Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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A Case Control Study To Determine The Association Of Blood Groups And Allergic Rhinitis
(2022-08)
Chai Hui Yi
The primary objective is to discover the association between ABO/rhesus blood groups and allergic rhinitis. Also, this study aimed to find out the association of demographic factors (gender and races) of patients and ABO blood groups.
A Five Year (2013-2017) Retrospective Study On The Data Of Laboratory Testing For Biocompatibility Of Medical Device Implant Registered With Malaysia Medical Device Authority
(2021-11)
Sunthara Murthi A/L Anamalai
The study focused on the implantable medical devices which require most number of biocompatibility data. Data collection form reflecting the MeDC@St data entry pages is prepared to manually retrieve the deposited information for registration between July 2013 to December 2017, amounting to 1925 registration with some exceeds 100 pages content per registration.
Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of Ruthana Date Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera)
(2023-03)
Faris, Alsarayrah Nosiba Atallah
Ruthana date fruit, one of the finest types of dates, contains various nutrients and phytochemical compounds important for human health. Therefore, it is important to highlight the analysis of the medicinal value of these fruits in studies related to clinical nutrition. In this study, phenols, and flavonoid contents of date fruit methanolic extract (DFME) were measured due to their importance in inhibiting activities of free radicals. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by several analytical methods, which include 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS+), and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay (NO). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of DFME were studied in vitro using albumin denaturation, and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The results showed that DFME contains a high value of polyphenol compounds.
Analysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach
(2023-05)
Iqbal Iman Bin Ruzi
The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
Application Of Green Silicone Surfactant In Microextraction Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Food Samples
(2022-02)
Vasagee Elencovan
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphate chemicals that have been extensively applied in field crops to get rid of pests and insects. The repeated consumption of OPPs in agriculture, lead to their presence at trace quantity in food products and thus, there is a growing demand for the identification and quantification of OPPs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of a novel green nonionic silicone surfactant (SS) in the development of various extraction techniques for the determination of OPPs in food samples. Firstly, the SS has been explored as an emulsifier in vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SS-VALLME) for the determination of OPPs in food samples with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SS facilitates the emulsification of extraction solvent into the aqueous matrix solution thus enhancing the partitioning of target OPPs into the extraction phase. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of the proposed method were in the range of 0.008 − 0.1 μgL-1 while good determination coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9989 to 0.9994 were obtained. Application of the developed method gave acceptable relative recovery of OPPs (80 − 118%) from food samples. Next, the green SS was further explored by combining with dodecanoic acid (DoAc) to produce deep eutectic solvent (DES) in which the SS acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while the DoAc acts as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The newly synthesized SS:DoAc based DES was applied in VALLME as an emulsifier.
Characterisation Of Hydroxyapatite Coated And Uncoated Titanium And Effects Towards Saos-2 Cells
(2024-04)
Hamid, Mohammad Idham Abd
Titanium and its alloys have been recently emphasised as potential biocompatible metals due to their good mechanical properties such as being low density but stronger, withstanding strain during internal fixation and having good durability. This study focused more on the biocompatibility study. In this study, uncoated and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated samples were used. HA-coated samples were prepared by coating HA onto a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) using the solvent casting method. The uncoated samples were prepared by grinding and polishing the Ti6Al4V samples. First characterisation was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) on both types of samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted with the coating of HA-coated samples. The biocompatibility of the samples was evaluated using Saos-2 cells using MTT, LDH and Sircol collagen assay. On FESEM characterisation, the coating of HA onto Ti6Al4V, achieved through the solvent casting method, led to irregularities in the morphological surface characteristics compared to uncoated Ti6Al4V. Analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) demonstrated the presence of crystalline phase in the HA-coated Ti6Al4V. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of phosphate and carbon organic compounds on the surface of HA-coated Ti6Al4V. A positive cell response to the titanium ions was revealed during the first 7 days of the biocompatibility study using the indirect method such as MTT, LDH and Sircol collagen assay.
Class Iii Skeletal Base In Malay Population: Characterisation Of Skeletal Phenotypes And Association With Familial Inheritance
(2023-03)
Ran, Arron Lim Yan
Class III skeletal discrepancy results from the disproportionate growth of the maxilla and mandible. Dentofacial skeletal features vary significantly between different ethnicities and Class III malocclusions, which are difficult to treat, were highly prevalent in Malaysians compared to other races. In the Malay population, the skeletal phenotypes of Class III skeletal base have never been investigated. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to investigate and characterise the different Class III skeletal phenotypes in a racially homogenous adult Malay population and determine their association with familial inheritance. This study also sought to determine the prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III skeletal base among Malay patients attending the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) orthodontic clinic, determine the precursor for genetic analysis using multivariate reduction method and ascertain the proportion of familial occurrence of Class III skeletal base.
