Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis
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Browsing Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis by Type "doctoral thesis"
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- PublicationAnion Exchanger 1 Gene (AE1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis Among Malays With Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (DRTA) And Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO)(2018-08)Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) encoding the erythroid and kidney isoforms of AE1 protein is located on chromosome 17. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized as its inability to acidify urine pH caused by AE1 polymorphisms. Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary red blood cell abnormality caused by 27bp deletions in AE1. dRTA and SAO is highly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries. Polymorphism in AE1 is known to cause both SAO and dRTA associated with 27bp deletions which is still unclear.
- PublicationAnti-Inflammatory Effects Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicle In Rat Model Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(2022-01)Noridzzaida Binti RidzuanThis study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) derived EV in a rat model of COPD. Human UC-MSC-EV were isolated and characterized by using transmission electron microscope, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis
- PublicationAntiproliferative And Apoptosis Effects Of Clinacanthus Nutans Leaf Extract On Breast Cancer Cell (Mcf7)(2023-02)Noor Zafirah Binti IsmailThe objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of C. nutans leaf extract on the breast cancer cell line, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7).
- PublicationAssociation Analysis Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of Opioid Dependence Genes Among Malay Males In Malaysia(2018-09)Nagaya, DevakiDrug addiction is a chronic and relapsing disorder is associated with genetics. There are many studies have been reported the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with drug dependence and among those, twelve (12) candidate genes that were associated with drug dependence will be. investigated in this study. The candidate genes are OPRD1 (Delta Opioid Receptor), OPR.K1 (Kappa Opioid Receptor), COMT (Catechol — O-Methyltransferase gene), PDYN (Prodynorphin), DRD4 (Dopamine receptor D4), ABCB1(P glycoprotein), DUSP (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 27) and rs 10494334. The goal of this study was to determine the frequencies of these SNPs rsl042114, rs702764, rs 199774, rs 1022563, rs910080, rs737866, rs 10494334, rsl800955, rsl 128503, rsl045642, and rs2032582 and to study their association with opioid dependence in Malay males in Malaysian population.
- PublicationBiocompatibility And Toxicity Studies On Heterogeneous Tio2-Zno Polymer Nanocomposite With Enhanced Bacterial Activity(2022-07)Nor Hazliana HarunHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major safety concern globally as they contribute to mortality rates amongst patients due to pathogens from direct contact with a contaminated biomedical polymer surface from the indwelling or implanted medical devices. Polymer nanocomposites have become a promising solution for HAIs owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals’ mode of action. In the first section, this work revealed the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potentials of TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite films against HAI pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and non-MDR strains. In the second section, the initial analysis of the in vitro bio-interaction responses on fibroblast and blood cell line models showed signs of cell membrane integrity disturbance, which might be due to free radicals’ activities, such as the release of intracellular ROS and Zn ions (Zn2+) during the initial cellular adaptation process on the TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite film. Molecular studies revealed that the cell–polymer nanocomposite film interaction possibly triggered the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mechanisms through the principal cascades of Nuclear Factor-κB. Further analysis found that cells could maintain the viability and clonogenic potential and were involved in the anti-apoptosis pathway. Findings suggested the transitory oxidative stress responses of polymer nanocomposite films towards treated cells and not harmful to the cells.
- PublicationDevelopment And Validation Of Online Preconcentration Capillary Electrophoresis Methods For The Determination Of Selected Pharmaceutical Compounds In Aqueous Matrices(2022-01)Semail, Nadhiratul-FarihinIn this study, several preconcentration strategies in capillary electrophoresis (CE) were developed to improve the sensitivity of detection of pharmaceutical compound in real aqueous matrices. This is due to the core challenge to develop simple and sensitive analytical method for trace analysis study of selected analytes (anticancer, antibiotic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are very limited. Higher interference level from complex matrix (biological, food and water) with analytical instrument poor detection capability directed to development of online preconcentration technique. The first technique termed sequential injection mode stacking was developed for the separation and determination of anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its metabolite namely, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FdUrd) in human plasma obtained from cancer patients. In this technique, large sample volume was introduced through electrokinetic injection followed by hydrodynamic injection. Under the optimized experimental conditions, 614- and 643- fold and 782- and 803- fold sensitivity improvement was obtained for both 5-FU and its metabolite when compared with normal hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection alone, respectively.
