Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Mekanikal - Monograf

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20 kwe biomass downdraft gasifier system
(2005-03-01)
Ishak, Mohd Asrul
A small scale downdraft gasifier that has producing 20kW biomass generator had been set to provide electrical power for the rural areas have been developed. The downdraft gasifier is erected in the laboratory at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). In this research, gasification system in used is gasifier in lower flow with a wood as a biomass sources. Many modification were made during installation and this experimented to make it suit with surrounding condition and to improve the performance of the system. Experiments have been performed of gasification of furniture wood as raw material. The system performance of the gasifier had been determined by finding the efficiency of the system, moisture content and diesel displacement. The system of the downdraft gasifier also involved the development of power absorbing system using 24 kW electrical loading as heating element has been successfully done. The overall efficiency of the system at full speed is 3.64% to 15.75% and minimum speed is 4.16% to 21.5% depending on the electrical load used to absorb the power from the generator. Air flow rate of the producer gas also increase with the speed of generator. The moisture content of the wet wood is quite small but still in the range.
A computational fluid dynamics (cfd) macro modeling and simulation of single chamber solid oxide fuel cell (sc-sofc)
(2008-04-01)
Koay, Hai Siu
Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SC- SOFC) has been gaining popularity lately due to its simplified structure, absence of gas seal and reduced cell manufacturing cost. It has also been shown to produce higher power density ~700 mW/em' and makes it useful in many applications. The characteristic and performance of a SC- SOFC system has been greatly dependant on the gas flow condition inside the gas channel, the chemical reaction inside the porous electrode and the heat generation and transfer inside the gas channel. In this research, three submodels of SC- SOFC operating inside a gas channel were simulated and analyzed using FLUENT. Gas Flow and Porous Media Transport/ Reaction submodels were simulated at a minimum and maximum SC- SOFC temperature setting to analyze the effect of different operating temperature on the characteristic of the models. The Heat Generation and Transfer submodel were analyzed considering the effect of simulation with radiation and without radiation. The advantages of using CFD to simulate the various models are SOFC design model can be further improved before the actual prototype is made and tested, costs incurred by CFD are much lower if compared to conventional experimental procedures and the time needed to bring a design to market is very much reduced. Simulation and analysis of this research were compared to literatures available to obtain validated experimental efforts to verify the simulation results.
A computational fluid dynamics (cfd) macro moeling and simulation of single chamber solid oxide fuel cell (sc-sofc)
(2008-04-01)
Koay, Hai Siu
Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SC- SOFC) has been gaining popularity lately due to its simplified structure, absence of gas seal and reduced cell manufacturing cost. It has also been shown to produce higher power density ~700 mW/cm* and makes it useful in many applications. The characteristic and performance of a SC- SOFC system has been greatly dependant on the gas flow condition inside the gas channel, the chemical reaction inside the porous electrode and the heat generation and transfer inside the gas channel. In this research, three submodels of SC- SOFC operating inside a gas channel were simulated and analyzed using FLUENT. Gas Flow and Porous Media Transport/ Reaction submodels were simulated at a minimum and maximum SC- SOFC temperature setting to analyze the effect of different operating temperature on the characteristic of the models. The Heat Generation and Transfer submodel were analyzed considering the effect of simulation with radiation and without radiation. The advantages of using CFD to simulate the various models are SOFC design model can be further improved before the actual prototype is made and tested, costs incurred by CFD are much lower if compared to conventional experimental procedures and the time needed to bring a design to market is very much reduced. Simulation and analysis of this research were compared to literatures available to obtain validated experimental efforts to verify the simulation.
A design and analysis of mems relay for electronic packaging application
(2006-03-01)
Mohd Kamal, Abu Hanifah
There are many researches and developments (R&D) about Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) have been done and this field is developing. By seeing this, we also have done research about MEMS and our research is about ‘A design and analysis of MEMS relay for electronic packaging.’ The objective is to improve the performance of relay in operation. The research is more about modification of relay which is GRF172 in dimension and material property and application of thermal stress to the relays. The modification relay will be compared to origin relay to see which relay has the best performance in electronic packaging. The relay which has been modified both in dimension and material property has the best performance.
