Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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A Case Control Study To Determine The Association Of Blood Groups And Allergic Rhinitis
(2022-08)
Chai Hui Yi
The primary objective is to discover the association between ABO/rhesus blood groups and allergic rhinitis. Also, this study aimed to find out the association of demographic factors (gender and races) of patients and ABO blood groups.
A Five Year (2013-2017) Retrospective Study On The Data Of Laboratory Testing For Biocompatibility Of Medical Device Implant Registered With Malaysia Medical Device Authority
(2021-11)
Sunthara Murthi A/L Anamalai
The study focused on the implantable medical devices which require most number of biocompatibility data. Data collection form reflecting the MeDC@St data entry pages is prepared to manually retrieve the deposited information for registration between July 2013 to December 2017, amounting to 1925 registration with some exceeds 100 pages content per registration.
Accuracy Of 131i Activity Quantification And Dosimetry In Thyroid Phantom Using 3d-image Based Spect/CT
(2021)
Mohd Yahya, Mohd Hizwan
Quantitative imaging gives a better understanding of the distribution of radioactivity that can be used in the estimation of absorbed dose in the specific target organ. The goal of this study was to obtain the accuracy of 131I activity quantification and dosimetry in thyroid uptake phantom using 3-dimensional (3D) SPECT/CT imaging. In this study, a series of SPECT/CT acquisitions of the thyroid uptake was performed. Images of different voxel sizes 64, 128, and 256 with several iterations numbers were reconstructed using ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OSEM). The quantification of the activity in the phantom was determined using a Medical Image Data Examiner (AMIDE) software based on the mean, maximum, 0.7 maximum and 0.6 maximum value. The cumulated activity in the phantom was determined by the calculating area under the curve (AUC) in the time-activity curve. The results showed that the mean value of 128 and 256 voxel show a better result with the error obtained between 4.1% and 18.2% whereas for the maximum value, it gives an overestimate count with the error up to 78%. The cumulated activity derived from SPECT/CT showed an error margin of 15%. The dosimetry result of organ absorbed dose using 3D imaged based dosimetry was approximately 16.1% lower than the absorbed dose measure using Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeter. This research shows that the 3D image based SPECT/CT with good quantification accuracy capable of estimating organ absorbed dose in131I therapy.
Anaemia And Red Blood Cell Transfusion Among Breast Cancer Patients At Tertiary Centres In Kelantan
(2022-05)
Ramli, Nur Akuna
Pengenalan: Anemia semasa kemoterapi adalah salah satu beban bagi pesakit kanser. Namun, data yang sedia ada mengenai prevalensi anemia serta rawatan untuk anemia seperti transfusi darah sering berbeza. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti prevalensi anemia dan praktis transfusi darah di kalangan pesakit kanser payudara serta menentukan faktor penyebab anemia akibat kemoterapi. Kaedah: Kajian kohort retrospektif ini dilakukan di Kelantan melibatkan 104 pesakit kanser payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi. Chi-square digunakan untuk perbandingan antara kumpulan yang mendapat anemia akibat kemoterapi atau tidak berdasarkan demografik pesakit, kriteria klinikal dan rawatan kanser payudara. Simple dan multiple logistic regression digunakan untuk menentukan hasil yang berkaitan. Keputusan: Sebelum menjalani rawatan kemoterapi, 40.4% pesakit mempunyai anemia. Terdapat 30.8% telah menerima transfusi darah merah semasa kemoterapi dengan purata hemoglobin sebelum transfusi darah ialah 7.9 g/dL. Anemia akibat kemoterapi direkodkan sebanyak 54.8%. Waiau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan signifikan dicatatkan berkenaan anemia akibat kemoterapi dari segi demografik pesakit, data klinikal dan rawatan kanser payudara. Kesimpulan: Peratusan anemia yang tinggi dicatatkan di kalangan pesakit kanser payudara yang meningkat selepas menjalani kemoterapi. Lebih kurang 1/3 daripada pesakit memerlukan transfusi darah merah. Penilaian awal mengenai pesakit yang berisiko untuk anemia dengan penggunaan erythropoietin dan iron boleh mengurangkan prevalensi anemia akibat kemoterapi. Mengoptimumkan rawatan untuk anemia adalah penting, seterusnya meminimumkan akibat buruk dan membantu pesakit.
Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of Ruthana Date Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera)
(2023-03)
Faris, Alsarayrah Nosiba Atallah
Ruthana date fruit, one of the finest types of dates, contains various nutrients and phytochemical compounds important for human health. Therefore, it is important to highlight the analysis of the medicinal value of these fruits in studies related to clinical nutrition. In this study, phenols, and flavonoid contents of date fruit methanolic extract (DFME) were measured due to their importance in inhibiting activities of free radicals. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by several analytical methods, which include 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS+), and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay (NO). In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of DFME were studied in vitro using albumin denaturation, and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The results showed that DFME contains a high value of polyphenol compounds.
Analysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach
(2023-05)
Iqbal Iman Bin Ruzi
The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
Application Of Green Silicone Surfactant In Microextraction Of Organophosphorus Pesticides In Food Samples
(2022-02)
Vasagee Elencovan
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphate chemicals that have been extensively applied in field crops to get rid of pests and insects. The repeated consumption of OPPs in agriculture, lead to their presence at trace quantity in food products and thus, there is a growing demand for the identification and quantification of OPPs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of a novel green nonionic silicone surfactant (SS) in the development of various extraction techniques for the determination of OPPs in food samples. Firstly, the SS has been explored as an emulsifier in vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SS-VALLME) for the determination of OPPs in food samples with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SS facilitates the emulsification of extraction solvent into the aqueous matrix solution thus enhancing the partitioning of target OPPs into the extraction phase. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) of the proposed method were in the range of 0.008 − 0.1 μgL-1 while good determination coefficients (R2) varied from 0.9989 to 0.9994 were obtained. Application of the developed method gave acceptable relative recovery of OPPs (80 − 118%) from food samples. Next, the green SS was further explored by combining with dodecanoic acid (DoAc) to produce deep eutectic solvent (DES) in which the SS acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) while the DoAc acts as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The newly synthesized SS:DoAc based DES was applied in VALLME as an emulsifier.
Association Between Eight Weeks Of Isometric Handgrip Training And Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/deletion Gene Polymorphism In Hypertensive Individuals.
(2024-08)
Yusof, Wan Mohammad Nazrin Wan
A prevalent global health concern is hypertension, affecting over 1 billion people worldwide. Physical exercise plays a crucial role in the lifestyle management of individuals with high blood pressure. This investigation seeks to link ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the effects of eight weeks isometric handgrip (IHG) training and detraining regimen on cardiovascular and muscular function in unmedicated hypertensive population in Malaysia. To assess the cardiovascular and muscular impacts of an eight-week IHG and detraining program across different ACE I/D genotype groups, this study involved fifty-eight unmedicated individuals with hypertension. They were randomly assigned to two groups, namely the training and control groups. The training group comprised 29 participants (mean age: 40.45 ± 9.22), consisting of 22 males and seven females. Simultaneously, the control group included 29 participants (mean age: 37.41 ± 9.03), with 15 males and 14 females. Participants in the IHG group received IHG training three times per week for eight weeks, followed by another eight weeks of detraining in which they did not receive IHG training or any organized exercise. For eight weeks, those in the control group (CON) did not participate in any exercise regimen. Based on the findings of the present study, an eight-week IHG training program resulted in a reduction of the cardiovascular parameter, as indicated by a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), while maintaining consistent levels of muscle variables.
Characterisation And Radiation Shielding Properties Of Commercial Ceramic Materials Using Kilovoltage Photon Beam
(2024-11)
Zakaria, Mohd Aizuddin
The study evaluate the suitability of ceramics for radiation shielding in terms of their characteristic and shielding properties. The usual wall construction for diagnostic imaging rooms consists of a certain thickness of concrete, bricks, barium plaster and lead. However, lead is harmful to health, in the long term. Alternatively, ceramics are a more sustainable source of radiation shielding compared to lead. This study is focus on examining twelve (12) different types of ceramic samples labelled as c1-s1 to c12-s11. Each ceramic sample were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem), energy dispersive x-ray (edx) and x-ray fluorescence (xrf) analysis to assess the characteristics of the ceramic structures, including topography, morphology, elemental content, and percentage. An experimental setup to determined the radiation shielding properties was performed for all the ceramic samples. Among all the ceramic sample, c3-s3, c5-s9 and c8-s4 were selected for varification and simulation using particle and heavy ion transport code system (phits) software.