- PublicationDevelopment Of Antibacterial Chitosan-Based Wound Dressing Incorporated With Zno/Cuo Nanoparticles Using Calotropis Gigantea(2023-06)G Ambarasan A/L GovindasamyIn this work, ZnO/CuO nanocomposites incorporated in chitosan (Cs) based biopolymer were studied for physicochemical, antibacterial, cytocompatibility and wound healing profiles. This ZnO/CuO-Cs nanocomposites were obtained by freeze-thawing process and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, FTIR, AAS, ICP and UV-vis spectroscopy.
- PublicationDevelopment Of Lead-free Tungsten Carbide-based Polymeric Bricks As Gamma Radiation Shielding(2022-06)Abualroos, Nadin J DLead bricks are the most widely used form of gamma ray shields in diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine departments. However, lead is heavy, toxic, and dangerous to human health. Polymer-based radiation shields can be utilised in radiation shielding field due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, ease of fabrication, low manufacturing costs, and toughness. Also, their radiation shielding properties can be improved by using high atomic number fillers. The purpose of this research was to develop a lead-free tungsten carbide-based polymeric bricks as gamma radiation shielding. The fabrication of tungsten carbide-based polymeric composites involved mixing tungsten carbide powder and tungsten carbide cobalt powder with epoxy resin at different weight percentages (60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90) of fillers. Also, addition of bismuth oxide and barium sulphate powder to tungsten carbide-based epoxy matrix were studied. The physical, morphological, chemical, mechanical, and photon shielding properties were investigated for all the fabricated composites. The most optimum powder epoxy combination among all samples were 85 and 90 weight percentage of fillers. The microstructural analysis indicated that the fillers distributed uniformly within the epoxy matrix. Some agglomerations were observed for composites having more than 75 wt% of filler. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the chemical properties of the fabricated composites. FTIR absorption spectrum of each sample analysed in the range of 600-4000 cm-1. The results obtained did not show any spectral change for all samples.
- PublicationFeasibility Of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (Cmos)-Based Time-Of-Flight (Tof) Image Sensors In Conjunction With Kilovoltage (Kv) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) For Real-Time Tumour Tracking In Radiotherapy(2022-03)Lim, Siew Yong @ Siew EngRespiratory induced tumour movement is one of the main causes of error in thoracic radiotherapy. The tumour movement may results in sub-optimal delivery of radiation to the target during treatment. The objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of two Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)-based Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensors in conjunction with kilovoltage (kV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging system for real-time tumour tracking in radiotherapy. A dynamic phantom was designed to simulate the periodic breathing motion of patient. Two ToF image sensors (Argos3D P320 & P330, BECOM Electronics, Austria) of different pixel array size and type of illumination system were employed.
- PublicationGreen Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles From Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Of Clinacanthus Nutans Leaf: Extraction, Characterisation, Optimisation And Antibacterial Studies(2023-07)Devasvaran, KogilavaneeC. nutans has gained much attention by researchers due to its pharmacotherapeutic properties. However, the extraction method of C. nutans leaf crude polysaccharide (CNP), CNP synthesising silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and the subsequent antibacterial properties as a DNA synthesis inhibitor, has not been studied. Hence, this research aims to employ a green synthetic method to produce AgNP and assess its potential application as an antibacterial agent. Five extraction methods of CNP were employed, namely hot water (HW_CNP), ultrasound-assisted (UL_CNP), freeze-thaw (FT_CNP), alkaline (ALK_CNP) and acid (ACD_CNP). All five CNP were optimised and characterised, and their compositions were analysed. Three CNP were then selected to synthesise ACD_AgNP, ALK_AgNP, and UL_AgNP, respectively, where ALK_AgNP and UL_AgNP were optimally selected based on their synthesis conditions and their toxicity in brine shrimp was quantified. The antibacterial and potential DNA synthesis inhibition mechanism of action (MOA) of ALK_AgNP was further quantified. The results of CNP showed that ACD_CNP and FT_CNP obtained the highest and lowest extraction yield at 14.85 ± 0.25% and 4.16 ± 0.13%, respectively.