A study falling particles in various types of fluids with different viscosity
(2001-02-01)
Musa, Shah Mudzaffar
In many kind of process, especially technical separation, there is always been a motion of particles in certain medium. The transferable of particles from one place to another make it easier for some system or process to meet its target. The medium can be anything that is like liquid or gaseous, weather it is in stationary or in motion. For example, the disposable ashes form gas medium, transformation of solid from wasted air, and also the recycle process to gain back the acidic fluid form chemical plantation. Overall, there are many literatures that have been published for public knowledge, and there a lot of knowledge that can be gained from these journals about motion of fluid with a stationary immersed particle in it. All of the parameters and variables that related to this thesis are considerably useful to generate new ideas and new models of equations. The purpose of it is to get the variations of velocity and acceleration relatively with time and distance deviation. In this thesis, a mathematical model was develop for a spherical particle falling in various type of liquid with different value of viscosity i.e. viscosity of acid acetic, 1 u 0.001095 Ns m2, alcohol, ethyl, propyl. =u 0.00164 Ns m-2, kerosene, u 2 =u 0.00192 Ns m-2, alcohol u 0.00153 Ns m-2, mercury,=u 0.001375 Ns m-2, and turpentine, =u 0 . 001155 Ns m-2. The mathematical model was solved using the boundary conditions, the sum of all forces that acted on the spherical particle and some assumption has been made to solve the equations model. An expression was obtained, from which the velocity versus time was deducted for transient and steady state conditions. This result is a simulation of a fall particle in a heated fluid, but in order to get the mathematical solutions, the simulations was change to a falling particle in various type of fluid with different value of viscosity. The results that were obtained here maybe not as same as the experimental value if it was conducted, but think of how powerful a mathematical model is when it is applied to gain the result of an experiment that hasn’t been done yet.
A study of crack behavior in a qfp electronic package under the combination of thermal and pressure loading
(2002-03-01)
Awang, Azizo
Crack is one of the primary problems faced in packaging. This phenomenon happened because of some factors such as thermal and pressure loading and unsuitable material is used. It caused losses suffer by the manufacturer and consumer alike. This is because the presence of crack in electronic package will cause package to fail during operation. Thus, many researches have been done about crack in electronic package. For this project, the study is to determine crack behavior in a QFP electronic package under the combination of thermal and pressure loading. The value of G (strain energy release rate) and K (stress intensity factor) are primary measurement to explain crack behavior. To get this value, Modified Crack Closure Integral (MCCI) method is used. Beside that, the understanding of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) concept is important because it was related with the parameters G and K. IDEAS Master Series 8A (Open GL) will be used as a main software to solve the model to get the primary data. There are three stages on using IDEAS which are modeling, analyzing and post processing. In this analysis, IDEAS will use finite element analysis (FEA) method to solve the model. The main objective of this study is to determine package behavior under the combination of thermal and pressure loading. For that, two analyzed cases are used. Firstly, thermal and pressure loading with variable distance of pressure at crack and secondly is thermal and pressure loading with variable values of pressure.
A survey on the application of rp in malaysia industries
(2002-03-01)
Mahyuddin, Mohd Sukeri
I am doing final year project in title ‘A SURVEY ON THE APPLICATION OF RP IN MALAYSIA INDUSTRIES’. This survey is to learn and understanding, also to know briefly about the application technology RP in Malaysia industries like in manufacturing industries. Although rapid prototyping is still new in the world and Malaysia but it technology can increase capacity of production to the factory with the faster that other technology. This is a project planning for a method to make the project go better and successful, so the first thing is make a questionnaire to collect more data and information to the industries whom are application technology RP direct or indirect. So, after that I can make a decision based on the data. Finally, from the data also we will focus to one industries to sure that this technology is suitable or relevant to the industries when the factory apply the technology in their factory. After that, we can go through a detail research which on focus industry to know that technology relevant for their factory, this will focus in all the aspect like a type of rapid prototyping normally using, also in application rapid prototyping in the industry, then the benefits and the troubleshooting and last the future rapid prototyping in Malaysia industries.
