Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis
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Browsing Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis by Type "master thesis"
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- PublicationA Case Control Study To Determine The Association Of Blood Groups And Allergic Rhinitis(2022-08)Chai Hui YiThe primary objective is to discover the association between ABO/rhesus blood groups and allergic rhinitis. Also, this study aimed to find out the association of demographic factors (gender and races) of patients and ABO blood groups.
- PublicationA Five Year (2013-2017) Retrospective Study On The Data Of Laboratory Testing For Biocompatibility Of Medical Device Implant Registered With Malaysia Medical Device Authority(2021-11)Sunthara Murthi A/L AnamalaiThe study focused on the implantable medical devices which require most number of biocompatibility data. Data collection form reflecting the MeDC@St data entry pages is prepared to manually retrieve the deposited information for registration between July 2013 to December 2017, amounting to 1925 registration with some exceeds 100 pages content per registration.
- PublicationAnalysis Of Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of Ruthana Date Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera)(2023-03)Faris, Alsarayrah Nosiba AtallahRuthana date fruit, one of the finest types of dates, contains various nutrients and phytochemical compounds important for human health. Therefore, it is important to highlight the analysis of the medicinal value of these fruits in studies related to clinical nutrition. In this study, phenols, and flavonoid contents of date fruit methanolic extract (DFME) were measured due to their importance in inhibiting activities of free radicals. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by several analytical methods, which include 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS+), and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay (NO). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of DFME were studied in vitro using albumin denaturation, and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The results showed that DFME contains a high value of polyphenol compounds.
- PublicationAnalysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach(2023-05)Iqbal Iman Bin RuziThe purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
- PublicationApplication Of Green Silicone Surfactant In Microextraction Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Food Samples(2022-02)Vasagee ElencovanOrganophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphate chemicals that have been extensively applied in field crops to get rid of pests and insects. The repeated consumption of OPPs in agriculture, lead to their presence at trace quantity in food products and thus, there is a growing demand for the identification and quantification of OPPs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of a novel green nonionic silicone surfactant (SS) in the development of various extraction techniques for the determination of OPPs in food samples. Firstly, the SS has been explored as an emulsifier in vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SS-VALLME) for the determination of OPPs in food samples with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SS facilitates the emulsification of extraction solvent into the aqueous matrix solution thus enhancing the partitioning of target OPPs into the extraction phase. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of the proposed method were in the range of 0.008 − 0.1 μgL-1 while good determination coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9989 to 0.9994 were obtained. Application of the developed method gave acceptable relative recovery of OPPs (80 − 118%) from food samples. Next, the green SS was further explored by combining with dodecanoic acid (DoAc) to produce deep eutectic solvent (DES) in which the SS acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while the DoAc acts as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The newly synthesized SS:DoAc based DES was applied in VALLME as an emulsifier.
- PublicationClass Iii Skeletal Base In Malay Population: Characterisation Of Skeletal Phenotypes And Association With Familial Inheritance(2023-03)Ran, Arron Lim YanClass III skeletal discrepancy results from the disproportionate growth of the maxilla and mandible. Dentofacial skeletal features vary significantly between different ethnicities and Class III malocclusions, which are difficult to treat, were highly prevalent in Malaysians compared to other races. In the Malay population, the skeletal phenotypes of Class III skeletal base have never been investigated. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to investigate and characterise the different Class III skeletal phenotypes in a racially homogenous adult Malay population and determine their association with familial inheritance. This study also sought to determine the prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III skeletal base among Malay patients attending the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) orthodontic clinic, determine the precursor for genetic analysis using multivariate reduction method and ascertain the proportion of familial occurrence of Class III skeletal base.
- PublicationComparison Of Analgesic Effect Of Subcutaneous Bupivacaine Infiltration And Intravenous Diclofenac Vs. Intravenous Diclofenac Alone In Inguinal Hernioplasty: A Retrospective, Single Centre Study In Gaza(2023-10)S Alijla, Said SPostoperative pain is a significant problem encountered by patients after a surgical intervention, and there is a crucial need for effective postoperative pain control. Studies showed that multimodal analgesia and wound infiltration are effective ways to reduce this pain and have a substantial role in the reduction of postoperative medications requirement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous infiltration of bupivacaine hydrochloride and intravenous diclofenac as postoperative pain relief in adults undergoing inguinal hernia repair. A single-centre retrospective case-control study included 104 patients aged 18-65 undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair at the selected hospital. The patients were in two groups of 52 each. Group A received 75 mg dose of IV diclofenac plus a subcutaneous injection of 10 mL of bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) 0.5% while Group B only received the IV diclofenac alone. The postoperative pain was assessed at one, two, three, six, and 12 hrs after the operation using the visual analog scale (VAS), which exhibited a range of pain from zero (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain). Of a total of 104 patients, 92% of patients were male. The mean age was 36 ± 11 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22 ± 3 kg/m2. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class I was statistically insignificant between both groups (90.4% versus 84.6%).