Comparison Of Analgesic Effect Of Subcutaneous Bupivacaine Infiltration And Intravenous Diclofenac Vs. Intravenous Diclofenac Alone In Inguinal Hernioplasty: A Retrospective, Single Centre Study In Gaza
(2023-10)
S Alijla, Said S
Postoperative pain is a significant problem encountered by patients after a surgical intervention, and there is a crucial need for effective postoperative pain control. Studies showed that multimodal analgesia and wound infiltration are effective ways to reduce this pain and have a substantial role in the reduction of postoperative medications requirement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous infiltration of bupivacaine hydrochloride and intravenous diclofenac as postoperative pain relief in adults undergoing inguinal hernia repair. A single-centre retrospective case-control study included 104 patients aged 18-65 undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair at the selected hospital. The patients were in two groups of 52 each. Group A received 75 mg dose of IV diclofenac plus a subcutaneous injection of 10 mL of bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) 0.5% while Group B only received the IV diclofenac alone. The postoperative pain was assessed at one, two, three, six, and 12 hrs after the operation using the visual analog scale (VAS), which exhibited a range of pain from zero (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain). Of a total of 104 patients, 92% of patients were male. The mean age was 36 ± 11 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22 ± 3 kg/m2. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class I was statistically insignificant between both groups (90.4% versus 84.6%).
Construction Of Gene Expression Model On Relationship Between Candida Albicans And Colorectal Cancer
(2024-07)
Zhang, Haoling
This study primarily explores the paradox of whether Candida albicans (C. albicans) promotes or inhibits the development of Colorectal cancer (CRC), focusing on its metabolites mixture for relevant arguments. Differential gene analysis was initially employed to construct a model of differential gene-related prognostic genes (mRNAs) and was internally and externally validated within biological information databases. The impact of metabolites mixture on CRC cell viability was assessed utilizing the CCK-8 assay at different time intervals (12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and concentrations (OD600 approximately 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). qRT-PCR was employed to assess the mRNA expression levels of prognostic genes EHD4, LIME1, GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1 in each group of CRC cells. Cell invasion and migration capabilities were evaluated through Transwell experiments. Finally, the eATP content was determined using an ATP detection kit. This study identified a total of 213 differentially expressed genes. A prognostic model containing 5 specific mRNA markers, namely EHD4, LIME1, GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1, was constructed. C. albicans metabolites mixture reduced CRC cell activity. qRT-PCR results showed that compared to normal colonic epithelial cells, LIME and EHD4 were downregulated in CRC cells, while FDFT1 expression was significantly upregulated.
Development Of Amino-functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanocomposite For The Magnetic Solid-phase Extraction Of Β-lactam Antibiotics In Milk
(2023-08)
Halim, Wan Ibrahim Thani Abd
This study describes a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized magnetic silica nanocomposites (MSN) for the determination of four β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) namely oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), and nafcillin (NAF) in milk samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The chemical structure and surface morphology of APTES-MSN were analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Several essential parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied, such as sample pH, amount of sorbent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, volume of desorption solvent, volume of sample, and salt addition. The developed APTES-MSN-MSPE method provided good linearity range from 5 to 500 μg L-1 for OXA, CLO, DIC, and NAF with good coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9987 - 0.9998), low limits of detection (0.26 -1.00 μg L-1), acceptable RSD% (n = 3) (1.59% – 5.00%) and satisfactory relative recoveries (93.43% – 113.42%). The APTES-MSN- MSPE combined with HPLC-DAD was successfully employed for the analysis of targeted BLAs in 15 selected milk samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 4 samples.
Development Of An Enzyme-Linked Aptasorbant Assay In Detecting Dengue Virus 2 Ns1 Biomarker
(2022-09)
Thevendran A/L Ramesh
Dengue is an alarming threat to both the health and economy of multiple nations worldwide. However, the current approaches used in the diagnostic application of dengue virus infections are limited to antibodies-based techniques which concurrently possess several disadvantages. Aptamers are a class of folded nucleic acid strands capable of binding to different cognate target molecules with high affinity and selectivity. Aptamers alleviate the drawbacks of antibodies by facilitating as cost-effective and efficient analytical tools in identifying dengue infections.
Development Of Cisplatin Delivery Nanosystem With Chitosan-coated Titania Nanotube Arrays Platform Targeting For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
(2022-06)
Effendy, Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis
Present chemodrug treatment for advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) via cisplatin (CDDP) have limitations such as non-specific biodistribution, dose-limiting toxicities, the emergence of resistant cancer cells and various side effects. Targeted and controlled release of CDDP delivery using titania nanotube arrays (TNA) smart nanosystem may offer a new approach to improve those limitations. TNA was fabricated, characterised, and optimised by electrochemical anodisation for CDDP loading in this study. The CDDP-loaded TNA (CDDP-TNA) encapsulation efficiency was studied using two methods: top-filling and immersion methods. The characterisation was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, ion-coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and wettability test. Biopolymer chitosan-coated CDDP- TNAs were optimised in terms of concentrations of acetic acid for 10 mg/mL chitosan preparation, coating methods, number of coating layers, and biocompatibility of chitosan coating layers. The CDDP release activities from chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA were further investigated in various phosphate buffer saline immersion systems with different pH values, simulated body fluid, and targeted NPC in vitro system. Further intracellular observation was performed using fluorescence microscopy.