Characterisation Of Hydroxyapatite Coated And Uncoated Titanium And Effects Towards Saos-2 Cells
(2024-04)
Hamid, Mohammad Idham Abd
Titanium and its alloys have been recently emphasised as potential biocompatible metals due to their good mechanical properties such as being low density but stronger, withstanding strain during internal fixation and having good durability. This study focused more on the biocompatibility study. In this study, uncoated and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated samples were used. HA-coated samples were prepared by coating HA onto a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) using the solvent casting method. The uncoated samples were prepared by grinding and polishing the Ti6Al4V samples. First characterisation was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) on both types of samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted with the coating of HA-coated samples. The biocompatibility of the samples was evaluated using Saos-2 cells using MTT, LDH and Sircol collagen assay. On FESEM characterisation, the coating of HA onto Ti6Al4V, achieved through the solvent casting method, led to irregularities in the morphological surface characteristics compared to uncoated Ti6Al4V. Analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) demonstrated the presence of crystalline phase in the HA-coated Ti6Al4V. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of phosphate and carbon organic compounds on the surface of HA-coated Ti6Al4V. A positive cell response to the titanium ions was revealed during the first 7 days of the biocompatibility study using the indirect method such as MTT, LDH and Sircol collagen assay.
Class Iii Skeletal Base In Malay Population: Characterisation Of Skeletal Phenotypes And Association With Familial Inheritance
(2023-03)
Ran, Arron Lim Yan
Class III skeletal discrepancy results from the disproportionate growth of the maxilla and mandible. Dentofacial skeletal features vary significantly between different ethnicities and Class III malocclusions, which are difficult to treat, were highly prevalent in Malaysians compared to other races. In the Malay population, the skeletal phenotypes of Class III skeletal base have never been investigated. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to investigate and characterise the different Class III skeletal phenotypes in a racially homogenous adult Malay population and determine their association with familial inheritance. This study also sought to determine the prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III skeletal base among Malay patients attending the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) orthodontic clinic, determine the precursor for genetic analysis using multivariate reduction method and ascertain the proportion of familial occurrence of Class III skeletal base.
Clinicopathological Analysis And Mrna Expression Profiling Of G1/S Phase Cyclins And Cdk4 In Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Colorectal Cancer Tissue
(2024-06)
Gururuloo, Sarminiyy Lenga
Introduction: colorectal cancer (crc) is the second most common cancer for both males and females in malaysia. Crc has become a serious health issue as it is mostly diagnosed in the later stage of cancer as well as due to the limitations in current treatment available in the medical industry. Many scientists have proven that crc is caused by the accumulation of certain altered genes over the years and evidence from the literature review reported that cell cycle regulator genes are one of them. However, inadequate research had been carried out on mrna expression studies, especially among the malaysian population. Objectives/hypothesis: the hypothesis for this study is that the mrna expression of cyclins d1, e1, a1, and cdk4 are significantly upregulated in crc tissues in malaysian subjects. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the clinicopathological feature and to evaluate the mrna expression of cyclins d1, e1, a1, and cdk4 of the crc tissues in malaysian subjects, and to understand the correlation between cyclins d1, e1, a1, and cdk4 expressions and their compensatory mechanisms. Methodology: this preliminary study recruited 50 subjects and only 47 of them were histopathologically confirmed sporadic crc patients.