- PublicationDevelopment Of Amino-functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanocomposite For The Magnetic Solid-phase Extraction Of Β-lactam Antibiotics In Milk(2023-08)Halim, Wan Ibrahim Thani AbdThis study describes a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized magnetic silica nanocomposites (MSN) for the determination of four β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) namely oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), and nafcillin (NAF) in milk samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The chemical structure and surface morphology of APTES-MSN were analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Several essential parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied, such as sample pH, amount of sorbent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, volume of desorption solvent, volume of sample, and salt addition. The developed APTES-MSN-MSPE method provided good linearity range from 5 to 500 μg L-1 for OXA, CLO, DIC, and NAF with good coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9987 - 0.9998), low limits of detection (0.26 -1.00 μg L-1), acceptable RSD% (n = 3) (1.59% – 5.00%) and satisfactory relative recoveries (93.43% – 113.42%). The APTES-MSN- MSPE combined with HPLC-DAD was successfully employed for the analysis of targeted BLAs in 15 selected milk samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 4 samples.
- PublicationDevelopment Of An Enzyme-Linked Aptasorbant Assay In Detecting Dengue Virus 2 Ns1 Biomarker(2022-09)Thevendran A/L RameshDengue is an alarming threat to both the health and economy of multiple nations worldwide. However, the current approaches used in the diagnostic application of dengue virus infections are limited to antibodies-based techniques which concurrently possess several disadvantages. Aptamers are a class of folded nucleic acid strands capable of binding to different cognate target molecules with high affinity and selectivity. Aptamers alleviate the drawbacks of antibodies by facilitating as cost-effective and efficient analytical tools in identifying dengue infections.
- PublicationDevelopment Of Cisplatin Delivery Nanosystem With Chitosan-coated Titania Nanotube Arrays Platform Targeting For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma(2022-06)Effendy, Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan EddisPresent chemodrug treatment for advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) via cisplatin (CDDP) have limitations such as non-specific biodistribution, dose-limiting toxicities, the emergence of resistant cancer cells and various side effects. Targeted and controlled release of CDDP delivery using titania nanotube arrays (TNA) smart nanosystem may offer a new approach to improve those limitations. TNA was fabricated, characterised, and optimised by electrochemical anodisation for CDDP loading in this study. The CDDP-loaded TNA (CDDP-TNA) encapsulation efficiency was studied using two methods: top-filling and immersion methods. The characterisation was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, ion-coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and wettability test. Biopolymer chitosan-coated CDDP- TNAs were optimised in terms of concentrations of acetic acid for 10 mg/mL chitosan preparation, coating methods, number of coating layers, and biocompatibility of chitosan coating layers. The CDDP release activities from chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA were further investigated in various phosphate buffer saline immersion systems with different pH values, simulated body fluid, and targeted NPC in vitro system. Further intracellular observation was performed using fluorescence microscopy.
- PublicationDual-Thresholding Based Sinogram Interpolation To Reduce Metal Artefact In Computed Tomography Imaging(2021-12)Nurul Fathin Binti Mohamad SobriMetal artefacts can degrade the image quality of computed tomography (CT) images which lead to difficulties and errors in diagnostic analysis. Metal artefacts appear as bright and dark streaks around the metal object. It is caused by beam hardening effects, photons starvation, non-linear partial volume, photon scatter, undersampling and inappropriate correction algorithm during reconstruction of image. The aim of this study is to improve the sinogram interpolation technique for metal artefacts reduction (MAR) in CT images.
- PublicationEffect Of Nipa (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb.) Vinegar On The Inhibition Of Intestinal Glucose Absorption(2021-12)Farjana YasminNipa palm vinegar is a traditional vinegar widely used in Southeast Asia as a condiment and a home remedy for several ailments. Previous studies have reported the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of nipa palm vinegar. In this study, the effects of consuming nipa palm vinegar on postprandial glucose levels were scrutinized.