Dual-Thresholding Based Sinogram Interpolation To Reduce Metal Artefact In Computed Tomography Imaging
(2021-12)
Nurul Fathin Binti Mohamad Sobri
Metal artefacts can degrade the image quality of computed tomography (CT) images which lead to difficulties and errors in diagnostic analysis. Metal artefacts appear as bright and dark streaks around the metal object. It is caused by beam hardening effects, photons starvation, non-linear partial volume, photon scatter, undersampling and inappropriate correction algorithm during reconstruction of image. The aim of this study is to improve the sinogram interpolation technique for metal artefacts reduction (MAR) in CT images.
Effect Of Nipa (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb.) Vinegar On The Inhibition Of Intestinal Glucose Absorption
(2021-12)
Farjana Yasmin
Nipa palm vinegar is a traditional vinegar widely used in Southeast Asia as a condiment and a home remedy for several ailments. Previous studies have reported the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of nipa palm vinegar. In this study, the effects of consuming nipa palm vinegar on postprandial glucose levels were scrutinized.
Effects Of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Human Corneal Epithelial Cells’ Growth
(2019-12)
Ex vivo cultivated corneal limbal stem cell (LSC) transplantation is the contemporary therapy for comeal epithelial regeneration. The success rate of this therapy is dependent on the cell culture conditions and the carrier system. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) has regenerative ability and are rich with paracrine factors. Cells cultivated in spherical scaffolds could provide a similar in vivo environment to the cell niche and may positively alter the stem cells properties. This study aims to improve the cellular quality of the comeal epithelial transplantation graft using a robust cell population method. Human telomere modified comeal epithelial cells (hTCECs) were co-cultured in direct and indirect cell culture with hUC-MSCs. Characterisation of corneal markers p63, ABCG2, ABCB5, and differentiation marker K3 were performed.
Evaluation Of Pre-Storage Leucoreduction Effect On Pro And Anti-Tumour Cytokines In Whole Blood During Storage
(2024-08)
Saman, Srly
The presence of white blood cells (WBCs) and cytokines in whole blood (WB) during storage may have effect on cancer patients requiring blood transfusions. This study aims to determine the residual of WBCs in WB following leucoreduction and changes in cytokine levels which occur during storage of WB. A total of 31 donors were recruited in this study. Three hundred fifty millilitre of whole blood (WB) was withdrawn from each donor. Half of the blood volume (175 mL) were leucoreduced (LR), while the other half (175 mL) were not leucoreduced and used as a control. Full blood count (FBC) was done using Sysmex KX-21, Japan and residual WBCs subsets were measured using FACSCanto™ II Beckton Dickinson, USA. Cytokines levels from plasma non LR and LR bags on day 0, 10, 20, and 30 days was measured by ELISA method. T-helper (Th) lymphocyte subgroups and gene expression were analysed in the non-LR samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean of all FBC parameters and residual WBCs subsets between these two groups (p < 0.05). Levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were not detected in both bags during storage. There was a significant difference in TGF-β and IFN-γ between non-LR and LR on day 0 to day 10. TGF-β level showed an increase up to day 30. T-bet, GATA-3, and Foxp3 gene expression were detected in non-LR samples. Leucoreduction demonstrated a significant effect on blood parameters, cytokine levels, and gene expression, emphasizing its importance in WB storage.
Gene Expression, Biochemical And Functional Analysis Of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (Stim1) Silencing In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines
(2022-05)
Algariri, Eman Salem Saeed
A stromal interaction molecule (STIM1) was recently discovered to be a critical modulator of cell growth and survival in a variety of cancers. In contrast, the function of STIM1 in AML is still not properly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of STIM1 on the proliferation and survival of AML cell lines by employing a dicer-substrate siRNA (dsiRNA)-mediated silencing technique performed on two AML cell lines, namely THP-1 and Kasumi-1 cells. The expression profile of critical genes involved in proliferation, survival, and ROS production was analyzed through RTqPCR after STIM1 silencing. The intracellular calcium and ROS levels, cell proliferation, and colony formation were also measured after silencing of STIM1. The study findings revealed that STIM1 mRNA expression was higher in THP-1 cells compared to Kasumi- 1 cells. STIM1 silencing, at the mRNA and protein levels, was achieved in THP-1 cells using 10 nM dsiSTIM1 for 24 hours and 20 nM dsiSTIM1 for 48 hours in Kasumi-1 cells. STIM1 silencing resulted in down-regulation of KRAS, MAPK, C-MYC, Akt, NOX2 and PKC in both AML cells, whereas BAX was up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated only in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, STIM1 silencing resulted in a reduction in the intracellular calcium and ROS levels and inhibition of AML cell proliferation and colony formation in both AML cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that STIM1 might have a crucial role in promoting the proliferation and survival of AML cells.