- PublicationImmunoproteomic Analysis And Serodiagnosis Of Salmonella Enteretica Typhi And Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections Using Differentially Extracted Whole Cell Bacterial Protein(2023-04)Abdul Lateef Khan, KhairunnisaTyphoid fever is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by Salmonella Typhi. The disease is endemic in developing countries, but alarming number of cases linked to domestic sources have been reported in industrialized countries. The clinical presentation of typhoid fever is highly variable and often overlap with other acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (AUFI). Hence, accurate identification of isolates is important for effective epidemiological intervention. The development of rapid, costeffective diagnostic test is also crucial for early life saving treatment. Therefore, comparative analysis was performed to characterize protein profiles of two differentially extracted Salmonella serovars by sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Separation of protein into three different extractions revealed discriminative protein profiles between the two strains which provided an effective adjunct that can be used as a tool for protein serotyping. A standardized protocol of the dot Enzyme Immunoassay (dot EIA) with differentially extracted antigens derived from S.Typhi and S.spp was established for definitive and differential diagnosis of typhoid fever. The performance of the test was encouraging with high sensitivity and specificity. Following the successful development of 'TYPHOIDYNE μSpot M-Ag Arrays, the antigenic components of the differentially extracted proteins were further characterized by western blot (WB) assay.
- PublicationIn Silico And In Vivo Analysis Of Otu Deubiquitinases Otub1, Otub2 And Otulin Protein-protein Interactions(2023-09)Zulkifli, Nur WahidaIn this post-genomic era, proteomic and interactomic data are important sources for understanding the molecular basis of cell functional diversity. Research in these fields is still progressing, with at least 90% of proteins annotated so far and many more interactions to be uncovered to complete the proteome and interactome maps. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the expansion of human interactome data by focusing on the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) protein-protein interaction (PPI) using several in silico and in vivo approaches. First, a DUBs interactome was built on Cytoscape ver 3.9.1 using data from IMEx database and analysed using various graph theory algorithms. The DUBs interactome consisted of 3,406 nodes and 4,982 edges, whereas a cancer protein subnetwork extracted from the interactome revealed that DUBs are significant in cancer biology. Concluding the interactome study, OTUB1, one of the proteins with strong network characteristics, along with its closest homologue OTUB2, and the newest family member OTULIN, were selected for yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening against human cDNA library derived from HEK293. Y2H bait and cDNA library prey vectors were generated using Gateway technology, first in donor vector TOPO/pDONR222 before being shuffled into destination vector pDEST32/22. The bait vector is sequence-verified, and the prey vector is of sufficient quality and quantity to represent human cDNA with total clones of 6.8×106 cfu. Both vectors were transformed into MaV203 S. cerevisiae strain for Y2H screening to identify putative interacting proteins
- PublicationInvestigation Of Time-Of-Flight (TOF) Imaging System During Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold Radiotherapy (DIBH-RT) For Left Breast Cancer Patients(2022-04)Auwal, Abu BakarDeep inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy (DIBH-RT) pushes the heart away from treatment field thereby reducing the cardiac dose by over 50%. However, poor reproducibility and stability of the breath-hold during DIBH-RT treatment delivery could jeopardise the treatment success. The purpose of this work was to study the application of a Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging system for monitoring breath-hold during DIBH-RT. Argos P330 3D ToF Camera (Bluetechnix Austria) was characterised by imaging an ISOCube phantom to assess the ToF measurement stability in conjunction with CBCT. Subsequently, the ToF imaging was performed on a total of 13 DIBH-RT patients during setup verification with CBCT imaging. Chest surface displacements were estimated from each modality and compared to validate the ToF measurement.
- PublicationInvestigation On Antiproliferative Mechanisms Of Alstonia Angustilobasilver Nanoparticles In Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma(2023-08)Ab Rahim, NurhidayahTraditional methods of nanoparticles synthesis frequently use toxics chemicals and substantial energy, which may have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Recently, plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a promising green synthesis method. Herein, we reported the green synthesis of AgNPs using the aqueous extract of A. angustiloba leaves and assessed its antiproliferative mechanisms. Initially, the physiochemical properties of A. angustiloba-AgNPs were characterised using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and zeta sizer analyses. The cytotoxicity of A. angustiloba-AgNPs was examined by MTT assays against the A431 cancer cell line. The morphology of the treated cells was examined using fluorescence microscopy and the antiproliferative mechanisms of the nanoparticles in A431 cells were investigated by annexin-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining and DNA cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. The intracellular ROS levels were measured using a commercially available kit. The expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-related proteins was determined by Western blotting.