Action load on the rectangular tube foam , using finite element analysis method
(2002-03-01)
Jamal, Shahriman
This project is focused on the analyse the deformable behaviour of hollow tube when subjected to impractive loading. The value of impacted objected is depending on the impacted force that accord on the hollow tube. Quasi – static is produced when the impacted loading is accord on it. The tube is the hollow tube. It is made from mild steel. The model of the hollow tube is structured and drawn according to the dimension that had been given. The shape of the dimension is rectangle size, that is 101.6mm(0.1016m) long and 50.8mm(0.0508m)width. The thick of the hollow tube is 0.85mm(0.00085m) and the height of the hollow 305mm(0.305m). The model consists of 1578 nodes and 772 elements. Then, a different hollow tube is filled with one of the polymer, that is polyurethane. This kind of polymer can be frozen when it is pured into the hollow tube. Polyurethane is divided into difference of density. Although it has a difference of density but the element size is the same, that is 305mm (0.0305m). the model containing 53kg/m3 have 860 node and 421 element. The model of 80kg/m3 have 852 node and 415 element. The model 131kg/m3 having 850 node dan 414 element. Lastly, the model 182kg/m3 have 852 node dan 415 element. The process of modeling, meshing task and simulation process are done in the IDEAS. The structural performance is evaluated in the animation plotted. Graph load versus compression is plotted and the total of energy absorbed, also the average of load is can be known from the wide of the graph. Difference is studied between the result from the experiment and the result from Finite Element Analysis Method (FEAM). At the end of this report, several suggestion are stated for further investigation.
Adaptive finite element analysis of heat conduction in a heart pipe with wick structures_
(2008-04-01)
Teoh, Say Lai
Self-adaptive mesh and order approximation function in the finite element analysis tool helps to automatically refine, coarsen, or relocate a mesh and adjust the basis to acquire a solution having a specified accuracy in an optimal way. With proper utilization of this tool, it will improve the way of solving engincering problems by obtaining the desired solution with minimal effort. Simulation tasks on the steady state heat conduction model of modulated wick structure heat pipe is carried out to determine the performance of PolyDE, a stand-alone finite element analysis programme with self. adaptive mesh and element approximation orders developed at the Institute for Micro System Technology at Hamburg University of Technology. The performance of the different adaptive methods include p-sdapt. h-adapt and bp-adapt are tested. An optimal solution is achieved by h-adapt and hp-adapt method. The performance comparison with commercial package ANSYS& 9.0 was also been carried out to show the ability of the PolyDE programme to achieve an optimal solution which compatible with current commercialize developed finite clement analysis package. The simulation on both PolyDE and ANSYS& is cared out using h-adapt method. The starting condition of both simulations is adjusted to a merely similar condition which has a similar number of degrees of freedom and elements. The performance of PolyDE is found to be on par with the ANSYS# programme. The PolyDE programme shows an advantage on achieving a result with lower relative erfor compare to ANSYS? but record a longer computational timic.