- PublicationEffects Of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Human Corneal Epithelial Cells’ Growth(2019-12)Ex vivo cultivated corneal limbal stem cell (LSC) transplantation is the contemporary therapy for comeal epithelial regeneration. The success rate of this therapy is dependent on the cell culture conditions and the carrier system. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) has regenerative ability and are rich with paracrine factors. Cells cultivated in spherical scaffolds could provide a similar in vivo environment to the cell niche and may positively alter the stem cells properties. This study aims to improve the cellular quality of the comeal epithelial transplantation graft using a robust cell population method. Human telomere modified comeal epithelial cells (hTCECs) were co-cultured in direct and indirect cell culture with hUC-MSCs. Characterisation of corneal markers p63, ABCG2, ABCB5, and differentiation marker K3 were performed.
- PublicationGene Expression, Biochemical And Functional Analysis Of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (Stim1) Silencing In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines(2022-05)Algariri, Eman Salem SaeedA stromal interaction molecule (STIM1) was recently discovered to be a critical modulator of cell growth and survival in a variety of cancers. In contrast, the function of STIM1 in AML is still not properly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of STIM1 on the proliferation and survival of AML cell lines by employing a dicer-substrate siRNA (dsiRNA)-mediated silencing technique performed on two AML cell lines, namely THP-1 and Kasumi-1 cells. The expression profile of critical genes involved in proliferation, survival, and ROS production was analyzed through RTqPCR after STIM1 silencing. The intracellular calcium and ROS levels, cell proliferation, and colony formation were also measured after silencing of STIM1. The study findings revealed that STIM1 mRNA expression was higher in THP-1 cells compared to Kasumi- 1 cells. STIM1 silencing, at the mRNA and protein levels, was achieved in THP-1 cells using 10 nM dsiSTIM1 for 24 hours and 20 nM dsiSTIM1 for 48 hours in Kasumi-1 cells. STIM1 silencing resulted in down-regulation of KRAS, MAPK, C-MYC, Akt, NOX2 and PKC in both AML cells, whereas BAX was up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated only in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, STIM1 silencing resulted in a reduction in the intracellular calcium and ROS levels and inhibition of AML cell proliferation and colony formation in both AML cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that STIM1 might have a crucial role in promoting the proliferation and survival of AML cells.
- PublicationHaemoglobin And Porphyrin Encapsulated Self-Assembled Polymers As Artificial Oxygen Carrier(2023-10)Othman, MisliaBlood transfusion services have a lot of risks such as blood-associated risk, blood incompatibility and shortage of blood supply. To address this issue, researchers explored an artificial oxygen carrier through macromolecules by mimicking the structure of human haemoglobin. The aim of this study is to develop haemoglobin and porphyrin encapsulated self-assembled polymers as artificial oxygen carrier. A porphyrin derivative, tetrakis-4-phenyl porphyrin (TPP) was first synthesised through the reaction of pyrrole and 4-benzaldehyde following the addition of iron, Fe(III) forming tetrakis-4-phenyl porphyrin Fe(III) (TPP Fe(III)). Methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG45) block and poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (ɛ-CL) (mPEG-b-PCL) that formed diblock copolymer and para-nitrophenol core and glycidol that formed hyperbranched polyglycidol (HPG) was synthesised via ring-opening polymerisation (ROP). Extra cted Hb and synthesised TPP Fe(III) were then encapsulated in micelle system with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 1.0-2.0 mg/ml and hyperbranched polyglycidol prepared in equal molar to Hb and TPP Fe(III) concentration. The average encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of human Hb-micelle and TPP Fe(III)-micelle were 67 ± 5.39% and 78 ± 1.38% as compared to 68 ± 2.22% of bovine Hb-micelle. On the other hand, the EE% of human Hb-HPG and TPP Fe(III)-HPG were 58 ± 6.87% and 22 ± 7.12% as compared to 65 ± 9.11% of bovine Hb-HPG.
- PublicationIn Silico Screening For The Identification And Characterization Of Potential Mutations That Confer To Antibiotic Resistance In Malaysian Mdr-Tb Isolates(2023-02)The emergence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by the adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive in the presence of antibiotic, which is also contributed by mutations in the MDR-associated genes. Previous studies showed that the knockdown of fhaA gene expression led to peptidoglycan (PG) precursors the accumulating at the bacillary septum and poles, this indicates a probable defect in PG biosynthesis. As a result, the cell wall becomes impermeable to antibiotic, causing MDR. In this study, bioinformatics analyses were performed on MDR-TB isolates from 24 clinical samples to search for novel mutations that contribute to antibiotic resistance. We found out a potential deletion of nucleotides encoding 6 amino acids in 13 samples, in fhaA gene (RV0020c). Subsequent structural analysis shows that the deletion is located at the locus position 243-248, located near the N-terminal of the FHAA protein. Since FHAA protein has a function by binding to MviN protein, it regulates cell growth and peptidoglycan synthesis, we postulated that the deletion will potentially cause the loss of its binding affinity to MviN, resulting in the inhibition and blockage of the peptidoglycan polymerization, causing MDR in MTB. Similarly, another 6 amino acid deletion was also detected for hbhA gene (Rv0475) in 12/14 drug resistant samples. HBHA protein has a function of inducing aggregation in mycobacterial.