- PublicationInvestigation On Cancer Chemopreventive Activity Of Fabricated Tq Encapsulated Plga-Pf68 Nanoparticles On Selected Breast Cancer Cell Lines(2022-02)Nurul Shahfiza Binti NoorDrug resistance is remains as a major obstacle in breast cancer therapy. This has attracted considerable interest to overcome drug resistance with bioactive compounds. Free thymoquinone (TQ) has been extensively studied for its anticancer properties. In the clinical setting, its therapeutic potential has not been explored due to its volatile nature. Therefore, the study aimed to develop TQ polymeric nanoparticles and evaluate its effects on drug resistant breast cancer cells.
- PublicationIsolation And Characterization Of Aptamers Against Leptospira Lipl32(2023-06)Yeoh Tzi ShienIn this study, both DNA and RNA aptamers were developed against LipL32. LepRapt-11 was shown to be the most potent RNA aptamer, with dissociation constant and limit of detection of 350 ± 47.45 and 100 nM as determined by direct Enzyme-linked Aptasorbent Assay (ELASA), respectively.
- PublicationMolecular Toxico-Pathology Responses Of EUDRILUS EUGENIAE TO 2- AMINO-l-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5- bJPYRIDINE (PhIP) AND 2-AMINO-3,8- DIMETHYLIMIDAZO [4,5-f]QUINOXALINE (MeIQx)(2019-01)Balogun, Wasiu GbolahanThe carcinogenic risks of highly heated proteinaceous foods are at large associated with the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), evidence in their substantial presence in the biota. The earthworm Eiidrilus eugeniae (E. eugeniae) is a terrestrial ubiquitous animal, susceptible to toxicity from environmental contamination, and a suitable model for understanding the mechanism of toxic agents such as HCAs. Thus, this study elucidated the vulnerability of E. eugeniae to HCAs induced toxicity using a modified OECD TG207 approach.
- PublicationOptimisation Of Quality Performance Parameters For Digital Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) System(2023-06)Rabba James AnthonyThe cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system has been widely used in dental imaging for various dentomaxillofacial applications. A standardised testing protocol for evaluation of a wide range of CBCT performance and image quality parameters is still limited and the commercially available testing tool is unaffordable by some centres. This study aims to evaluate the performance parameters and optimise the quality assurance (QA) test for digital dental CBCT system.
- PublicationPhysico-Mechanical And Biological Evaluation Of Three-Dimensional Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane And Polylactic Acid Scaffold For Tracheal Tissue Engineering(2023-02)Samat, Asmak AbdulSurgical restoration of extensive tracheal lesions is complicated, and it necessitates the use of a biocompatible, mechanically stable, and non-toxic material that degrades gradually to overcome the limitation of allografts. A three-dimensional (3D) printed tracheal scaffold produced from polymers is one option for addressing some of the challenges in tracheal transplantation. Polymer blending is one approach for creating material with specific properties for a trachea scaffold. The goal of this study was to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend as prospective tracheal replacement materials. Both materials are well-known for their promising properties when utilised independently, thus broadly employed in various applications, especially in the biomedical field. It is hypothesised that combining the two materials and the subsequent 3D printing method produces a composite with suitable qualities for tracheal replacement. Different TPU and PLA compositions were melt-blended and characterised for their physical and mechanical properties,
- PublicationProteomic Analyses Of Streblus Asper Root Extract On Cervical Cancer(2022-02)Roslan, Muhammad Nabil FikriCervical cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in women. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, there were 569,847 incidents and 311,365 deaths worldwide in 2018. The current treatment options such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been typically found to cause adverse side effects that hinder the treatment efficacy. In contrast, natural products have been found to provide better treatment efficacy. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of one natural product known as Streblus asper root extract to be an alternative prospect to the current treatment practise.