Haemoglobin And Porphyrin Encapsulated Self-Assembled Polymers As Artificial Oxygen Carrier
(2023-10)
Othman, Mislia
Blood transfusion services have a lot of risks such as blood-associated risk, blood incompatibility and shortage of blood supply. To address this issue, researchers explored an artificial oxygen carrier through macromolecules by mimicking the structure of human haemoglobin. The aim of this study is to develop haemoglobin and porphyrin encapsulated self-assembled polymers as artificial oxygen carrier. A porphyrin derivative, tetrakis-4-phenyl porphyrin (TPP) was first synthesised through the reaction of pyrrole and 4-benzaldehyde following the addition of iron, Fe(III) forming tetrakis-4-phenyl porphyrin Fe(III) (TPP Fe(III)). Methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG45) block and poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (ɛ-CL) (mPEG-b-PCL) that formed diblock copolymer and para-nitrophenol core and glycidol that formed hyperbranched polyglycidol (HPG) was synthesised via ring-opening polymerisation (ROP). Extra cted Hb and synthesised TPP Fe(III) were then encapsulated in micelle system with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 1.0-2.0 mg/ml and hyperbranched polyglycidol prepared in equal molar to Hb and TPP Fe(III) concentration. The average encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of human Hb-micelle and TPP Fe(III)-micelle were 67 ± 5.39% and 78 ± 1.38% as compared to 68 ± 2.22% of bovine Hb-micelle. On the other hand, the EE% of human Hb-HPG and TPP Fe(III)-HPG were 58 ± 6.87% and 22 ± 7.12% as compared to 65 ± 9.11% of bovine Hb-HPG.
In Silico Screening For The Identification And Characterization Of Potential Mutations That Confer To Antibiotic Resistance In Malaysian Mdr-Tb Isolates
(2023-02)
The emergence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by the adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive in the presence of antibiotic, which is also contributed by mutations in the MDR-associated genes. Previous studies showed that the knockdown of fhaA gene expression led to peptidoglycan (PG) precursors the accumulating at the bacillary septum and poles, this indicates a probable defect in PG biosynthesis. As a result, the cell wall becomes impermeable to antibiotic, causing MDR. In this study, bioinformatics analyses were performed on MDR-TB isolates from 24 clinical samples to search for novel mutations that contribute to antibiotic resistance. We found out a potential deletion of nucleotides encoding 6 amino acids in 13 samples, in fhaA gene (RV0020c). Subsequent structural analysis shows that the deletion is located at the locus position 243-248, located near the N-terminal of the FHAA protein. Since FHAA protein has a function by binding to MviN protein, it regulates cell growth and peptidoglycan synthesis, we postulated that the deletion will potentially cause the loss of its binding affinity to MviN, resulting in the inhibition and blockage of the peptidoglycan polymerization, causing MDR in MTB. Similarly, another 6 amino acid deletion was also detected for hbhA gene (Rv0475) in 12/14 drug resistant samples. HBHA protein has a function of inducing aggregation in mycobacterial.
Investigating The Association Of Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) Gene Polymorphism And Its Associated Factors To Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) Patients
(2022-08)
Muzaidi, Nur Alya Syamimie
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is widely acknowledged for its crucial function in the process of lipid metabolism and it is associated with elevated likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Controlling the risk factors may help lower the likelihood of developing this disease. The current study has analysed the associations between the APOE gene polymorphism and selected risk factors, as well as lipid profiles among patients diagnosed with a combination of T2DM and CVD. A total of 101 subjects aged between 18 and 80 years old were recruited in this study and were classified into two groups; 59 T2DM subjects with CVD and 42 subjects without CVD. APOE genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-FRLP). The ε3/ε3 genotype was the most common among both groups of T2DM patients with and without CVD, followed by ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε2 genotypes. However, the ε4/ε4 genotype was not present in either group. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) results revealed; that the ε3/ε3 genotype (0.052) (95% Cl 0.003, 0.792), ε3/ allele (34.830) (95% Cl 1.118, 1085.134), SBP (1.046) (95% Cl 1.002, 1.091) and HbA1c (2.286) (95% Cl 1.577, 3.314) were relevant and significant (p-value <0.05). In addition, the association between APOE gene polymorphism and lipid profile has demonstrated that the ε3/ε3 genotype was significant at low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC).

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