- PublicationInvestigating The Association Of Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) Gene Polymorphism And Its Associated Factors To Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) Patients(2022-08)Muzaidi, Nur Alya SyamimieApolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is widely acknowledged for its crucial function in the process of lipid metabolism and it is associated with elevated likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Controlling the risk factors may help lower the likelihood of developing this disease. The current study has analysed the associations between the APOE gene polymorphism and selected risk factors, as well as lipid profiles among patients diagnosed with a combination of T2DM and CVD. A total of 101 subjects aged between 18 and 80 years old were recruited in this study and were classified into two groups; 59 T2DM subjects with CVD and 42 subjects without CVD. APOE genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-FRLP). The ε3/ε3 genotype was the most common among both groups of T2DM patients with and without CVD, followed by ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε2 genotypes. However, the ε4/ε4 genotype was not present in either group. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) results revealed; that the ε3/ε3 genotype (0.052) (95% Cl 0.003, 0.792), ε3/ allele (34.830) (95% Cl 1.118, 1085.134), SBP (1.046) (95% Cl 1.002, 1.091) and HbA1c (2.286) (95% Cl 1.577, 3.314) were relevant and significant (p-value <0.05). In addition, the association between APOE gene polymorphism and lipid profile has demonstrated that the ε3/ε3 genotype was significant at low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC).
- PublicationMetal Ions Leachables And Microstructure Of Fake Orthodontic Braces: An In Vitro Study(2022-03)Ibrahim Alkurdi, Riyam HaleemFake braces are an artificial orthodontic device that are now gaining attention and becoming increasingly popular among teenagers and youths in Malaysia. It involves illegal practitioners with doubtful quality and standard of tools and materials which have not been sterilised. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the elemental changes and the microstructure of fake braces immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and artificial saliva (AS). Five different fake braces were immersed in SBF and AS at 37 ˚C, and one fixed orthodontic appliance was used as control. The elementary changes of fake braces were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to analyse the morphological changes of the braces, assessed at days 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. The data have been analysed by using One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni with P<0.05 considered as statistically significant. After immersion in SBF, ICP-OES revealed Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mo, B, Pb, Al, and P ions released from fake braces samples had significant ions release compared to control samples. When immersed in AS, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Pb, and Al ions, have significant ions releasing fake samples.
- PublicationNanoencapsulation Of Thiolated Sodium Alginate: Synthesis, Drug Release And Cellular Uptake Studies(2018-11)Oral drug delivery has becoming the most preferred route of administration for chemotherapeutic drugs, however its application is limited due to lack of drug targeting specificity to the localised cancerous cells but not to the normal cells. Polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery is a potential solution to deliver hydrophobic drugs specifically to colon, thus causing less side effects.
- PublicationObesity Management In Adults Among Primary Care Doctors: A Qualitative Study(2023-06)Zaid Ahmad Khan, Ezzah DalilahNumber of people living with obesity are on the rise worldwide. Malaysia, too, is not spared from the global epidemic of obesity and has been labelled as the fattest nation in Southeast Asia. The objectives aimed are (1) to explore the factors influencing obesity management in adults among PCDs, (2) to investigate the experiences and perceptions of PCDs in obesity management in adults, (3) to evaluate the knowledge of obesity management in adults among PCDs, and (4) to determine the enablers and barriers in obesity management in adults among PCDs. This study adopted a qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews (IDIs) guided with semi-structured questionnaire. Ten PCDs were selected purposively to participate in the study. Interviews were conducted virtually where all the audio recordings were transcribed verbatim before being exported to the ATLAS.ti 8 software for data analysis. Thematic analyses were applied to identify common themes when data saturation was achieved. The findings revealed that PCDs have limited knowledge, received minimal training and support in managing obesity among adults. Undoubtedly, primary care is the best setting for patients to seek obesity treatment for its accessibility and continuity of care. Managing obesity would be successful when PCDs are well equipped with knowledge and training, able to sustain patients’ motivation, and receive sufficient support from the healthcare system.