Comparison Of Analgesic Effect Of Subcutaneous Bupivacaine Infiltration And Intravenous Diclofenac Vs. Intravenous Diclofenac Alone In Inguinal Hernioplasty: A Retrospective, Single Centre Study In Gaza
(2023-10)
S Alijla, Said S
Postoperative pain is a significant problem encountered by patients after a surgical intervention, and there is a crucial need for effective postoperative pain control. Studies showed that multimodal analgesia and wound infiltration are effective ways to reduce this pain and have a substantial role in the reduction of postoperative medications requirement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous infiltration of bupivacaine hydrochloride and intravenous diclofenac as postoperative pain relief in adults undergoing inguinal hernia repair. A single-centre retrospective case-control study included 104 patients aged 18-65 undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair at the selected hospital. The patients were in two groups of 52 each. Group A received 75 mg dose of IV diclofenac plus a subcutaneous injection of 10 mL of bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) 0.5% while Group B only received the IV diclofenac alone. The postoperative pain was assessed at one, two, three, six, and 12 hrs after the operation using the visual analog scale (VAS), which exhibited a range of pain from zero (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain). Of a total of 104 patients, 92% of patients were male. The mean age was 36 ± 11 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22 ± 3 kg/m2. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class I was statistically insignificant between both groups (90.4% versus 84.6%).
Construction Of Gene Expression Model On Relationship Between Candida Albicans And Colorectal Cancer
(2024-07)
Zhang, Haoling
This study primarily explores the paradox of whether Candida albicans (C. albicans) promotes or inhibits the development of Colorectal cancer (CRC), focusing on its metabolites mixture for relevant arguments. Differential gene analysis was initially employed to construct a model of differential gene-related prognostic genes (mRNAs) and was internally and externally validated within biological information databases. The impact of metabolites mixture on CRC cell viability was assessed utilizing the CCK-8 assay at different time intervals (12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and concentrations (OD600 approximately 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). qRT-PCR was employed to assess the mRNA expression levels of prognostic genes EHD4, LIME1, GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1 in each group of CRC cells. Cell invasion and migration capabilities were evaluated through Transwell experiments. Finally, the eATP content was determined using an ATP detection kit. This study identified a total of 213 differentially expressed genes. A prognostic model containing 5 specific mRNA markers, namely EHD4, LIME1, GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1, was constructed. C. albicans metabolites mixture reduced CRC cell activity. qRT-PCR results showed that compared to normal colonic epithelial cells, LIME and EHD4 were downregulated in CRC cells, while FDFT1 expression was significantly upregulated.
Deciphering Skp2 Mediated Regulation Of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (Tert) In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Aml)
(2022-10)
Rosli, Nur Aliaa Arina
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults and is characterized by immature myeloid cell proliferation which caused by bone marrow failure. Studies shown prolonged SKP2 knockdown suppress telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in t(8;21) AML cells. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of TERT regulation by SKP2 remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the TERT mechanism by SKP2 in AML. In this study, TERT expression reduced at gene and protein level after SKP2 suppression in non t(8;21) AML cells. Accordingly, telomerase activity was also reduced in non t(8;21) AML cells.Much research has been done on c-Myc and FOXO3 function in cell cycle progression and TERT regulation. Result obtained show that c-Myc and FOXO3 did not play a direct role in SKP2 mediated TERT regulation in t(8;21) and non-t(8;21) AML cells at gene level. However, different pattern in c-Myc protein expression was observed in non t(8;21) AML cells. Another observation were made in t(8;21) AML cells after AML1/ETO knockdown where c-Myc was up-regulated at gene and protein level. Due to increase in c-Myc expression levels, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was carried out and increased observed binding of c-Myc to the TERT promoter was observed after AML1/ETO down-regulation. However, c Myc binding to the TERT promoter failed to induce TERT transcription in t(8;21) AML cells.Other proteins related to TERT mechanism observed were Rb, E2F1 and CDKN1B. Hypophosphorylation of Rb was observed up-regulated in non t(8;21) AML cells after SKP2 knockdown yet no significant difference in E2F1 protein expression was observed. Accumulation of CDKN1B was markedly related with suppression of SKP2 in this studies.
Determination Of Epstein-barr Virus In Gastrointestinal Lymphomas (With Special Reference To Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma Of Small Intestine): Study On Malaysian Patients.