Adaptive finite element analysis of heat conduction in a heat pipe with wick structures
(2008-04-01)
Teoh, Say Lai
Self-adaptive mesh and order approximation function in the finite element analysis tool helps to automatically refine, coarsen, or relocate a mesh and adjust the basis to acquire a solution having a specified accuracy in an optimal way. With proper utilization of this tool, it will improve the way of solving engineering problems by obtaining the desired solution with minimal effort. Simulation tasks on the steady state heat conduction model of modulated wick structure heat pipe is carried out to determine the performance of PolyDE, a stand-alone finite element analysis programme with self-adaptive mesh and element approximation orders developed at the Institute for Micro System Technology at Hamburg University of Technology. The performance of the different adaptive methods include p-adapt, h-adapt and hp-adapt are tested. An optimal solution is achieved by h-adapt and hp-adapt method. The performance comparison with commercial package ANSYS® 9.0 was also been carried out to show the ability of the PolyDE programme to achieve an optimal solution which compatible with current commercialize developed finite element analysis package. The simulation on both PolyDE and ANSYS® is carried out using h-adapt method. The starting condition of both simulations is adjusted to a merely similar condition which has a similar number of degrees of freedom and elements. The performance of PolyDE is found to be on par with the ANSY® programme. The PolyDE programme shows an advantage on achieving a result with lower relative error compare to ANSYS® but record a longer computational time.
Air flow in an air conditioning car
(2002-03-01)
Ali Hussain Shah, Mohd Alfadli Shah
It is necessary for cars in Malaysia to have air-conditioning due to its environment and weather. Basically, this final year project covers the analysis of airconditioning in a model of general shape cabin of a car. For this computer assisted analysis, it involves computation of airflow in the cabin from different sources of airflow positions. The title of my project is “ Airflow In An Air-Conditioning Car”. The analysis was carried out in a standard basic shape of car cabin design which is available in Malaysia. Analysis was in three dimensional (3D) case.
Air flow in an air conditioning room
(2002-03-01)
Ooi, Yongson
The aim of superior air conditioning system no longer only constrained to advancing the efficiency of cooling machine, but includes the study of airflow with the assistance of the distribution of several significant parameters. A numerical study of the turbulent flow over an enclosed air conditioning system was not practicable a few decades ago since the computer facilities were not sufficient. With the advancement of the computer and use of CFD, it is possible now to simulate the air conditioning system. As a first step, a standard office room was taken up for simulation. Temperature and velocity distribution over various virtual planes for various option of locations of the air conditioner blower were analyzed intend to achieve the maximum comfort for the occupant. Using Fluent, k-epsilon and Reynolds Stress models for turbulence flow were used for the analysis with various grid spacing. Reynolds Stress Model has been used for further analysis since Reynolds Stress Model has indicated independents of grid spacing (7.5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm) when compared with k-epsilon model. The medium grid spacing, which 26706 nodes were generated for the entire enclose region has been used for simulation studies. The present analysis will help in locating air-conditioning system for better comfort. This study can be extended for bigger offices, industries, hospitals as well as a gigantic shopping mall.
An analytical review of the relationship between dispatching rules and performance for dynamic scheduling in an identical parallel machine environment
(2005-03-01)
Jusoh, Zuraidah
This report consist an analytical review of the relationship between dispatching rules and performance measure for dynamic scheduling problem. The review is focused on an identical parallel machine environment. The dynamic issues that considered are machine breakdown and operator absent. The main objective of the research work is to analyze the performance of dispatching rules against different performance measures. Five suitable dispatching rules that considering the priority of weighs which called weighted dispatching rules is used. Dispatching rule is used to specify which job should be selected for work next from among a queue of jobs. Simulation model is developed based on real world case study using WITNESS software. Than the experiment model is developed by adding disturbance parameter likes machine breakdown and operator absent. The experiment is done to determine the effects of the disturbance parameter to the performance of dispatching rules used. The experiment result is proved by analysis of variance (ANOVA). From the experiment analysis, the different dispatching rules provide the different result of performance measures. Dispatching rules can be used to determine the minimum throughput time, minimum lateness and earliness of the jobs. The performance of dispatching rules also depends on disturbance parameter that used in the experiment model and the quantity of jobs required.
