnosis. However due to the intrinsic noisy nature, it remains to be a very difficult problem in order to detect the breast cancer and any other disease. An image segmentation method based on watershed transform is representing in this study. Watershed transform provides a simple way to get one pixel wide and closed boundaries for ultrasound images. The effectiveness of purpose scheme is demonstrated through experimental result on ultrasound images. The purpose of this study is to detect the breast cancer using ultrasound image and improve the images using watershed transform. The results show that the purpose method is capable to get the segmentation in the breast cancer ultrasound images, but with using this method, the image usually leads to over segmentation and need to do some improvement in the future to get more quality images.
Harmonic effect on a three-phase induction motor performance
(2009-04-01)
Hj Ab Rashid, Mohd Hafizi
Three phase induction motor are by far the most widely used in industry, they popular in industry because they are more economical, last longer, and required less maintenance than other type of motor. Due to the increase application of drive motor like variable voltage drives, today's power systems are rich of harmonic content. A high harmonic content may affect the performance of the motor and could become a concern in the field. This research presents the effect of voltage distortion on three-phase induction motor performance with light load condition. In this research, three-phase full-wave controller (AC controller) acts as the harmonic source. A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor is tested by using different value of percentage 𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑣 from 0% t0 10%. From this research, it founded that the torques for each harmonic is quite small compared to rated torque, it only 0.15% from its fundamental value. They are alternately negative and positive for the harmonics listed in ascending order, and the net torque is a negligibly small negative torque. When 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑣 increase more than 5%, the torque motor drop more than 1% from the fundamental torque (for squirrel cage induction motor). The harmonic slip is close to one. The speed of induction motor is affected only about 0.07% from its fundamental speed when 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑣 are more than 5%.
Gas pressure recognition in vacuum interrupter based on partial discharge using neural network
(2009-04-01)
Harianto, Buddy
The gas pressure of vacuum interrupter will be increased after 20-30 years in services. When it exceed 10 Pa, partial discharge may occur and lead to an interruption failure. Measures have to be taken to detect and recognize the phenomenon to avoid serious failure to the vacuum interrupter as well as the operation system. In this work, the gas pressure level recognition in vacuum interrupter is presented based on an artificial neural network framework. More specifically, this work used a multi-layer perceptron neural network for gas pressure recognition. All the input of the raw data comes from experimental works based on measurement of partial discharge light intensity using photomultiplier tube. In this experiment, the output of the raw data was generated based on different gas pressure level. Through this raw data, input feature extraction was done to reduce the training time required for the neural process model. A multilayer feedforward neural network with single hidden layer was used as the neural network architecture. The recognition was based on the different pattern generated between each gas pressure level. The network was trained in MATLAB software using batch training function. After a series of training, the model performance evaluation was carried out to determine the ‘error’. An optimum network configuration was determined the network that produced the minimal error respect to the training and testing. The recognition rate of the developed neural network was higher than the existing neural network system. As a result, the system shows the higher percentage of pattern recognition of 95% which is able to classify gas pressure level in the vacuum interrupter. .
Modelling and simulation of microaccelerometer using mems software
(2009-04-01)
Mohd Raffay, Mohd Razemy
The objective of this project is to design and simulate an accelerometer by using MEMS software. Accelerometer is an inertial sensor that measures the acceleration or deceleration of a moving object. In this project, a capacitive comb drive accelerometer is designed by using CoventorWare. CoventorWare supports both system-level and physical design approaches. A schematic model of the accelerometer is developed. The dimensions of the accelerometer are defined as global variables. The schematic are simulated under various conditions by using Architect’s performance analyses. Plotting tools are used to view and measure results in several graphical formats. After refining and finalizing a design, the design is then transferred to 2-D layout using Layout Editor. For verification, a 3-D model was built. In this report, the results obtained from the analysis are compared with the formula to ensure the analysis obtained is correct. The accelerometer is at its best performance when it operates at 5g acceleration. Thus, the accelerometer can be used in hard disk to detect sudden fall. The hard disk will be turned off automatically when the accelerometer detect sudden fall. Hence, the data in the hard disk can be saved from loss when the hard disk falls down.
Fpga implementation of image rotation algorithm
(2009-04-01)
Hassan, Hairi
The FPGA implementation on Image Rotation algorithm is presented here. This implementation satisfied the real-time constrains and introduces a solution of very few distortions in image rotation. This design is based on Skew raster scan method of the original image. This design uses only integer addition instead of floating point multiplication. This solution also incorporates an arithmetic design that computes trigonometric value with precision up to 10 in rotation angle which improves the real-time performance rotation of gray level image. Thus the solution reduces the computational burden and improves the real-time performance.
Fpga hardware implementation of neuro-fuzzy algorithm for mobile robot autonomous navigation
(2009-04-01)
Chan, Zhi Wei
Navigation and obstacle avoidance are some of the important tasks or mission deployed and accomplished by an autonomous mobile robot. The objective of this project is to design an obstacle avoidance program for mobile robot that incorporates a neuro-fuzzy algorithm which will be implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board. To generate collision-free path for mobile robot, a proper motion planning is needed. Implementation of software and hardware system can be done by using Altera Quartus® II design software, System-on-programmable-chip (SOPC) Builder, Nios® II Integrated Design Environment (IDE) software, and FPGA development and education board (DE2). Simulation and weight training process is tested by using Nios® II IDE software. Ultrasonic sensor is used as the sensing element for the mobile robot while servo motor is used as the actuator for the mobile robot. The result shows that the neuro-fuzzy algorithm is successfully implemented into the FPGA development board and the mobile robot build are able to communicate with the FPGA development board to avoid obstacle.

Browse

Browsing Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options