(2005-05)
Yunos, Asmah Md
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is ranked twelfth among all cancers world-wide, in which it is more prevalent in males compared to females. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence and distribution of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tissue samples obtained from 25 Malaysian patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. The gastrointestinal lymphomas analysed in the present study was divided into NHL of the ileocecal (9 cases), NHL of the small intestine (7 cases), NHL of the stomach (5 cases), NHL of the abdomen (1 case), NHL of the wedge ulcer (1 case), NHL of rectum fotic (1 case) and finally NHL of the hemicolon (1 case). The presence of EBV in all of the above mentioned tissue samples, after formalin fixation and paraffin embedding was carried out by using conventional in situ hybridization technology. Two out of 25 cases of NHL of the GIT analysed in the present study, demonstrated positive signals for EBV/EBER. In the first positive case, EBV/EBER signals were located in transformed lymphocytes in the serosa layer of the small intestine (14.3%). In the second EBV positive case, EBV/EBER signals were located in diffuse B-cell lymphomas of the ileocecal (11.1 %). In conclusion, these finding demonstrate a rare association between EBV and lower gastrointestinal lymphomas (excluding stomach).
Development Of Amino-functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanocomposite For The Magnetic Solid-phase Extraction Of Β-lactam Antibiotics In Milk
(2023-08)
Halim, Wan Ibrahim Thani Abd
This study describes a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized magnetic silica nanocomposites (MSN) for the determination of four β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) namely oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), and nafcillin (NAF) in milk samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The chemical structure and surface morphology of APTES-MSN were analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Several essential parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied, such as sample pH, amount of sorbent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, volume of desorption solvent, volume of sample, and salt addition. The developed APTES-MSN-MSPE method provided good linearity range from 5 to 500 μg L-1 for OXA, CLO, DIC, and NAF with good coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9987 - 0.9998), low limits of detection (0.26 -1.00 μg L-1), acceptable RSD% (n = 3) (1.59% – 5.00%) and satisfactory relative recoveries (93.43% – 113.42%). The APTES-MSN- MSPE combined with HPLC-DAD was successfully employed for the analysis of targeted BLAs in 15 selected milk samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 4 samples.
Development Of An Enzyme-Linked Aptasorbant Assay In Detecting Dengue Virus 2 Ns1 Biomarker
(2022-09)
Thevendran A/L Ramesh
Dengue is an alarming threat to both the health and economy of multiple nations worldwide. However, the current approaches used in the diagnostic application of dengue virus infections are limited to antibodies-based techniques which concurrently possess several disadvantages. Aptamers are a class of folded nucleic acid strands capable of binding to different cognate target molecules with high affinity and selectivity. Aptamers alleviate the drawbacks of antibodies by facilitating as cost-effective and efficient analytical tools in identifying dengue infections.
Development Of Cisplatin Delivery Nanosystem With Chitosan-coated Titania Nanotube Arrays Platform Targeting For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
(2022-06)
Effendy, Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan Eddis
Present chemodrug treatment for advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) via cisplatin (CDDP) have limitations such as non-specific biodistribution, dose-limiting toxicities, the emergence of resistant cancer cells and various side effects. Targeted and controlled release of CDDP delivery using titania nanotube arrays (TNA) smart nanosystem may offer a new approach to improve those limitations. TNA was fabricated, characterised, and optimised by electrochemical anodisation for CDDP loading in this study. The CDDP-loaded TNA (CDDP-TNA) encapsulation efficiency was studied using two methods: top-filling and immersion methods. The characterisation was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, ion-coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and wettability test. Biopolymer chitosan-coated CDDP- TNAs were optimised in terms of concentrations of acetic acid for 10 mg/mL chitosan preparation, coating methods, number of coating layers, and biocompatibility of chitosan coating layers. The CDDP release activities from chitosan-coated CDDP-TNA were further investigated in various phosphate buffer saline immersion systems with different pH values, simulated body fluid, and targeted NPC in vitro system. Further intracellular observation was performed using fluorescence microscopy.
Dual-Thresholding Based Sinogram Interpolation To Reduce Metal Artefact In Computed Tomography Imaging
(2021-12)
Nurul Fathin Binti Mohamad Sobri
Metal artefacts can degrade the image quality of computed tomography (CT) images which lead to difficulties and errors in diagnostic analysis. Metal artefacts appear as bright and dark streaks around the metal object. It is caused by beam hardening effects, photons starvation, non-linear partial volume, photon scatter, undersampling and inappropriate correction algorithm during reconstruction of image. The aim of this study is to improve the sinogram interpolation technique for metal artefacts reduction (MAR) in CT images.

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