An approach to assembly facilities layout design problems using simulation
(2005-03-01)
Yusof, Norazian
This project focuses on designing an assembly line. Besides, the effects of different model configuration and number of station reduction on the assembly line are studied. In order to design an assembly line, minimum number of station is use to ensure high station’s and worker’s utilization. The assembly line model is developing using WITNESS simulation software. Four assembly line models with different configuration are built using WITNESS. The aim of the simulation is to find the best design that will be later implemented in reality. Statistical analysis, ANOVA is used to find any significance or insignificance of performance measures for different layout model. Results from the experiment have revealed that model’s configuration influence the line’s performance measure.
An explorotary study on nanotechnology
(2002-03-01)
Ismail, Mohd. Hafiz
This project consists of nanotechnology as the basic idea for a revolutionary method in manufacturing fields. Research will cover the definition of nanotechnology, its historical review, benefits of nanotechnology, the basic concept and idea that support or against the capabilities of nanotechnology as the concept that will change the world of manufacturing, as well as other areas. The capability of the machine in USM’s Mechanical School will also be tested using surface roughness test procedure that will be applied to the workpiece of both machines. Roughness test that will be conducted can show how far is the capability of these machine towards the nanotechnology capabilities that will effect the quality of the workpiece.
An introductory study on fabrication of piezoelectric ceramic
(2004-03-01)
Bachok, Zuraihana
This thesis gives a quite detailed overview of piezoelectric ceramics. It will be beneficial to general reader to get basic ideas about this smart material once the reader going through this thesis. The scope of this work is limited to the development of ceramic piezoelectric, related to the scope of work which the objectives of the study are to focus on its manufacture of the green material, the poling process and the study of its physical and electrical characteristics. Processing of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic by mixed oxide method for high technology applications involves the sequential steps; (a) powder preparation (b) powder calcining (c) de-agglomeration (d) forming (e) sintering (f) electroding (g) and poling. Each step is critical to the realization of desirable structureproperty relationships. To this end of the thesis, I have presented a brief introduction of the history of piezoelectric ceramics and a discussion on processing of the Barium Titanate ceramic (BaTiO3) and testing of the ceramic that define the behavior of a piezoelectric material. The ceramic was manufactured using Barium Carbonate (BaCO3) powder and Titanium Oxide (TiO2). The testing was done by using oscilloscope (waverunner) to observe the characteristic of piezoelectric ceramics. This work is organized as follows: in chapter 2 the previous work of processing a piezoelectric ceramic. Chapter 3 details the apparatus and experimental procedures used to fabricate and testing of piezoelectric ceramic. The result and discussion of the work are presented in chapter 4. To understand the behavior of a piezoelectric polycrystalline ceramics, we should know the principle of natural crystal like Quartz, Rochelle salt, and Tourmaline. Quartz crystal is naturally piezoelectric material and polycrystalline ceramic is an artificially polarized that manufactured material.
Analisis bulatan mohr menggunakan perisian mathcad
(2000-01-01)
Abdul Jalal, Mohamad Soffian
Objektif utama analisis ini dijalankan adalah untuk mendedahkan kepada penggunaan perisian MathCAD.Perisian ini antara lain akan memberi peluang kepada saya untuk menjalankan analisa bagi mendapatkan nilai-nilai tegasan atau terikan utama dan ricih yang bertindak pada suatu jasad tertegas atau terterik Tumpuan dalam penggunaan perisian ini diberikan terhadap mentakrifkan pembolehubah dan persamaan dalam perisian MathCAD Professional dan gambaran secara grafik Bulatan Mohr dalam perisian cabang MathCAD iaitu Imagination Engineer Bagi mendapatkan hasil(output) yang dikehendaki,nilai-nilai x,y dan xy dalam penentuan tegasan dan nilai-nilai εx,εy dan xy dalam penentuan nilai terikan hendaklah terlebih dahulu diketahui Nilai-nilai ini hanya perlu dimasukkan dalam ruang-ruang tersedia berkaitan yang telah diprogramkan sebelum keluaran dipaparkan dalam bentuk nilai dan gambaran grafik. Sebarang perubahan pada sebarang masa terhadap nilai-nilai dalam ruangan ini akan memberi kesan terhadap hasil yang akan dipaparkan secara automatik
Analisis getaran menggunakan perisian unsur terhingga: “analisis kestabilan brek cakera”
(2000-01-01)
Mohd, Mohd Syarifuddin
Dalam mengkaji kestabilan brek cakera, satu model unsur terhingga untuk pad-cakera yang digabungkan dibina. Kemudian, analisi modal dijalankan untuk setiap komponen untuk memastikan kesamaan model dengan analisis yang dirujuk. Selepas model disahkan, analisis seterusnya (analisis kestabilan) dijalankan berdasarkan nilai eigen kompleks. Model tersebut didapati tidak stabil apabila parameter diubah iaitu kekakuan sentuhan. Oleh itu, analisis seterusnya dijalankan untuk cakera berpengudaraan untuk mengkaji kesan rekabentuk rotor kepada kestabilan.
Analisis kitaran melalui kerajang airfoil naca (lapisan sempadan) dan kawasan pusaran
(2000-01-01)
Md. Ali, Affandy Bin
Eksperimen ini adalah berdasarkan kepada tajuk; “Analisis kitaran melalui kerajang airfoil NACA(lapisan sempadan) dan kawasan pusaran”. Kecenderungan adalah untuk mencari perkembangan lapisan sempadan pada kerajang airfoil NACA dan melihat perbezaannya diantara satu sama lain. Untuk melihat perbezaan tersebut, empat kerajang airfoil NACA, iaitu NACA 0015, 4412, 23012 dan 653218 diuji. Perkembangan lapisan sempadan diambil pada beberapa titik di permukaan airfoil tersebut. Di kawasan pusaran, cuma NACA 23012 dipilih. Minat kita adalah untuk mencari profil ataupun bentuk kitaran di kawasan tersebut. Ujian dilakukan daripada bucu belakang NACA 23012 ke suatu jarak darinya.
Analisis persembahan pengumpul tenaga suria plat rata
(2001-02-01)
Yeoh, Pang Tee
Flat-plate solar collectors are just one of the many devices that are used in the applications of Domestic Solar Water Heating (DSWH), industrial thermal processes and solar engineering. The basic working principle behind the flat-plate solar collector is it absorbs the available solar radiation from the sun and transfers the heat absorbed to a fluid used for heating water. There has been an increase in the number of flat plate collectors used, as it is a cheaper alternative when it comes to domestic water heating. As such, the aim of this project is to examine the effects of certain parameters towards the performance of a flat-plate solar collector and finally show how an optimized version of the collector can be constructed from the analysis. A detailed analysis of the flat-plate solar collector has been carried out to predict the performance of the collector in terms of mean plate temperature, useful energy flux and efficiency. By varying design parameters and operational parameters, the analysis of the collector is based on the theory of radiation absorption, heat losses and the temperature of the collector. A flat-plate solar collector analysis program (FPSCAP) has been developed, using C++, to assist in analyzing the various parameters that affect the performance of the collector. The FPSCAP is capable of evaluating the performance of the collector by calculating the hourly solar radiation, estimating the optimum tilt angle of the collector and the outlet fluid temperature. This program can also determine the efficiency of the collector operating on the conditions that was entered by the user. These conditions include the day of the year, the location of the collector (in Latitude degrees), physical parameters of the collector and operational parameters of the collector. From the analysis, the parameters that were examined are the diameter of the tubes used for conducting the fluid for heat transfer, the spacing between these tubes, the thickness of the absorber plate, the mass flow rate of the fluid used for heat transfer and the inlet fluid temperature. Therefore, optimizing these parameters can increase the performance of the flat-plate solar collector in terms of efficiency. This is achieved by maximizing the tube diameter, thickness of absorber plate and mass flow rate of the fluid while minimizing the tube spacing and the inlet fluid temperature. The comparison of daily efficiency of the collector for a year has been performed and the result is an increase in 8.6% efficiency. This is nearly constant for each day because of the various parameters that were optimized.

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